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雅思写作和口语短语归纳(环境)1处理掉,扔掉dispose ofSomewaste isdisposed ofunder thesea.一些废物被扔到了海中…一次性的(用品等)disposableIt seemsefforts torestrain the use ofdisposable chopsticksface manyobstacles.看起来反对使用一次性筷子的计划面临着许多障碍2恶性循环vicious circleShegot caughtin avicious circleof dietingand weightgain.她陷入到了节食和增重的恶性循环里负面影响adverse effectThepolicy mayhave adverse effects onthe economy.这项政策可能对经济有反作用destruction ofecosystems orthe extinctionof wildlife.生态恶化意味着环境的变坏、生态的毁灭和野生动物的灭绝17石油短缺oil shortageWarsometimes createsartificial oilshortages formany countries.战争在很多国家中造成了人为的石油短缺处在短缺状态中be in short supplyRawmaterials areinshortsupply.原材料的供给处于短缺状态18化石燃料(主要是指媒、石油与天然气)fossil fuelTempretureclimbed morerapidly in the twentiethcentury astheuseoffossi fuelproliferated.在二十世纪,由于化石燃料的大量使用导致温度更快地上升太阳能solar energyManyhouses startedusing solarpanels inorder toutilise solarenergy.许多房屋都开始使用太阳能面板来利用太阳能风能wind energyWindenergy isclean energythat producesno emissions.风能是一种不排放有害污染物的清洁能源19噪声污染noise pollutionPeoplewho liveclose toairports allunderstand whatnoise pollutionmeansbecause theyhave beenexposed toexcessive noise.住在机场附近的人都理解噪声污染,因为他们每天都暴露在噪声中光污染light pollutionTheadverseeffectsof lightpollution aremultiple,some of them maybenot knownyet.光污染造成的负面影响有很多,有些甚至是不为人知的20(琐事、噪声等)让人很心烦get onones nervesThebeeping noisefrom thecomputer reallygot onmy nerves.电脑发出的哗哗声实在是让我很心烦令人厌烦的事物is anuisanceThe dogsnext doorare atotal nuisance.隔壁的那只狗实在应人厌烦的家伙3生物不可降解材料Non-biodegradable materialNon-biodegradable materialdoes notdecay ordissolve awayby naturalforces.由生物不可降解材料制成的物品不会因自然力而腐烂或溶解可以被重复利用的材料reusable/recyclable materialWhenrecyclable materialis notdisposed ofcorrectly,it mayadd tothemass ofpolluting waste.当可回收材料物品被处理不当时,那可能会给污染治理带来更大的麻烦减少污染pollution reductionLong-term trafficand pollutionreduction woulddepend oneducating thepublicto usepublic transportmore,and ongovernments usingpublicmoney toconstruct andrun efficientsystems.长期的交通和污染的减少取决于教育公众更多地使用公共交通,也取决于政府使用公共资金去建立并运行更加有效的公交体系4浪费某种资源use sthwastefullyElectricity isoften usedwastefully.电能经常被浪费水电hydro-electric powerCleansources ofenergy includesolar,wind,hydro-electric andnuclearpower.清洁能源包括太阳能、风能、水能和核能5(地球上的)生物圈the biosphereScientistsare wonderingwhat effectsglobal warmingwill haveon thebiosphere.科学家们好奇全球变暖会给生态环境带来怎样的影响濒危物种endangered species40%of thespecies onEarth areendangered species,which meansthey areatrisk ofbecoming extinct.地球上的物种是濒危物种,这意味着他们正在面临灭绝40%平衡的较正式表达equilibriumDestruction ofold materialand formationof newmaterial areinpermanent dynamic.旧成分的破坏与新成分的生成处在一种持续不的动态平衡里臭氧层ozone layerScientistshave beenworried aboutthe holeintheozonejayer whichappearedover Antarctica.科学家们对南极上空出现的臭氧空洞十分担忧大气层the atmosphereThesefactories arereleasing toxicgases intothe atmosphere.这些工厂向大气排放了很多有毒气体7导致不可逆转的破坏cause irreversible damageIn somecountries,air pollutionis causingirreversibledamageto theenvironirent.