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综合测试（基础篇）阅读理解+七选五时间分钟满分分4050姓名得分阅读（共两节，满分分）50第一节（每题分，满分分）
2.
537.5阅读下列文章，从每题所给的、、、四个选项中选出最佳选项A BC DAALook atFour of the World-famous CollegesUniversity College London,England.United KingdomThisuniversity wasfounded withthe intentof openingeducation equallyand to all.In1878,University CollegeLondonbegan admittingwomen usingthe sameadmission standardsmen wereheld to.The collegewas thefirst in theUnited Kingdomto acceptstudents fromany classor religion.（学费）Tuition foreach studentcomes in at$31,
000.This pricedoes includefees forhousing,food,travel expensesandinsurance.University ofMelbourne,Melbourne,AustraliaIt openedin1853and isknown forits outstandingresearch andteaching programs.Research at the university in the（人工耳蜗），1970s ledto acochlear implantgiving morethan200,000patients worldwidehearing.Parents ofnative studentsexpect topay$24,500for thefirst termstuition andanother$19,500fbr roomand boardinresidential housing.University ofCambridge,England,United KingdomRecordsof the university reachback to1209when the area was an ancientRoman tradingpost,making itthe secondoldestuniversityin the UK.Cambridge currentlyhas21,000students witharound1,300of thosecoming from65differentcountries.Tuition for the bachelor programs likeengineering reaches$31,
000.Sarah LawrenceCollege,New York,United States（比彳列）Tt isknown for a diversestudent bodycoming from53different countries.The teacher/student ratioandpersonalized coursesof studyattract studentsfrom the United Statesand abroad.Undergraduates carrying30credits willpay$51,196for tuition.The costto attendSarah Lawrencemay seemprohibitiveto many,but adegree from this honouredcollege canopen manydoors forgraduates.
1.When didUniversity CollegeLondon startto admitwomen onequal termswith menA.In
1209.B.Inl
853.C.In
1878.D.In
1887.
2.Which collegedeveloped adevice to benefit peoplewith hearinglossA,University ofMelbourne.B.Sarah LawrenceCollege.C.University ofCambridge.D.University CollegeLondon.
3.What dothe lasttwo collegeshave incommonA,They justoffer thebachelorprograms.B.They featurethe highestcost ofboard.C.They arelocated in theUnited Kingdom.D.They arefavoured byinternational students.【答案】
1.C
2.A
3.D【导语】本文是一篇应用文文章主要介绍了四所世界名校细节理解题根据标题下
1.University CollegeLondon,England,United Kingdom“In1878,UniversityCollegeLondonbegan admittingwomen usingthe sameadmission standardsmen wereheldto.（自1878年开始，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生）可知，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生是自年开始故选项1878C细节理解题根据标题下
2.University ofMelbourne,Melbourne,Australia“Research attheuniversityin the1970s led（人工耳蜗）,（世纪年代，该大toacochlear implantgiving morethan200,000patients worldwidehearing.^^2070学的研究开发了一种人工耳蜗，为全球多万患者提供了听力）可知，世纪年代，墨尔本大学研发出202070人工耳蜗，造福全世界多万听障人士故选项20A推理判断题根据标题下
