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A第讲名词性从句12(讲义)目录名词性从句名词性从句的证础知炽连掇词用法即析夯基•必普基?i出矢口识梳王里主语从句穴语从句表语从旬同位谙从旬提升•必考题型归纳【复习目标】掌握连接代词和连接副词以及从属连词的用法掌握主语从句的考点掌握宾语从句的考点掌握表语从句的考点掌握同位语从句的考点【考情分析】名词从句是英语高考常考点之一在高考中主要考查点有考查名词从句连接词(特别是what/that/whether在名词从句中的运用)、形式主语句式、形式宾语句式、名词从句和定语从句的区别等名词从句的考查it it常出现在高考试题中的语法填空,句子翻译中年新高考卷语法填空中考查表语从句,预计年高考名词性从句仍旧是考试热点,解题及翻译2023n2024时应当注意名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句、强调句、并列句、简单句的甄别年份卷别题号名词性从句近年高考真题名词性从句考点细目表我不知道他将何时回来I madea promiseto myselfthat thisyear,my thirdyear inSenior school,would bedifferent.我向自己保证今年——我高中的第三年—将会是不同的一年易错点同位语从句的结构与定语从句的结构极其相似,但同位语从句是对前面的表示抽象概念的名词的内容作进一步地解释说明,而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制区分技巧引导定语从句时,既起引导词的作用,又在从句中充当句子成分;如果在从句中作宾语that that that还可以省略,所修饰的名词指物时可用替换which引导同位语从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,不能省略thatthat(同位语从句)他们赢得比赛的消息很快The newsthat they had won the gamesoon spreadover the whole school.传遍了整个学校The news(that)you toldme yesterdaywas reallydisappointing.(定语从句)你昨天告诉我的消息真的令人失望.提升•必考题型归纳考向一连接代词
1.(2023届湖北省高考冲刺模拟试卷英语试题)you canlearn from the antphilosophy is:Never giveup,look ahead,stay positiveand doall you can.【答案】What【解析】考查主语从句句意你可以从蚂蚁哲学中学到的是永不放弃,向前看,保持积极的态度,尽你所能分析句子结构可知,是主语从句,从句缺宾语,指代学到的事情,故you canlearn fromthe antphilosophy”用引导故填what What
2.(2023河南省开封市等2地高三5月试题)TCM doctorsdo knowis thatthis riseand fallthroughout thebody isputdown tothe flowof qithroughout thebody.【答案】What【解析】考查主语从句句意中医专家所知道的是,这种全身的起伏被归结为全身的气的流动分析句子结构可知,“是主语从句,从句缺宾语,指知道的事情,用连接代词引导故填TCM doctorsdo know”what Whato考向二连接副词
1.(2023届河南省名校联考高三5月最终模拟英语试题)We areso casualand carelessabout weuse thingsaround ustomake usfun,but itis importantfor ourhappiness andhealth.【答案】how【解析】考查宾语从句句意我们对于如何利用周围的事来使我们开心十分随意和粗心,但是这对我们的幸福和健康都很重要分析句子可知,设空处需填引导词来引导宾语从句,从句缺少方式状语,需要用连接副词引导故填how howo
2.(2023年北京交通大学附中高三练习)Chinese NewYear isa celebrationmarking theend ofthe winterseason andthe beginning of spring.This isdecorating withplants,fruits andflowers carriesspecial significance.【答案】why【解析】考查表语从句句意这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花进行装饰具有特殊的意义分析可知,空格处引导的是表语从句,根据Chinese NewYear isa celebrationmarking theend ofthe winterseason andthebeginning可知,句子表示“这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花进行装饰具有特殊的意义“,空格处意为“为什ofspring.”么,用引导表语从句,故填why why考向三连接词(北京市西城区学年高三期末试卷)2022-2023But manypeople,though complainingabout thestupid quizzes,stilltake them,wondering theiranswers generatetheir correctbirth year.【答案】if/whether【解析】考查宾语从句句意但是许多人,虽然一边抱怨愚蠢的测验,但一边却仍然做测试,因为他们想知道测试的答案是否产生正确的出生年份空处引导宾语从句,从句不缺成分,根据句意可知,此处表示“是否“,应用不做成分,只起连接作用的来引导,故填if/whether if/whether
1.(2023年新高考II卷)This is42they need an English trainer.【答案】why【解析】考查表语从句句意这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用引导表语从句故填why why(年浙江卷月)
