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备战年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清通2023用版语篇理解之主旨大意题主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意,并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力要求考生在阅读短文时,能够提炼文章的中心情节,体会作者的主要意图,充分运用逻辑概括能力,透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向在中考阅读理解中,针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下1What would be the best title for the text AVhatis the topic of thetext2The maintopic/subject of the passage is.3The main idea/The generalidea is/The main theme of this passageis...4The last paragraph endsthe passagewith anemphasis on.5What is mainly discussedin thetext6What is the main idea of the passage7Whafs themain pointthe writeris tryingto makein the lastparagraph8The purposeofthis passageis.9Which of the followingstatements isbest supportedby thetext10Which of the followingbest summarizedthe passage11The passagemainly focuseson.从上述命题形式可以看出,此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类,即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题主旨大意题的分类从考查对象上划分,主旨大意题可分为两种
1.
①篇章主旨针对全文的主题进行提问主题句出现在首段的居多,其次是末段或为几段主题的综
②段落主旨针对某一段或几段的主题提问.主题句可能是段落的首句、末句,也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结.从考查内容上划分,主旨大意题可分为三种2
①主题类内容,考查文章或段落的主旨大意;
②目的类,考查文章或段落的写作目的;当劳)and decided to handthem out.We enjoyedwhat wesaw in the street:a surprisedand happyperson holdingup hislunch bag.Thenwe noticed a small old woman asking for food.We handedher ourfinal lunch bag.As wegot into the car,she startedto speakto us.No onehas everdone anythinglike thisfor mebefore/9she saidwith asmile.Well,Im gladthat we were the first,“I replied.6€So,when willyou eatyour lunch^^I asked.She justlookedat mewith herhuge,tired browneyes andsaid,“Oh,honey,Im notgoing toeat thislunch.Yousee,I havea littlegirl.I usuallycant affordto buyher the food sheenjoys.But tonightshe will be sohappy!”(泪水)I dontknow if the womannoticed thetears inmy eyes.I havequestioned manytimeswhether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference.Yet atthat moment,I realizedthe truthofMother Teresaswords:We cannotdo greatthings-only smallthings withgreat love.
24.On ThankfulThursday,the writeroften wentwith hertwo daughtersto.A.visit theirfriends B.do somecharity workC.have lunchin McDonald
25.The oldwoman wasthe oneto getthe lunch.A.first B.second C.last
26.According to the passage,which istrue about the oldwomanA.She wouldgive the lunch toher daughter.B.She atethelunchwhen shegot homeC.She didn9t likethefoodfrom McDonalds
27.After the writer learnedthe storyof the woman,she was.A.angry B.moved C.surprised
28.What doesthe articlewant totell usA・Its difficultto helpeveryone inneed.B.A smallact ofkindness meansa lot.C.Each familyhas itsown problems.8I would never forget what I learned from the day when Ileft myjunior highschool.On the last dayour teacher told us something educational that I would like to share with you.He beganby drawinga manstanding in the middleof acircle.To makeit moreinteresting,he drewthingslike ahouse,a schooland a few friendsinside thecircle.He asked,Can anyonetell mewhat thisis”In a long silence,one studentdecidedtoexpress his(舍予适圈).idea,The world”The teachersaid,“Thats close.This isyour Comfort Zone Inside yourcircle youhave all the thingsthat are important to you-your home,your family,your friendsand yourjobs.People feelthat inside this circle they are safe from any danger.^^“Can anyonetell mewhat willhappen whenyou step out ofthis circle^^A strongsilence cameoverthe room.The samestudent replied,You areafraid.Another student said.You maymakemistakes79The silencecontinued andour teachersmiled and asked,“When youmake mistakes,what canthe result be”The firststudent said.You learn something.”(箭头)“Exactly,you arelearning.^^Our teacherturned tothe blackboardand drewan arrowpointingfrom theman tothe outsideof thecircle.He wenton saying,When youleave your ComfortZone,you putyourself outthere.The resultis thatyou learnsomething thatyou donot knowto become(原来的)a betterperson.He drewa biggercircle aroundthe originalcircle,and addedafewnew thingslikemore friends,a bighouse,etc.A lessonfrom thisstory isthat ifyou stayinside yourComfort Zoneyou willnever beable toopenyour eyestotheoutside world.When youstep outof yourComfort Zone,you willmake yourcirclebigger tochallenge yourmind andgrow to be stronger,and allin allto bea betterperson.