3.University ofCambridge,England,UnitedKingdom“Cambridge currentlyhas21,000（剑桥大学目前有名学生，其中约students witharound1,300of thosecoming from65different countries.^^21000人来自个不同的国家）及标题下130065Sarah LawrenceCollege,New York,United States“It isknown for a diverse（它以来自个不同国家的多样化学生群体而闻名）可知，剑student bodycoming from53different countries.53桥大学和莎拉・劳伦斯学院都深受国际生青睐故选D项BJim foundhimself exhaustedduring atrip.When hecame home,he wentto seea doctor.The reasonI wastired,“Jim（肾脏）says,“was thatmy kidneyswere gone.”（透析）Jim,69,a formerAir Forcepilot,immediately starteddialysis threedays aweek.A personof hisage ondialysisusually livesonly aboutfour years.Transplants area long-shot alternative.The NationalKidney Foundationestimates that13people dieevery daywhile waitingfor adonor withthe right blood and tissue types.Jims wife,nephew andfour familyfriends offeredbut werenta match.Jim wasso discouragedthat he was even（铁哥们）.considering notattending areunion ofsome Air Force buddiesBut hiswife encouragedhim toreunite with hisold friends,among whomwas onehe hadntseen in50years:Doug Coffman.The twohad metwhen theyboth werelearningVietnamese beforethey wentoverseas.Doug,then70,felt astrong bondwithhisband ofbrothers,even thoughhe hadntseen someof themin decades.Theirconnection wentbeyond thebattlefield inways mostsoldiers neverexperience.Doug hadreceived helpfrom hisfriends when he wasin trouble,so hefelt likeit wasa timethat hecould paythatahead by donating a kidney to Jim.Fortunately,series oftesting revealednot onlythat Dougstissue typematched Jimsbutalso that he hadthe kidneysof a35-year-old.The transplantwasasuccess.Ifs prettymiraculous tobe ableto takean organout ofone persons body——a livingorgan—put itin another personsbody,and haveit work,“Doug says.And theresnothing finerthan knowingIve helpedanotherperson live a better life.
4.From thistext weknow thatKidney transplant is.A.Expensive B.dangerous C.a matterof luckD.an unwisechoice
5..How oldwas Jimwhenhewent overseasA.About
17.B.About
19.C.About
22.D.About
25.
6.What canwe inferfrom Dougswords inthe last paragraphA.Doug ishappy to donate akidney toJim.B.Jim ishaving abetterlifethan Doug.C.The kidneytransplantisvery successful.D.Modern medicalscience isvery advanced.
7.What is the themeof thistext
1.Good luck.B.An operation.C.Paying itforward.D.Good relationship.【答案】
4.C
5.B
6.A
7.C【导语】这是一篇记叙文讲述了多年不见的老朋友为其捐肾的感人故事Jim Doug推理判断题由第二段中的第三句.（移植是一个希望渺茫的选择广以
4.Transplants arelong-shot alternative及最后一句The NationalKidney Foundationestimatesthat13people dieevery daywhile waitingforadonor withthe（美国国家肾脏基金会估计，每天有人在等待合适的血液和组织类型的捐赠者时rightbloodandtissuetypes.13死亡户可知，肾移植是一个希望渺茫的替代方案美国肾脏基金会估计每天都有人在等待一个有合适的血13型和器官组织类型的捐赠者的时候死去由此可见，肾移植要靠机会和运气结合选项可知，选项正确C细节理解题由第二段第一句中（透析）
5.“Jim,69,a formerAirForcepilot,immediately starteddialysis threetimesaweek（.现年69岁的Jim曾是一名空军飞行员，他立即开始每周透析三次）”和第三段中“But hiswife encouraged（但他的妻him toreunite withhis oldfriends,among whomwas onehe hadntseen fornearly50years:Doug Coffman.子鼓励他与老朋友团聚，其中有一位他已近50年未见的朋友:道格・科夫曼（DougCoffman）户可知，Jim,69岁，一位前空军飞行员，立即开始了一周三次的透析但是他的妻子鼓励他去和他的老朋友们重新团聚，在他们之中，有一个是他儿乎年没见的人由此可知，出国参战的时候是岁，他当时59Doug CoffmanJim69-50=19o大约岁结合选项可知，选项正确19B推理判断题根据最后一段的最后一句
6.“And theresnothing finerthan knowingIve helpedanotherpersonlivea没有什么比知道我帮助了另一个人过上更好的生活更美好的了「）”可知，能为捐肾，Jim感到很高兴故选项正确Doug A推理判断题由第五段中的第一句
