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介词短语在句中分析与翻译的实例
0221.Inability tobuild high-voltage generatorsand motorsgivesto thetransformer immediaterecognition asa highlyflexible linkbetweenthe generationand distributionof electricalenergy.制造高压发电机和高压电动机是不可能的,这就立即使人们认识到变压器是发电与配电之间灵活性很高的中间环节(本句是简单句主语是inability,谓语是gives,宾语是recognition不定式短语tobuild o..motors作定语,修饰inabilitygive recognitionto...as..•,“承认是”介词短语between一.energy作定语,彳修饰link)
22.The mildnessof itsclimate,with slighttemperaturevariations andinfrequent rainfall,combined witha highaverage levelofsunshine andbrilliant shies,all makeit ideafor tourismwhetherby winteror bysummer.宜人的气候、变化不大的温度、稀少的雨量、灿烂的阳光以及明媚的天空,所有这一切使突尼斯成为冬夏理想的旅游胜地(with...和combined with把三个主语连接起来all是总括词,总括上述的三个主语idea是it宾语补足语it代替上文中Tunisia突尼斯bywinter...这里by作“当时候”解例They don,t workby daybut bynight.他们日间不工作,夜间工作whether..or,“不论是……还是,用作连词,连接两个并列成分)
23.We explain the differencesbetween gasesand liquidsbysayingthat themolecules in a liquidare notmoving aboutso fredyas themoleculesin agas andare verymuch closertogether.液体分子不像气体分子那样能自由地到处运动,而是比较紧密地聚集在一起,我们以此来解释气体和液体之间的区别(介词短语by saying...作方式方法状语,说明谓语explain)
24.For aboutthe last200years,the structuraltheory hasbeendeveloped byscientists,mathematicians andengineers,with theverypractical objectof providinga reliablebasis forthe designofstructures bycalculation.大约近200年来,科学家、数学家和工程师们发展了结构理论,其目的在于通过计算给结构物的设计工作提供可靠的基础(with...obiect...for...是介词复合结构,起目的状语作用)
25.By thequiet persistenceof thetruth-seekers,workingupstream againstthe flowof ancientprejudice,mankind hasenteredinto newrealm ofhealth,and theborderlines ofdeath havebeen pressedfartherback.由于真理探索者顶着守旧派偏见的逆流,默默无闻、坚持不懈地努力工作,人类才得以进入了新的健康王国,而死亡的界线则被抛到离我们更远的地方(介词短语By...truth-seekers用作原因状语,说明谓语动词hasenteredo
26.When aman picksup aweight fromthe floorand raisesit abovehishead,he hasin effectinserted hisbody betweenthe weightandthe earthand pushedthe weightone way with hishands,and theearththe otherwaywithhis feet.当一个人从地板上拿起重物并把它举到头顶上时,实际上他是把自己的身体置于重物与地面之间,他用双手朝着一个方向推着重物,而用双脚朝着另一方向推着地面(pickup,“拿起in effect,“实际上”one way,“朝着一个方向the otherway,〃朝着另一方向”这两个短语前均省略介词in,作状语and与the earth之间省略了谓语pushed)
27.But thisis notpossible becauseof the size of the country,with thedistance fromDehli toMadras,for example,being greaterthanthat fromLondon toRome.但这是不可能的,因为印度面积大,譬如,从德里到马德拉斯的距离,就比伦敦到罗马还要远(with,名词+分词的结构,可用作状语和定语句中with thedistance..being用作定语,对size进行补充说明that from...that代替distance)
28..Even atthis momentmany Ofthe earthsnatural treasuresarebeing destroyed,manyvaluable animalsand plantsare beenkilledoff,it isbecoming increasinglydifficult togrow enoughfoods topreservemuch of the earthspopulation fromstavation.甚至现在,地球上的许多自然财富正遭到破坏,许多珍稀动植物已面临灭绝之灾,为使地球上大多数人口免于饥饿而生产出足够的粮食也越来越困难了(to preserve...from,使免于)
29.If theEarth,Moon andSun moveinto adirect line,with theMoonin themiddle,the darkbody of the Moonblots outthe briliantdiskoftheSun,and wewitness asolar eslipse.假如地球、月球和太阳运行到一条直线上,月球在中间,那么月球的暗体就遮住了太阳的亮盘,于是我们便看到日食(with theMoon inthemiddle是with引出的介词复合结构,在句中起补充说明作用)
30.As naturalscience treatsofthemutual transformation,changes anddevelopment ofvarious kindsof matter,it isof greatImportancefor usto makea profoundstudy ofit so that wemay controlthephenomena ofnature.自于自然科学研究的是各种物质的相互转化、变化和发展,因而我们深入研究自然科学以便控制各种自然现象,这具有重大意义(treat of..,〃论述”带逻辑主体for us的不定式短涪to make...nature作主语,it是形式主语sothat引导目的状语从句be of..,“具有”)
31.With irrigationcame surplusfood,which meantthat largenumbersof peoplewere freedtrom theland to pursuenonagrarian specialities——technological developmentscholarshipfor itssakeand waro随着有了灌溉,粮食就有了剩余,这就意味着大批人就可解脱出来从事农业以外的工作一发展工艺,研究其学问一一甚至参加战争(with...“随着”,引导的短语作状语With theapproach ofsunsetit becamechilly,come surplusfood是彳到装语序,food是主语,came是谓语which引导特种定语从句,指上句话不定式topursue..waro有结果状语的意味)
32.First ofall,Kepler foundthat eachplanet goesaround thesuninacurve calledan ellipse,with thesun ata focusoftheellipse•开普勒首先发现了每个行星都以椭圆曲线绕太阳运行,太阳则位于椭圆的焦点(with thesun at,..为介词复合结构作状语,补充说明)
33.It shouldbe notedthat arocket doesnot dependon theatmospherefor itspropulsion,but wouldactually performbetter intheabsence ofan atmospherebecauseOf lessenedair resistance.应该注意,火箭的推力与大气无关,在没有大气的情况下,由于空气阻力减小,火箭实际上会运行得更好(intheabsence ofanatmosphere含有虚拟条件的意味)
34.Electrical poweris alwayscarried overlong distancesasa high-tension currentat low-currentstrength.It isalso sentasan alternatingcurrent,for suchcurrent iscomparatively easilytransformedeitherup ordownin voltage.电力总是以高电压低电流的方式进行远距离输送的,又是以交流电的形式送电的,因为这种交流电易于升压或降压(两个as构成的介词短语都用作方式方法状语,分别说明iscarried和issent)
35.Whenone considersthe immensechange inthesizeand reliabilityofcomputers andall otherelectronic devicesthat hastaken place,itis cleanthat computersfor doingthis typeof controlof movementaccordingto senseimpression willcertainly beavailable.当我们考虑到计算机和其他所有电子器件在尺寸和可靠性方面所发生的极大变化时,就不难明白,根据感觉进行这类活动控制的计算机一定会出现(for..movement是computers的定语,介词短®according・to senseimpression作状语,说明动名词doing)。