29.The storyhappened on.A.the firstday ofjunior highschool B.thelast day ofjunior highschoolC.the firstday ofsenior highschool D.thelastday ofsenior highschool
30.Which of the followingis NOTincluded in the Comfort Zone that the teacherdrew on theblackboard firstA.Friends.B.House.C.Cars.D.School.
31.When peoplestep outoftheComfortZone,they willat last.A.learnsomethingB.feel a little afraidC.begin to make mistakesD.miss theirfamily and friends
32.The passagemainly tells us that.A.families alwaysget in the wayof peoplesgrowthB.airows helppeople makemore friendsC.silence inthe classmeans studentscan thinkmoreD.stepping outof ComfortZone can make peoplebetter参考答案1【答案】l.c
2.A
3.D
4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文通过介绍几种新科技来告诉我们,现在的科学技术发展速度很快,我们只有不断学习才能赶上科学发展的脚步【详解】细节理解题根据第三段
1.“It tellsyou where the user is on the earth in all weather可知,全球定位系统能在任何天气条件下告诉你使用者的确切位置故选conditions”GPS C
2.推埋判断题根据第四段Its evenhoped thatone dayspace technologywill takehumans totheir new可知人们希望能把人们带到太空的新家,而不是已经把人们带到了其他星houses in space”I,ISS球上“它把人们带到了其他星球”说法错误,故选It hascarried peopleto otherplanetsAo.细节理解题根据第三段3It willbe used to searchfor ancient ships which were destroyed into the可知,是一种水下机器人,用来搜寻海中的沉船deep sea during their journey long ago”Hercules在海里寻找远古的船只”符合题意,故选look for the ancientships inthe seaD.主旨大意题通读全文,结合最后一段4Its important for us to learn about new technology andthe可知短文告诉我们现在的科学技术发展速度很快,只有不断学习才role thatit playsin our lives”,能赶上科学发展的脚步,所以对于我们来说学新科技是非常重要的it,s veryimportantfor us to学习新科技的重要性”符合文意,故选learn about newtechnology”B2【答案】
5.A
6.C
7.D
8.C【解析】科学家们认为,人类可以把人的名字和他们的外表联系起来,甚至可以根据长相猜出某人的名字研究人员通过实验得出志愿者的猜出正确的名字,只有当一个人经常使用名38%字时,他的外表才会受到他们名字的影响主旨大意题本篇讲述研究人员通过实验得出人类可以把人的名字和他们的外表联系起来,
5.甚至可以根据长相猜出某人的名字;只有当一个人经常使用名字时,他的外表才会受到他们名字的影响;故选A细节理解题根据第五段
6.“This kind of face--name matchinghappens becauseof aprocess of可知这种脸和名匹self-fulfilling prophecy,as webecome what other people expect us to become,“配的发生是因为一个自我实现的预言过程,故选C细节理解题根据第六段
7.people tendto thinkthat men named Bob should have rounder faces可知人们倾向于认为叫鲍勃的男人应该有更圆的脸;故选because the word itself looks round,”Do推理判断题根据第三段
8.“The volunteerswere ableto guessthe rightname38percent ofthe time.”可知志愿者能猜出38%正确的名字;十个中将近猜对四个,概率将近是40%;故选C3【答案】
9.D
10.C
11.C
12.A【解析】这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍的是地震的相关事实,地震产生的原因,大地震前后会有余震,地震波及强度的测量推理判断题根据第一段
9.“Earthquakes usuallyhappen on the edges of large sections ofthe Earth*splates..These platesslowly moveover along periodof time.Sometimes theedges,which are calledfault lines,can getstuck,but theplates keepmoving.Pressure slowlystarts tobuild upwhere the-edgesare stuck and,once thepressure getsstrong enough,the-plates willsuddenly movecausing an可知具体的解释地区板块的大型区域的边缘发生地震的原因故选earthquake.”D推理判断题根据第二段
10.“Scientists dontreally know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the科学家不能确定地知道是否小地震是前震除非有更大的地震发生可知bigger earthquake occurs”在更大的地震发生之后,人们可能才会注意到前震的存在故选C O推理判断题根据图片可知如果发生的地震的话会被
11.“
3.5-
5.4Felt,hardly causesdamage”
5.0感知到,但是几乎不会造成损害选项“全家福从墙上掉下来”符合故选C C主旨大意题文章主要介绍的是地震的相关事实,地震产生的原因,大地震前后会有余震,
12.地震波及强度的测量故选A o4【答案】
13.B
14.D
15.D
16.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲解了巧克力从墨西哥传到西班牙再到法国最后的到英国的经历,并在文末介绍了好时巧克力的由来词义猜测题根据后文