7.Doug hadreceived helpfrom hisfriends whenhewasin trouble,so hefelt likeit（在遇到困难的时候得到了朋友们的帮助，was timethathecould paythat aheadbydonatingakidneytoJim Doug所以他觉得是时候把肾捐给了广可知，曾在他困难的时候收到了他朋友的帮助，所以他觉得这是他通JimDoug过捐肾给把爱传递由此可见，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了把爱传递下去结合选项可知，选项正确Jim CCWhat is lifeLike mostgreat questions,this oneis easy to askbut difficultto answer.The reasonis simple:we knowofjust onetype oflife andifs challengingtodoscience witha samplesize ofone.The fieldof artificial life-called ALifeforshort-is thesystematic attemptto spellout lifesfundamental principles.Many ofthese practitioners,so-called ALifers,think thatsomehow makinglife isthe surestway toreally understandwhat lifeis.So farno onehas convincinglymade artificial life.This trackrecord makesALife aripe targetfor criticism,such asdeclarations ofthefields doubtfulscientific value.Alan Smith,a complexityscientist,is tiredof suchcomplaints.Askingabout the point“of ALifemight be,well,missing thepoint entirely,he says.The existenceof aliving systemis notaboutthe use of anything.Alan says.Some peopleask meJ Sowhats theworth of artificial life9Do youever think,What istheworth ofyour grandmother9As muchas manyALifers hateemphasizing theirresearchs applications,the attemptsto create artificial life couldhave practicalpayoffs.Artificial intelligencemay beconsidered ALiffescousin inthat researchersin bothfields are（演化）enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution,This isthe capacityforasystem to create essentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobea sortof noveltygenerator”.The onlysystem knownto exhibitthis isEarths biosphere.If thefield ofALifemanages toreproduce lifesendless“creativity“in somevirtual model,those sameprinciples couldgive riseto trulyinventivemachines.Compared withthe developmentsof Al,advances inALife areharder torecognize.One reasonis thatALife isa fieldinwhich thecentral concept—life itself—is undefined.The lackof agreementamong ALifersdoesnt helpeither.Theresult isa diverseline ofprojects thateach advancealong theirunique paths.For betteror worse,ALife mirrorsthe very（混乱的）（平行线）subject itstudies.Its muddledprogression isa strikingparallel to the evolutionarystruggles thathaveshaped Earthbiosphere.Undefined anduncontrolled,ALife drivesits followersto repurposeold ideas and generatednovelty.It may be,ofcourse,that thesecharacteristics arentin anyway surprisingor singular.They mayapply universallyto allacts ofevolution.Ultimately ALifemay benothing special.But eventhis dismissalsuggests somethingperhaps,just likelifeitself throughout the universe,the riseof ALifewill proveunavoidable.
8.Regarding Alan Smiths defenceof ALife,the authoris_.A.supportive B.puzzled C.unconcerned D.doubtful
9.What doesthe wordenamored“underlined inParagraph3most probablymeanA.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.
10.What canwe learnfromthispassageA.ALife holdsthe keyto humanfuture.B.ALife andAI sharea commonfeature.C.AI mirrorsthe developmentsof ALife.D.AI speedsup theprocess ofhuman evolution.