在一些国家,大气污染会对环境做出一些不可逆转的破坏遭到永久性的破坏be permanentlydamagedThe ecosystemthat playsa partin naturalprocesses suchas climateor thefoodchain maybe permanentlydamaged.在自然界中一旦食物链或气候发生永久性的破坏,生物系统就要扮演起重要角色8全球变暖global warmingScientistsand environmentalactivists continueto argueover theseriousnessof globalwarming.科学家们和环境主义者们持续讨论着全球变暖对人们所造成的严重后果温室效应greenhouse effectThegreenhouse effectis acomplicated processby whichthe earthisbecoming progressivelywarmer.温室效应是一个复杂的过程,它循序渐进地让地球慢慢变暖9汽车的尾气排放car emissionsCitiesacross theUK arecracking downon airpollution byenforcing strictcaremission control.英国的大小城市都在通过实施严格的汽车尾气限制条例来削减大气污染汽车尾气exhaust fumesExhaustfumes containcarbon monoxideand canbe extremelydangerous.汽车尾气中含有的一氧化碳是极度危险的气体呼吸系统疾病respiratory diseases英Britain hasthe highestdeath ratesfrom respiratorydiseases inEurope.国拥有欧洲最高的呼吸系统疾病的死亡率10土壤侵蚀soil erosionAcceleratedsoil erosionby wateror windmay affectboth agriculturalareasand thenatural environment.由水或风造成的土壤风化加速可能会同时影响到农业地区的自然环境沙漠化desertification n.Desertification isthe processby whichland changesinto desert.沙漠化是指土地不断变成沙漠的过程地下水groundwater n.Most concernover groundwatercontamination hascentered onpollutioncaused byhuman activities.大多数的关于地下水污染的担忧都集中在了对人类行为所造成的污染上海水淡化seawater desalinationSeawaterdesalination involvesremoving thesalt fromwater tomake itdrinkable.海水淡化是指去除海水中的盐分,使其可以饮用11化学肥料,化肥chemical fertiliserEventhough chemicalfertilisers canmake theplants growwell,they maycausehealth problemsfor usand reduceour qualityof life.尽管化肥能使作物良好生长,但它们同时可以对我们的健康构成威胁杀虫剂pesticide n.Recent studieshave linkedbreast cancerto pesticidesused onfruits.最新的研究表明用在水果上的杀虫剂会导致乳腺癌12酸雨acid rain.酸雨给热带Acid rainis causingimmense damageto tropicalrain forests雨林带来了巨大的损害…过度饱和,充斥着be saturated withThe airhas beensaturatedwithharmful chemicals,dust andothercontaminants.空气中饱含着有害化学物质、尘埃和其他污染物13扰乱生态系统upset theecosystemThe Gulfof Mexicooil spillhas greatlyupset theecosystem.墨西哥湾漏油事件是对生态系统的一次极大打击恢复生态平衡redress theecological balanceInthese circumstances,government interventionis importantto redresstheecological balance.在这种情况,政府对恢复生态平衡所做出的努力就显得至关重要14工业废料industrial wasteDespiteopposition fromenvironmentalist groups,industrial wastecontinuesto pollutethe rivers,lakes andoceans.尽管遭到了环保主义团体的反对,工业废料还是在源源不断地继续污染着河流、湖泊和大海•排放discharge v这家Large amountsof industrialwaste aredischarged dailyby thefactory.工厂每天都要排放大量的工业废品15以代价at theexpense ofsth./sb.They accusedBP ofpursuing profitatjheAexpense ofthe environment.花们指责英国石油公司是在牺牲环境的基础上追求赢利的以为代价at thecost ofsth.Sometimes petsmay takeup toomuch ofa personsattention atthe costofhis/her familylife.有些时候宠物会占据主人太多的注意力,以至于主人以牺牲家庭生活为代价来宠爱它们16自然灾害natural disasterAnatural disastercan affectthe livesof thousandsof people.一次自然灾害影响到上千人的生命生态恶化ecological degradationEcologicaldegradation meansthe deteriorationoftheenvironment,the。