13.“The Spanish,however,added sugarto makeit sweet,and theydrank it hot.”可知,西班牙人加糖在巧克力中可知原来的巧克力应是苦的,故选B细节理解题根据最后一段
14.“In1900,the Englishstarted puttingmilk in their chocolatesis Milton可知,在年在巧克力中放牛奶,故选Hershey.Hershey1900Do细节理解题根据倒数第二段
15.“They wereplaces wherepeople couldmeet todrink chocolate「可知指的是人们可以喝咖啡和聊天的地方,故选together and talk”chocolate houses”D主旨大意题这篇文章主要讲巧克力从墨西哥传到西班牙再到法国最后的到英国的经历,
16.即巧克力的发展史,故选C5【答案】
17.D
18.B
19.C
20.D【解析】本文主要阐述了父母和孩子之间如何交流沟通以消除代沟问题细节理解题根据第一段第一句
17.Ive heardof manycomplaints fromboth parents and children”可知,父母和孩子都抱怨故选D词义猜测题根据第一段最后一句
18.Generation gapmeans misunderstandingbetween parentsand可知,代沟的含义是指在父母与孩子之间存在“误解:故选children.»B主旨大意题根据第二段首句及下文内容可
19.“What arethe reasonsbehind the generation gap”知,这是本段的主题句,下面的内容都是围绕此句展开的,所以第二段主要告诉我们产生代沟的原因故选C细节理解题根据第三段可矢口,消除代
20.“How to bridge thegeneration gapCommunication!”沟的方法是“交流”故选D6【答案】
21.C
22.D
23.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文主要记叙了美国孩子在暑假做爱心午餐,帮助那些Liam Hannon饥饿的人们的故事细节理解题根据文中
21.He createdthe onlinepage with his father as a way to help raise money forLunches of Love.Donations thatwere receivedthrough GoFundMe have enabled Liam to buy a better(手推车)cart andmake thousands of additionallunches.Liam alsogets helpfrom friendsand volunteers可知,在年暑假,他和他的父亲还有朋友一to makeand deliverthe lunches.”Liam hannon2017起帮助了很多无家可归的人故选C细节理解题根据文中(乐高)
22.“Liam has another projectcalled Legosof Love.People sendintheir可知,old toys,which arethen sortedand givento childrenwho areliving at homeless shelters.”Liam通过创建一个叫做爱的乐高的项目来帮助那些无家可归的孩子们故选D主旨大意题根据文中最后一段
23.“One thingis certain:This now12-year-old knowshow topay it(让爱传播出去).forward HisLunches of Love is an example of how even something as simple asa.”可知,利亚姆的故事主要告诉我们,简单的帮助可以带来很大sandwich can change the world的改变故选C7【答案】
24.B
25.C
26.A
27.B
28.B【解析】文章讲述的是作者带着两个女儿在每周四都去帮助别人,一次帮助别人的经历让她意识到了虽然所做的是小事,但是也对别人产生了很大的影响细节理解题根据
24.Its aweekly traditionthat mytwo littlegirls andI beganyears ago.We always(慈善)可知,作者和她的两个女儿经常去做慈善工作,go outinthe world anddo charitywork”故选B细节理解题根据
25.“Then wenoticedasmalloldwomanaskingforfood.We handedher ourfinal可知,这位老妇人是最后得到午餐的,故选lunchbag”C推理判断题根据
26.“Oh,honey,2m notgoing toeat thislunch.You see,I havea littlegirl.I usually可知,老妇人准备把这cant affordto buyher thefood sheenjoys.But tonightshe willbe sohappy”份午餐留给她的女儿,表述正确,故选A A细节理解题根据(泪水)可知,听了
27.I dontknow ifthewomannoticed thetears inmy eyes.老人的故事,她很感动,故选B主旨大意题根据
28.“I havequestioned manytimes whetherouractsofkindnessweretoosmallto可知,这篇文章想告诉我们一个小小的善行意味着许多,故选makeadifference”B8【答案】
29.B
30.C
31.A
32.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者在中学毕业前一天,老师给作者上了一节难忘的课如果你呆在你的舒适区,你将永远无法开拓你对外面的世界视野当你走出你的舒适区,你会让你的圈子更大,挑战你的思想,变得更强大,总而言之,成为一个更好的人细节理解题根据文中第一段“
29.wouldneverforgetwhatIlearnedfrom the daywhenT leftmyjunior highschool.On thelastdayour teachertoldussomethingeducationalthatIwouldliketo share可知当我要离开中学时,老师最后一天给我们讲了很有教育意义的课可见,是初中withyou.的最后一天故选B细节理解题根据文中第三段
30.“This isyourComfortZone.Insideyourcircle youhave all thethings that areimportanttoyou-your home,your family,your friendsand yourjobs.People feelthat舒适圈里是你的房子,你的家,你的朋友和职业insidethiscircletheyaresafefrom anydanger.“人们在舒适圈里觉得很安全可知,学校也是舒适圈里的,所以不包括车故选C细节理解题根据文中第四段