11.Which wouldbe thebest titleforthepassageA.Life IsUndefined.Can AIBe aWay OutB.Life Evolves.Can AlHelp ALife Evolve,TooC.Life IsUndefined.Can ALifeBe DefinedOne DayD.Life Evolves.Can Attemptsto CreateALifeEvolve,Too【答案】
8.A
9.C
10.B
11.D【导语】本文为说明文文章主要探讨了是否也在不断地进化的问题ALife推理判断题根据第三段
8.As muchas manyALifers hateemphasizing theirresearchs applications,the attemptsto.（尽管许多讨厌强调他们研究的应用,但创造人工生命的尝createartificiallifecouldhave practicalpayoffs ALifer试可能会有实际的回报）“可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“S farno onehasconvincingly madeartificiallife.This trackrecord makesALife aripe targetfor criticism,such asdeclarationsofthe fieldsdoubtfulscientific value.Alan Smith,a complexityscientist,is tiredof suchcomplaints.Asking about“thepoint”of ALifemightbe,well,missing thepoint entirely,he says.The existenceof aliving systemis notabout theuseofanything.Alansays.Some peopleask meJ Sowhafs theworth ofartificiallife9Do youever thinkJ Whatistheworth ofyourgrandmother，”（至目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨他说，询问的ALife“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关说“有人问我，‘那Alan么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？”了可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于对的辩护，作者表示支持Alan SmithAlanSmithALife故选A词句猜测题根据划线词上文
9.“Artificial intelligencemay beconsidered ALiffescousin inthat researchersin both（演化）（人工智能可能被认为是的表亲,因fields are enamored bya conceptcalled open-ended evolution.ALife为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念）可知,人工智能可能被认为是的表亲，enamored”ALife说明人工智能和二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念ALife所吸引，所以才有了这种观点故划线词意为“吸引故选C推理判断题根据第三段
10.Artificial intelligencemay beconsidered ALifbscousin inthat researchersin bothfields（演化）.（人匚智能可能被认为是的表亲，因为这areenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-ended evolutionALife两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引广可知，和有一个共同的特点故选ALife AIB主旨大意题根据最后一段
11.They mayapply universallyto allacts ofevolution.Ultimately ALifemaybenothingspecial.But eventhis dismissalsuggests something:perhaps,just likelife itselfthroughouttheuniverse,the riseof ALife.（它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为最终，可能没有什么特别的但即使是这种will proveunavoidable ALife否定也表明了一些事情也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，的崛起将被证明是不可避免的户结合文ALife章主要探讨了是否也在不断地进化选项“生命在进化创造的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适ALife DALife的标题故选DD（星际的）Scientists andengineers arepreparing forpossible travelinto interstellarspace,theareain betweenstars,inthedistant future.A newreport examines the possibleproblem ofchanges inlanguage onlong spacetrips.TwoAmerican researchershave exploredone possibleproblem withsuch travel.They consideredthe possibilitythat changesinhuman language could develop overtime and lead to major communication problems with people on Earth.The languageexperts areprofessors AndrewMcKenzie fromthe Universityof Kansas,and JeffreyPunske ofSouthernIllinois University.The tworecently publisheda paper,which considersvery longtrips necessaryto reachinterstellarspace,estimated tobe about18billion kilometersfrom Earth.It alsoexaminesthe possibility offuture（殖民地的开拓）colonization ofdistant stars.Languages naturallychange ascommunities growmore isolatedfrom eachother,the researchers note inthe paper.The longisolation ofa communitycould leadto enoughdifferences inlanguage to make itimpossible forcommunitymembers back home tounderstand.If you,re onthis spaceshipfbr10generations,new conceptsand socialissues willemerge,and peoplewill createways oftalking about them,“McKenzie saidinastatement.Such vocabularywould becomespecificto onlythat spaceship.“People on Earth mightnever knowabout thesewords,unless theresa reasonto tellthem.And thefurther awayyouget,the lessyoure goingto talkto peoplebackhomeJ McKenzie said.The researchersnoted thatin additionto newwordsbeing used,the languageof peopletraveling on spaceships and living in colonies would experience many other changes.For example,the soundsof differentletters would likely change overtime,affecting notonly individualwords,but thewhole grammatical system”,the paperstates.Major changesin wordand sentencestructure couldalso createsystematic languagebarriers overtime,the researcherssaid.Given moretime,new grammaticalforms cancompletely replacecurrent onesJ McKenziesaid.
12.Whatisthepossible resultof longspace travelaccording tothe researchA.It maybring aboutmany languagebarriers.B.People maysuffer frommental problems.C.It maychange peoplesliving environment.D.People couldcommunicate moreeasily onEarth.
13.What doesthe underlinedword“isolation inparagraph3most probablymeanA.Connection.B.Distribution.C.Loneliness.D.Separation.
