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A第讲推理判断题16(讲义)雉王里判断是西咨亚•心言神石出矢口僚理1R目承描枝斤命侬栖衽、I方H、、彳正SAW i£biw蹿斤Rfi|-^-:皿点0JKHW作密电史女金出处血定作时K生提升-心看磔型归纳X是西况戋悟【复习目标】熟练语篇类型和语篇结构明确命题规律和提问方式掌握不同题型的解题方法掌握阅读理解高频同义词转换【考情分析】近三年新高考阅读理解推理判断理题细目表202320222021卷别年份【网络构建】新高考I卷766命题规律、命题方式新高考n卷742【解析】推理判断题根据We offer the推理判断题概述newest bicyclesin awide variety,including正确选项特征(刹车),(排挡),干扰项特征basic bikes with foot brake bikes with hand brake and gears bikes with child seats,and.(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车,包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带childrens bikes儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知,的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车故选MacBike B(年新高考卷篇)
2.2023I CIn the final chapter of part one,Ill guideyou throughcarrying outyour owndigital declutter.In doingso,Ill drawonan experiment I ran in2018in whichover1,600people agreedto performa digital declutter.提升必考题型归纳•Youll hearthese participants9stories andlearn whatstrategies workedwell forthem,and whattrapsthey encounteredthat youshould avoid.真题感悟
30.What ispresented inthe finalchapter ofpart oneA.Theoretical models.B.Statistical methods.C.Practical examples.D.Historical analyses.【答案】c【解析】推理判断题通过文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,Til guideyou throughcarrying outyour owndigitaldeclutter.In doingso,Ill drawon anexperimentIranin2018in whichover1,600people agreedto performa(在第一部分的最后一章中,我将指导您进行自己的数字清理在这样做的过程中,我将借鉴digitaldeclutter.我在年进行的一项实验,在该实验中,多人同意进行数字清理厂可推知,第一部分的最后一章介绍20181600了实验与数字清理的实际例子故选C推理判断题概述夯基•必备基础知识梳理・命题规律推理判推理判断题是断题高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一,包括推理和判断两个方面,是考生失分率夯基较高的题型考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,进行逻辑推理,对文章的细节、必备基作者的态度、意图础知识作出正确推理判断的能力分析今年高考题可知,推断题呈不断上升的趋势,且梳理由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力,难度比之前有所增加预计年高考推理判断题仍旧占比题左右20247题型和考查角度.高频考点隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度
1.低频考点文章出处、文章结构、目标读者2预计年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中,更是侧重对推理判断题的考查2024错误原因主观臆断
1.缺乏逻辑
2.过度推理
3.缺乏常识
4.知识点一隐含推断类选项特征正确选项特征例句对原文句子中的关键词进行替换,成为正确选项同义替换正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化,设置为答案语言简化词性或语态的变化改变原文重点词性或语态,给考生制造了某些障碍干扰项特征例句张冠李戴为原文内容,但与题目文不对题,不符合题目要求••在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动偷梁换柱正误参半选项内容部分正确,部分错误颠倒是非与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反无中生有符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及以偏概全或以全概偏如等绝对词与文章意almost,all,nearly,never,completely,扩缩范围义不符.夯基•必备基础知识梳理锁定关键词根据题干关键词(推断),(表明,暗示),(得出结论),(暗示,象征)infer suggestconclude indicate,imply(暗示)(假定,设想)迅速确定题型,assume解题指导()浏览选项,首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项1()抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后,要善于抓住关键信息去2分析判断;()整合全文/段信息进行推断有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上,整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行3综合推断,才能确定最佳选项无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文,避免主观臆断【真题典例】(年新高考卷篇)
1.2023I BEcologicaldesign^^is thename Johngives towhat hedoes.Life onEarth iskind of a boxof spareparts fbrtheinventor,he says.You putorganisms innew relationshipsand observewhafs happening.Then youlet thesenew systemsdevelop their own ways to self-repair.”
27.What is the basisfor JohnsworkA.Nature canrepair itself.B.Organisms needwater tosurvive.C.Life onEarth isdiverse.D.Most tinycreatures livein groups.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段You putorganisms innew relationshipsand observewhafs happening.Then you.(你把生物体放在新的关系中,观察会发生什么然后let thesenew systemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式户可知,约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复故选A知识点二观点态度类f夯基-必备基础知识梳理锁定关键词根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等,如(态度),(优秀的,attitude outstanding突出的),(不同意),(有希望的),(反对),(赞成),迅速确定disagree hopefullyagainst infavor of题型解题指导()认真审题,明确“谁对谁”的态度,明确答题方向1()关注段落首尾句,推断文章和段落主题,确定观点2()注意作者或文中人物的措辞3()分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思,切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点;4()牢记观点态度的常见词语5例词观点态度(积极的)、(支持的)、(乐观的)positive supportiveoptimistic支持肯定(幽默的)、(热情的)、(愉快的);humorous enthusiasticpleasant(中立的)、(客观的)、(未提及的)、neutral objectivenot mentioneduninterested中立(不感兴趣的)、(漠不关心的);indifferent(否定的)、(怀疑的)、(憎恶的)(批negative suspicious/skeptical disgustedcritical否定反对评的)、(失望的)、(不赞成的)disappointed disapproving【真题典例】(年新高考卷篇)2023H DIn a follow-up studywith100university studentsthe researcherstried toget abetter senseof whatthe groupmembersactually didin theirdiscussion.Did theytend togo withthose mostconfident abouttheir estimatesDid theyfollowthose leastwilling tochange theirminds Thishappened someof thetime,but itwasnt thedominant response.Most frequently,the groupsreported thatthey sharedarguments andreasoned together.Somehow,these argumentsandreasoning resultedin aglobal reductionin error.Although thestudies ledby Navajashave limitationsand manyquestionsremain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making areenormous.