31.“The silencecontinued andourteachersmiled andasked,When you可知在你犯错之make mistakes,what cantheresultbe”The firststudentsaid,“You learnsomething*后是学习可见走出舒适圈是你在学习故选A主旨大意题根据文中第六段
32.“When youstepoutof yourComfortZone,you willmake yourcircle.可知当你走bigger tochallenge yourmind andgrow to be stronger,and allin alltobea betterperson出舒适圈,你在调整自己变成更强大的人,总之是更好的人可见文章的中心大意是走出舒适圈,成为更好的人故选D
③标题类,要求考生选出文章的最佳标题设问特点♦考查全文主旨或段落大意
1.正确选项概况范围大小恰当,主旨判断准确
2.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题,主观臆断
3..常以等词提问4mainidea,best idea,subject,mainly discuss常考问题♦中心思想类1The mainpoint/idea ofthe passageis...The passageismainly about...The passagemainly discusses...The lastbut oneparagraph ischiefly concernedwith...Which ofthe followingstatements bestexpresses themainideaofthe passage标题类2Which ofthe followingis thebest titleofthe passageThe besttitle forthe passagewouldbe...目的类3The authorsmain purposein writingthe passageis to...The passageis meantto....In writingthis passage,the authormainly intendsto...怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题高度概括法对文章主旨大意的考察,不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现,而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现因此,选择文章标题,首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式,先弄清文章的主旨大意,再定标题标题位于文章之首,用来高度概括文章内容,点明文章主题它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容,抓住文章的中心,把握作者的观点和意图那么如何选择文章的标题呢?首先,要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何一般要求能覆盖全文内容,体现文章主旨要避免下列三种情况
①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,从而导致范围太小);
②过度概括(多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥);
③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意其次,要考虑标题的针对性,即标题范围要恰当,针对性强要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系既不能太大,也不能太小,太大则中心就不突出,太小也发挥不了应起的作用;精确度高,不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩它可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子再次要注意标题的醒目性,标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖,标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂和门面标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性,读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍故标题一般比较醒目,甚至比较离奇,以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣最后要注意,要恰当地选好标题,还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法一般说来,拟定标题是以话题为核心,与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组比如某一文章的中心句为:CHINA issuedthe first set of stamps depictingthe top128Chinesefamily nameson ThursdayNov.18th2004in Beijing.话题Stamps控制性概念CHINA issuedthefirstset ofstamps depictingthetop128Chinese familynames标题China issued1stsetofstampson familynames【典例示例】(支持,August8,was Earth Overshoot Day.Calculated annuallyby theenvironmental advocacy拥护)()group,Global FootprintNetwork GFN,it isthe daywhen humanhas consumedallthenatural(再生)resources-produce,meat,fish,water,and wood-that ourplanet canregenerate ina singleyear.This meansthat forthe restof2016,we willbe usingnatural resourcesthat areimpossible toreplace.For thosethat arealittleconfused,it issimilar tospending yourentire yearsallowance byAugustand thenborrowing moneyfrom friends,knowing