14.What canwe inferaboutthe language usedon spaceshipsfrom paragraph4A.It willform itsown languagesystem.B.It willreplace thecurrent languagesoon.C.It can be understoodby peopleonEarth.D.It can be usedto communicatewith aliens.
15..Why doesthe authormention McKenzieinthelastparagraphA.To presentthe waytocreatenew languages.B,To explainthe reasonfor languageproblems.C.To stressthe inevitabletrend oflanguage changing.D.To showthe importanceof new grammatical systems.【答案】
12.A
13.D
14.A
15.C【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了一项研究表明长时间太空旅行的可能结果是它可能会带来很多语言障碍细节理解题根据第一段
12.They consideredthepossibilitythat changesin humanlanguagecoulddevelopovertime.（他们考虑到人类语言的变化可能会随着时间的推andleadtomajorcommunicationproblemswithpeopleonEarth移而发展，并导致与地球上的人的主要交流问题户可知，长时间太空旅行的可能结果是它可能会带来很多语言障碍故选A词句猜测题根据划线词上文
13.Languages naturallychange ascommunities growmore isolatedfrom eachother,the（研究人员在论文中指出，随着社区变得更加孤立，语言自然会发生变化）”可知，researchersnoteinthe paper.一个社区的长期分隔可能会导致语言上的差异，使社区成员无法理解故划线词意思是“分隔”故选D推理判断题根据倒数第二段
14.“The researchersnoted thatin additionto newwords beingused,thelanguageofpeople travelingonspaceshipsandlivingincolonieswouldexperiencemanyotherchanges.For example,the soundsofdifferent letterswouldlikelychangeovertime,affecting notonly individualwords,but thewholegrammaticalsystem”,.（研究人员指出，除了使用新词外，在宇宙飞船上旅行和在殖民地生活的人的语言还会发生许thepaperstates多其他变化例如，不同字母的发音可能会随着时间的推移而改变，不仅影响单个单词，还会影响整个“语法系统可推知，宇宙飞船上使用的语言将形成自己的语言体系故选A推理判断题根据最后一段
15.Major changesin wordand sentencestructure couldalso createsystematic language」barriers overtime,the researcherssaid.Given moretime,newgrammaticalforms cancompletely replacecurrent ones（研究人员说，单词和句子结构的重大变化也会造成长期的系统性语言障碍“如果给更多的时McKenziesaid.间，新的语法形式可以完全取代现有的，“麦肯齐说）“可推知，作者在最后一段提到了麦肯齐是为了强调语言变化的必然趋势故选C第二节（共小题；每小题分,满分分）
52.
512.5Worried aboutthe climate16Here aresome examplesto getyou started.•Count thebirds andthe beesGet closer to nature by becoming a citizen scientist.You couldbe counting birds in your garden,butterflies,insectsand flowers,or evenreptiles andhedgehogs.17Ifs afun groupactivity,and yourdata canhelp scientistsbetter understandtheimpact ofhuman behaviouron naturalhabitats.・18Media headlinescanbealarming whenit comestothe climate and nature crisisor ignoringthe issuescompletely.（合作）Hosting alocal discussioncan allowspace forreflection,debate,ideas andcollaboration to take action on globalissuesat alocal level.•Set upa libraryof thingsInternet shopping has made it too easyto buy new stuff atthe click ofa button.19First,ifll clutter（凌舌地塞）荫）L your house,then itllclutter theplanet.Setting upa libraryof thingscan encouragelocal peopleto shareeverything from tools to instruments,cooking gadgets to toys.•Start aclimate emergency centre（废弃土也）