15.What is the authorsattitude towardNavajas5studiesA.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段内容“Although thestudies ledby Navajashave limitationsand manyquestions(尽管领导的研究remain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-making areenormous.Navajas有局限性,仍存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的广可知,作者认为虽然领导的Navajas研究有局限性也存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大因此推断作者对于的研究表示一Navajas定的赞许和支持故选D知识点三写作意图类■夯基-必备基础知识梳理锁定关键词根据题干关键词目的,打算,想要告诉我们,purpose intendto wantto tellus...write this passage to写这篇文章为了迅速确定题型解题指导根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图;1根据文体推断写作意图2记叙文通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言,且往往有一定的哲理性,所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开;to tella story,to entertainreaders,to sharean experience...应用文文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍,使用具有明显倾向性的语言t sell,to attract,to persuade,to promote...说明文其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握,应找准主题句to introduce,to explain,to inform,to make;comparisons...议论文一般开头提出某论点,中间进行论证,最后得出结论,写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中【真题典例】年新高考卷篇2023II BOver the yearsJohn hastaken onmany bigjobs.He developeda greenhouse-like facilitythat treatedsewage(污水)from1,600homes inSouth Burlington.He alsodesigned aneco-machine toclean canalwater in Fuzhou,a cityinsoutheast China.
26.What is the authorspurpose inmentioning FuzhouA.To reviewJohns researchplans.B.To showan applicationof Johnsidea.C.To compareJohns differentjobs.D.To erasedoubts aboutJohns invention.【答案】B[详解]推理判断题根据“Overtheyears,John hastaken onmany bigjobs.He developeda greenhouse-like facility亏水)that treatedsewage Cfrom1,600homes inSouth Burlington.He alsodesigned aneco-machine toclean canalwater(这些年来,约翰承担了许多重大工作他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以inFuzhou,a cityin southeastChina.处理来自南伯灵顿户家庭的污水他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)“可推1600知识点文章出处或写作对象类知,作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用故选B.夯基-必备基础知识梳理锁定关键词根据设题方式迅速确定题型This passagewould bemost likelyto befound in.The passageis probably taken from.Where doesthis textprobably comefromWhich sectionofamagazine isthispassageprobably takenfromThe textis intendedfor.解题指导根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象1根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题2广告语言简洁鲜明,有亮点;报刊时事性强,分不同板块,高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主;杂志覆盖生活各个层面,更贴近幕后,更贴近生活;产品说明书对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍;药品说明说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等;网络文体不限,找到等网络标志【真题典例】click here,download,up-load,link,mouse,surf年新高考卷篇
1.2023II CReading Art:Art for Book Loversis acelebration ofan everydayobject——the book,represented herein almostthree hundred artworks from museums around the world.The imageof thereader appearsthroughout history,in artmadelong beforebooks aswe nowknow themcame intobeing.In artistsrepresentations ofbooks andreading,we seemomentsof sharedhumanity thatgo beyondculture andtime.In thisbook ofbooks Jartworks areselected andarranged in a waythat emphasizesthese connectionsbetween differenterasand cultures.We seescenes ofchildren learningto readat homeor atschool,with the book asa focusfor relationsbetweenthe generations.
8.Where isthe textmost probablytaken fromA.An introductionto abook.B.An essayon theart ofwriting.C.A guidebookto amuseum.D.A reviewof modernpaintings.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题通读全文,再根据文章第一用“Reading Art:Art forBook Loversis acelebration ofan everydayobject-thebook,represented herein almostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.{ReadingArt:Art这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼,这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)forBookLovers以及第二段第一句可推知,本文最有可能出自一世界各地的收藏品的一本书故选In thisbook ofbooks”A(年新高考卷篇)
2.2023I AGrading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.()Essays60%Your fourmajor essayswill combineto formthe mainpart of the gradefor this course:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.