fullywell thatyou cannotrepay theloan.GFN saysthatthe samething happensinthecase ofthe Earth.The dateof Earth Overshoot Dayvaries eachyear.In anideal,fully sustainableworld,we shouldonlyspend whatwe have.This meansthat Earth Overshoot Daywould fallon December31,or perhapsevenspill intothe followingyear,indicating thatwe aresaving someresources fora rainyday.That didhappenin1961,when weonly consumedthree-quarters ofwhat theplanet produced.Unfortunately,thedayhas beengoing uprapidly since2014when itfell onAugust
19.In2015,itwas August13,and thisyear,the earliestso far—August8!The onlyway tosustain thisdemand wouldbeto have
1.6earths,which aswe allknow,is notpossible.Fortunately,experts saythatthesituation isnot asgrim asit sounds.Many countriesare alreadytakingsteps toreduce carbonemissions,which accountsfor60%of ourecological footprint,byswitching tosolar orwind-generated power.Individuals canalso helpby eatingless meat,walking,biking,or takingpublic transportation,aswell asadopting thethree Rs:Reduce,Reuse,and Recycle.If weall work together,we canhelp pushbackEarth OvershootDay toDecember31,or evenbeyond!
27.What isthebesttitleforthe passageA.A Warning:Earth OvershootDayB.A Celebration:Earth OvershootDayC.A Reminder:Reduce,Reuse,and RecycleD.An Advertisement:Global FootprintNetwork【文章大意】本文是一篇环保类说明文文章介绍了今年在八月八Earth OvershootDay号我们就已经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源,接着又介绍了的计算方法Earth OvershootDay通过介绍作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费EarthOvershootDay,【答案】A【解析】今年的是八月八号,即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今EarthOvershootDay年全年的可再生资源本文通过介绍告诉人们要减少资源浪费,所以最佳EarthOvershootDay标题应是项A知识强化
一、阅读单选1The Internet,mobile phonesand Ipadsare partof our lives now.Technology isgreatly affectingallways ofour lives,from the ways weworktothewayswe play.And iteven causesa numberof socialproblemssuch as cloning humans.We havehad lotsof technology and ithas changedourlivesa lot.There isno doubtthat humanswillcontinue touse moreand moretechnology.Here aresome examples of modemtechnology thatwillchange ourideas andwill affectourlivesgreatly.()(全球定位系统)Global PositioningSystem GPS(精确地)Its asystem thatuses radiosignals fromsatellites toshow exactinformation.It tellsyouwhere the useris on the earthinallweatherconditions.Its madeup ofthree parts:satellites,control(设备)equipment onland andreceivers.Space Technology()Russian andAmerican scientistshave workedtogether forthe InternationalSpace StationISSfor along time.They hopethe ISSwill provide along-lasting lab.Such alab willbring humanslimitless(无限的)advantages.Its evenhoped thatone dayspace technologywill takehumans totheir newhousesinspace.Underwater RobotHercules isakindofUnderwater Robotwith somehigh technologyequipment.It willbe used tosearch forancientshipswhichweredestroyedintothe deepseaduringtheirjourneylongago.The worldis changingso quicklythat itshard for us to catch up with allthe newinventions becausetheyseem tocome outevery month.Its importantforusto learnaboutnewtechnologyandthe rolethatit playsin ourlives.So we should bewilling toaccept moderntechnology,or wewill fallbehind the time.