20.Thats whymore andmore climateemergency centresare poppingup inderelict shopson highstreetsand in shopping centres.A climateemergencycentrecanbea spacefor eventssuch asan exhibitionon plasticwaste oraworkshop tolearn howtomakeeco-cleaning products.It canalso bea wayto motivatemore peopletotakeaction.A.Cooperate withyour localsB,But where is it all goingto endupC.Host aclimate and nature discussionD.But howhave weconsumed thethingsE.The climate andnaturecrisis isntgoing awayF.There arelots ofcitizen scienceprojects totake partinG.Small localactions withneighbors,local businessesand politicianscan makea difference【答案】
16.G
17.F
18.C
19.B
20.E【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章提供了个人可以采取的行动来应对气候变化和保护环境的例子，包括参与公民科学项目、举办关于气候和自然问题的当地讨论、建立共享物品的图书馆，以及建立气候紧急中心以提高意识并激发行动根据空前（担心气候吗？）“及空后（这
16.“Worried abouttheclimateHere aresome examplesto getyou started.里有一些例子可以帮助你开始）”可推出，空处应该与解决上文的问题有关，G项“Small localactions withneighbors,（当地与邻居、当地企业和政治家的小行动可以带来改变）”local businessesand politicianscan makea difference承上启下，下文顺接项，文章也将会从当地与邻居、当地企业和政治家的角度展开陈述解决办法，上下文衔G接连贯，故选项G根据上文
17.“Getclosertonaturebybecomingacitizen scientist.You couldbe countingbirds inyour garden,butterflies,.（通过成为一名公民科学家来接近自然你可以数花园里的鸟、insects andflowers,or evenreptiles andhedgehogs蝴蝶、昆虫和鲜花，甚至是爬行动物和刺猬）”，下文“Its afun groupactivity,and yourdata canhelp scientistsbetter（这是——个有趣的小组活动，你的数据可以帮助科understand theimpact ofhuman behaviouron naturalhabitats.学家更好地理解人类行为对自然栖息地的影响户可知，作为居民，成为公民科学家，通过观察花园里的各种动植物来帮助积累数据，帮助科学家更好地解决问题，项（有F“There arelots ofcitizen scienceprojects totake partin很多公民科学项目可以参与）”,句中与上文的呼应，话题——致，citizen scienceprojects acitizenscientistprojects贝!）指代上文的上下文countingbirdsinyourgarden,butterflies,insects andflowers,or evenreptiles andhedgehogs,衔接连贯，故选项F根据下文（合作）
18.“Hosting alocal discussioncan allowspace fbrreflection,debate,ideasandcollaboration totake（举办地方讨论可以为反思、辩论、想法和合作提供空间，以便在地方一级actiononglobal issuesat alocal level.就全球问题采取行动广可知，本段主要介绍了举办有关气候问题的社区讨论来警示人们，题型人们关注气候自然危机并采取行动，项（主持一场气候和自然的讨论）”可以概括本段C“Host aclimateandnature discussion主旨，为复现词，上下文话题一致故选项Hosting alocal discussionC根据上文（网上购物使得点击
19.“Internetshoppinghasmadeittooeasytobuynewstuffattheclickofabutton.一个按钮就能买到新东西变得太容易了）“，下文（凌乱地塞满）“First,ifll clutteryourhouse,then ifllclutter theplanet.Setting upa libraryof thingscan encouragelocal peopleto shareeverything fromtools toinstruments,cooking（首先，它会凌乱地塞满你的房子，然后它会塞满地球建立一个物品图书馆可以鼓励当地人分gadgetsto toys.享一切，从工具到仪器，从烹饪用具到玩具户可知，网购很容易，网购的东西，从工具到仪器,从烹饪用具到玩具，太多了，可以分享给他人，由此推出，空处应该谈及太多网购东西的处置，故项“B Butwhereisitallgoing（但这一切会在哪里结束呢）“，与下文to endup shareeverythingfromtoolstoinstruments,cooking gadgetstotoys呼应，上下文衔接连贯，故选项B根据下文（废弃地）
20.“Thats whymore andmore climateemergency centresare poppingup inderelict shopson high（这就是为什一么越来越多的气候应急中心出现在商业街和购物中心的废弃商店streets andinshoppingcentres.里厂可知，设空处为导致越来越多的气候应急中心出现的原因项E“The climateandnaturecrisis isntgoing away（气候和自然危机并没有消失广，与下文为因果关系，上下文衔接连贯故选项E。
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