21.Where isthis textprobablytakenfromA.A textbook.B.An exampaper.C.A courseplan.D.An academicarticle.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题根据文章标题(文学概论课程评分办法)”和“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature()部分(你的Essays60%“Your fourmajor essayswill combineto formthe mainpart ofthe gradeof forthiscourse四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知,文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法由此推知,本文是出自一个课程计划故选项C.提升•必考题型归纳考向一隐含推断题(届福建省厦门一中高三二模试题篇)
1.2023CToo muchtime spenton gaming,smartphones andwatching televisionis linkedto heightenedlevels anddiagnoses(诊断)of anxietyor depression in children as youngas age2,according toa newstudy.What dowe knowabout Twengeand Campbelfsstudy accordingto paragraph2A.It requiresfurther research.B,It bringschildren lesscomfort.C.It needsgreater abilityto finish.D.It generatesmore publicconcern.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题根据文章第二段“They wereparticularly interestedin associationsbetween screentime and(他们对屏幕使用时间与diagnoses ofanxiety anddepressioninyouth,which hasnot yetbeen studiedin greatdetail.青少年焦虑和抑郁诊断之间的关系特别感兴趣,这一点尚未得到详细研究户可推断,和的研Twenge Campbell究还需要更进一步故选A考向二观点态度题There aretimes whenyou areat acritical crossroadswith astudent andthe roadyou choosewill makeall thedifference.I knewat thatmoment theright thingto dowas tokneel downnext toher chair,and softlysay,Youre right,Laura.I haveused mywords unwiselyand unkindly.Will youforgive me^^She lookedme inthe eyeand simplysaid,“Yes,I forgiveyou,Mrs.Ekre.Tm sorry,too.”Which wordscan bestdescribe thewriterA.Caring butstubborn.B.Tolerant andopen-minded.C.Strict andchangeable.D.Sincere andflexible.【答案】B[解析】推理判断题,根据I knewat thatmoment theright thingto dowas tokneel downnext toher chair,and softlysay,Youre right,Laura.I haveused mywords unwiselyand unkindly.Will youforgive me”She lookedme inthe eye(我知道那一刻正确的做法是跪在她的椅子旁边,轻and simplysaid,“Yes,I forgiveyou,Mrs.Ekre.Tm sorry,too.声说“你说得对,劳拉我用词不明智和不友善你会原谅我吗?她看着我的眼睛,简单地说“是的,我原谅你,埃克雷太太我也很抱歉”户可知,作者委身向学生诚挚地道歉并征得她的原谅,可以看出Laura作者的宽容与豁达故选项B考向三写作意图题(届湖南省九校联盟第二次联考英语试题)2023(茉莉花)“How beautifulthe jasmineis!A sweetsmell coversthe buddingtwigs.So fragrant,so white,admired byalllips.The famedChinese folksong JasmineFlower hasreached aglobal audiencewith itsbeautiful melody and lyrics.Equally popularisthetraditionally madeJasmine tea,whose elegantfragrance andmellow taste fascinate countless teadrinkers.What isthe authorspurpose ofquoting the song JasmineFlower A.To tellus notto neglectthesong.B,To showthe popularityofthesong.C.To introducethe topic-Jasmine tea.D.To clarifythe originof Jasmine tea.【答案】c【解析】推理判断题根据The famedChinese folksong JasmineFlower hasreached aglobal audiencewith itsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.Equally popularisthetraditionally madeJasminetea,whose elegantfragrance andmellow.(中国著名民歌《茉莉花》以其优美的旋律和歌词赢得了全球观众的喜爱tastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers同样受欢迎的是传统的茉莉花茶,其优雅的香气和醇香的口感吸引了无数饮茶者)”以及下文对传统茉莉花茶的详细介绍,可知本文第一段段首用著名的中国民歌《茉莉花》来引出文章主题——茉莉花茶故选C考向四文章出处或写作对象题(届湖北省华中师范大学附中二检试题)2023•How toEnter:
1.Select howmany imagesyou wantto enter.
2.Follow thecheck-out processto paythe entryfee.
3.Select yourimages andupload;click hereto start.If possible,please nameeach imagewith yourname andthe categoryyou aresubmitting likethis:FirstName-LastName-Category.jpg,•Deadline:March31,2023Where canyou seethis textprobablyA.In aphotography magazine.B.Inaphotography guidebookC.On awebsite.D.In aniPhone manualbook.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题根据部分中的.(选择您的图How toEnter“Select yourimages andupload;click hereto start片并上传;单击此处开始)”可知,此处表明要在网上上传照片,并点击此处开始,由此推知,该文出现在网上故选项C(年新高考卷篇)
1.2023I AWhyMacBikeMacBike hasbeen aroundfor almost30years andisthebiggest bicyclerental companyin Amsterdam.With over2,500bikes storedin ourfive rental shops atstrategic locations,we makesure thereis alwaysa bikeavailable foryou.We(刹车),offerthenewest bicyclesinawide variety,including basicbikeswithfootbrakebikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,and childrensbikes.
21.What isan advantageof MacBikeA.It giveschildrenadiscount.B.It offersmany typesof bikes.C.It organizesfree cycletours.D.It hasover2,500rentalshops.【答案】B。