1.can tellyou where the userison the earthexactly.A.Satellites B.ReceiversC.Global PositioningSystem D.Underwater Robot
2.According tothe passage,which isNOT trueabout theISSA.It hascarried peopleto otherplanets.B.It willprovidealong-lasting labforus.C.Russian andAmerican areworking forit.D.Humans willget a lot of advantages fromit.
3.Herculesisusedto.A.save livesinthe sea B.take pictureintheseaC.repair thebroken shipsD.look forthe ancientships inthesea
4.From the passage,we knowthat.A.theuseof GPSis affectedby theweather conditionsB.its veryimportant fbr ustolearnaboutnew technologyC・its easyfbrustocatchupwithallthenew inventionsD.technology bringsus manyadvantages such ascloninghumans2Have youever hadan experiencewhere youmeet someonenew,learn theirname andthink toyourself,“Wow,they reallylook just like theirname!^^What doesthis mean,exactly Scientistsaresuggesting that humans tendto associatepeoples nameswith theirappearance,and caneven guesssomeonesname basedon howthey look.Researchers atthe HebrewUniversity ofJerusalem inIsrael collectedthousandsofphotos of peoplefaces.They labeledeach photowith four names.Then,they askedvolunteers to guess which ofthefournames wascorrect.The volunteerswere ableto guessthe rightname38percent ofthetime.It seemsthathumansareable torecognize certaincharacteristics of faces thatcan givethem cluesabout someonesname,ReadersDigest reported.However,this onlyworks whenwere lookingat nameswithin ourown culture.In addition,thevolunteers werenot asgood atguessing thereal namesofpeople who usenicknames moreoften thantheirreal names.This showsthatapersons appearanceis affectedby theirname onlyif theyuse itoften.“This kindofface-name matchinghappens becauseofaprocess of self-fulfilling prophecy,as webecomewhatotherpeopleexpectustobecome,Ruth Mayofromtheuniversity toldscience newswebsiteEurekAlert.Previous studieshave shownthat genderand racestereotypes canaffect apersons appearance.Theresearchers believethere arealso similarstereotypes aboutnames.For example,people tendto thinkthatmen namedBobshouldhave rounderfaces because theworditselflooksround.People maythink thatwomennamed roseare beautiful.They expectthem tobe delicateand feminine,justlikethe flowertheyare namedfor.
5.What doesthepassagemainly tellusA.People canguess others,names baseon theirappearance.B.A persons appearance canbe affectedby threefactors.C.There areseveral waystoguessa strangersname.D.Its notpolite toask strangersabout theirnames.
6.Dr.Ruth Mayothinks somepeople looklike theirnames becauseof.A.racial stereotypesB.their uniquecultureC.a self-fulfilling prophecyD.their livingenvironment
7.According tothepassage,mennamedBob areexpected to.A.wear glassesB.have bigeyes C.look beautifulD.haveroundfaces
8.What dowe knowfrom thisresearchA.Nicknames havea biggerinfluence onpeoples appearance.B.Gender andrace haveno influenceon apersonsappearance.C.The volunteersguessed nearlyfournamescorrectly outof ten.D.People aregood atrecognizing thedifferent characteristicsof faces.3Little wasunderstood aboutearthquakes beforethe20th century.However,they havebeenresponsible formillions ofdeaths anda hugeamount ofdamage tohumans overcenturies.Earthquakesusually happenon theedgesoflargesectionsoftheEarths plates.These platesslowly moveover alongperiod oftime.Sometimes theedges,which are called faultlines,can getstuck,but theplates keepmoving.Pressure slowlystarts tobuild upwherethe-edges arestuckand,once thepressure getsstrongenough,the-plates willsuddenly movecausing an earthquake.Generally beforeand aftera largeearthquake therewillbesmaller earthquakes.The onesthathappen beforearecalledforeshocks.The onesthat happenafter arecalled aftershocks.Scientists dontreallyknowifan earthquakeisaforeshockuntilthe bigger earthquakeoccurs.Shock wavesfromanearthquake thattravel throughthe groundarecalledseismic wave*.They aremostpowerful atthe centerofthe earthquake,but theytravel throughmuch oftheearthand back to thesurface.They movequickly at20times thespeed ofsound.Scientists useseismic wavesto measurehow biganearthquakeis.They usea device*calledseismograph tomeasure thesize ofthe waves.The sizeofthewave iscalled magnitude.To tellthe strengthof anearthquake,scientists usea scale*called theMoment MagnitudeScale orMMSit usedtobecalled theRichter scale.The largerthe numberon theMMS scale,the largertheearthquake.You usuallywont evennotice anearthquake unless it measuresat leasta
3.5ontheMMS scale.Thepicture onthe rightshows someexamplesofwhat mayhappen dependingonthescale.
9.In Paragraph1,thewriterexplains whattheearthquakeis by.A.listing examplesB.offering dataC.making acomparison D.giving anexplanation
10.According toParagraph2,whichofthe followingis TRUEA.Scientists can*t measurethe strengthof anearthquake exactly.B.Its stilldifficult forscientists totell whenanearthquakecomes.C.After a biggerearthquakehappens,people maynotice foreshocks.D.The earthquakewont causeany damageunlessitreaches
9.0MMS.
11.If a
5.0-magnitude earthquakehit yourarea,what mighthappenA.Your housemight shakebadly.B.People mightfeel noshaking atall.C.The familyphoto mightfall offthe wall.D.Everything mightbreak downonthe street.
12.The passageis writtenmainly to.A.present factsabouttheearthquakeB.give earlywarnings beforean earthquakeC.stress theimportance ofearthquake scaleD.provide knowledgeofself-protection inearthquakes4During avisit toMexico in1519,Herman Cortes,a Spaniard,was given a drinkcalled xocoatl.Itwas madefrom cocoabeans andwas verybitter.He likedthe drinkand tooksome ofthe beansback toSpainwherethedrink soonbecame popular.The Spanish,however,added sugarto makeit sweet,andthey drankithot.A hundredyears cameand wentbefore it was introducedto France.Then in1657,a Frenchmanopeneda storein Londonand beganselling chocolate.It wasvery expensive,but soonchocolate houseswereopened inmany largeEuropean cities.They wereplaces wherepeople couldmeet todrinkchocolate togetherandtalk.In1900,the Englishstarted puttingmilk intheir chocolatesis Milton Hershey.Hershey wasbom in1857,andasa youngman,he becameinterested in making chocolate.In theearly1900s,he startedachocolate-making company,which grewvery quicklybecause hischocolate wasso delicious.Nowadays,Hershey chocolateis soldall overthe world,and manypeople thinkitwasMilton Hersheywho wasinstrumentalinmakingchocolate sopopular.
13.What doesthe underlinedword“bitter“mean inChinese贵的苦的便宜的酸的A.B.C.D.
14.The Englishman,MiltonHersheystarted puttingmilk intheir chocolates.A.in1519B.in1657C.in1857D.in
190015.Which oneis rightabout chocolatehousesA.Stores thatsold softdrinks.B.companies thatsold chocolate.C.Where thechocolate wasproduced.D.Places peoplemet anddrank chocolate.
16.What doesthispassagemainly talkaboutA.The chocolatehouses.B.A Spanishfood.C.The historyof chocolate.D.A Mexicandrink.Ive heardof manycomplaints fromboth parentsand children,suchas“My motheris sooverpoweringthat shedoesnt understandme.and Whyisnt sheas respectfulas sheusedtobe”Generation gapmeans misunderstandingbetween parentsand children.What arethe reasonsbehind thegeneration gapFirst,children findthey havegrown up,so theydontwant todepend ontheir parentsany more.The desireto provethemselves capableof makingdecisionsby themselvesmakes themdisobey whatparents said.Second,a generationcreates theirown(同龄人)language and fashion,which differsitself fromother generations.The feelingwith theirpeersis differentfrom thatwith theirparents asifthetwo generationswere fromdifferent worlds.For example,parents dontunderstand whytheir childrenlike JayChou somuch,who isthe starof youngpeoplesworld.How to bridge thegeneration gapCommunication!Communication improvesthe understandingbetween childrenand parents.For example,childrenshould bealways willingtoshareeverything intheir life.On theother hand,parents shouldshow theirunderstandingand careabout them.It isnot hardtobridgethe gap,becausethelove betweenparents andchildrenisthegreatest intheworld.
17.Who oftencomplain accordingtothefirst paragraphA.Children.B.Mothers.C.Parents.D.Both parentsandchildren.
18.Generation gap“means betweenparentsandchildren.A.mistake B.misunderstanding C.disagreementD.dislike
19.The secondparagraph mainly tellsus.A.the languageandfashiona generationhas createdB.what childrenwant toprove totheir parentsC.the reasonsbehind thegeneration gapD.who isthe starof youngpeoples world
20.The waytobridgethegenerationgap is.A.laughing B.quarreling C.never speakingD.communicating6(消磨时光),For manyAmerican10-year-olds,summer isalways atime forgoofing aroundhangingout withfriends,and playingoutside untilthe sungoes down.However,for Liam Hannon,thesummer of2017was abit different.That year,Liam didnot wantto goto summercamp,so hemade adealwithhis dad tostay busyand active.He joineda programto givebacktothe community.Specifically,he wasgivenatask tohelp homeless people.Liam pointedout tohisdadthat therewere alot ofhomelesspeoplejust outsidetheir homeinCambridge,Massachusetts.These peoplewere hungryand Liamthought hecould dosomething tolifttheir spirits.Liam andhis cladbegan makingsandwiches.Together,they made20lunches thatfirst week,which theythen handedout tothe homelesspeople.When theweek wasover,Liam realizedhe wasnotready toput awayhis breadknife justyet,so LiamsLunchesof Love wasborn.“No oneshould behungry,“Liam wroteon hisGoFundMe page.He createdthe onlinepage withhis fatherasawaytohelpraisemoney for Lunchesof Love.Donations thatwere receivedthrough(手推车)GoFundMehaveenabledLiamtobuyabettercart andmake thousandsof additionallunches.Liam alsogets helpfrom friendsand volunteerstomakeand deliverthe lunches.His friendslovedrawing pictures and writingencouraging messages onthebrown paperbags thatthe lunchesand healthysnacksare packedin.“Ive seenpeoplewho are feelingreally down.But whenwe handthem alunch,their facesjust lightup,“says Liam.(乐高)But hedidnt stopthere.Liam hasanother projectcalled Legosof Love.People sendin theirold toys,which arethen sortedand givento childrenwhoareliving athomeless shelters.(让爱传播出去).One thingis certain:This now12-year-old knowshow topay itforward HisLunchesofLoveis anexampleofhowevensomethingassimpleasa sandwichcanchangetheworld.
21.What didLiamHannondo inthe summer holiday of2017A.He wentto summercamp.B.He hungout withhis friends.C.He helpedmany homelesspeople withhisfatherandfriends.D.He drewpicturesandwrote encouragingmessagesonthe paperbags.
22.How didLiam helpthe childrenathomelesssheltersA.By raisingmoneyfor them.B.By makingsandwiches forthem.C.By buyingoldtoysforthem.D.By creatinga projectcalled LegosofLove.
23.Liams storymainlytellsus.A.we shouldask ourfriends forhelpB.weshouldenjoy thesummerholidaywith ourfamilyC.simple helpcanmakeabigdifference D.projects makealotof fun7The daywas ThankfulThursday.Its aweekly traditionthat mytwo littlegirls andI beganyears ago.(慈善)We alwaysgo outintheworld anddo charitywork.Last Thursday,weweregoing tobuy lunch(乞丐)(麦forthebeggars inthestreet.I ordered15lunches fromMcDonalds。