2.6Over thousandsof years,they beganto dependless on57could behunted orgathered fromthe wild,and moreon animalstheyhadraised andcrops theyhad sown.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句句意在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意故填what(年」匕京卷)
3.Oliver saysif yoifrelucky enoughto havesomeone closeto youwho enjoyscooking,askthem3you canjoin inwhen its possible.【答案】if/whether【解析】考查连词句意问他们你是否有可能加入他们是宾语从句,从句you canjoin inwhen ifspossible.成分完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether2023新高考卷62why表语从句II2022新高考n卷62whether/if宾语从句2021新高考I卷56what主语从句【网络构建】知识点一名词性从句基础知识.夯基-必备基础知识梳理定语从句的概念、功能、类别、位置名词名词性从句的概念在复合句中,起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句性从名词性从句的功能相当于名词短语,在复合句中充当主语、宾语•、表语、同位语等夯主语从句基之后必宾语从句在复合句中做宾语,相当于名词,一般置谓语之后备在复合句中做主语,相当于名词,一般置谓语之前;也可用作形式主语,主语从句放主句it基表语从句础之后知同位语从句放在名词之后news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等表明其具体内容识名词性从句的类别和位置梳在复合句中做主语,相当于名词,一般置谓语之前;也可用作形式主语,主语从句放主句连接词it that/whether,as if/as though;连接代词what/which who/whose whateverwhoever whomeverwhichever;连接副词Where/when why/how whereverwhenever网从句中缺少主语或宾语No.l从句中缺少主语或宾语时,选择以下连接词()()()()通what ever,which ever,who ever,whom evero常情况下,是在语境中提供了范围才会使用,否则,指事物时使用()which whatever.(主语从句,在从句中作主语)What wasmost importantto her,she toldme,was herfamily what她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家人.(宾语The employersoften givethe jobto whoeverthey believehas workexperience witha strongsense ofduty从句,在从句中作主语)whoever雇主们经常会把工作给他们认为有工作经验并且有强烈责任感的人Whichever bookhe boughtwould bepaid for.无论他买了哪一本书,都要付款别从句中不缺少主语或宾语,缺少状语No.2•从句中不缺少主语或宾语,而是缺少状语成分,此时则用等带有语when,where,why,how,how many/much义的连接词(同位语从句,缺语义,Some studentseven haveno ideawhy they are studying,so theywaste muchtime playing.连接词在从句中作原因状语)一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习,所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿(宾语从句,缺语义,连接词在从句中作状语)She alwaysthinks ofhow shecan work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好(主语从句,缺语义,连接词在从句中作状Where the English eveningwill be held hasntyet beenannounced.语)英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布加从句中既不缺少成分,又语义完整,用连接词No.3that.(主语从句,不缺成分和语义)It isdecided that the meetinghas beenput offtill nextMonday已经决定将会议推迟到下周一(同位语从句,不缺成分和语义)He gaveus asuggestion that we shouldpractise speakingEnglish inclass.他建议我们在课堂上练习说英语Tom has admired mydaughter fora longtime,but thequestion is that shedoesnTt lovehim atall.俵语从句,that不作任何成分,无语义,只起连接作用)汤姆已经爱慕我女儿很久了,然而问题是我女儿一点也不爱他与的区别BNo.4whether if
(1)表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导,不用if;当主语从句放于句首时,也常用whether引导,不用当作形式主语,主语从句放在后面时用或引导均可,但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表if;it whether if选择意义的or时,必须用whether;与or not直接连用时,也必须用whether主语从句放于句首Whether the meeting will be heldis stilla problem.是否要开会仍然是个问题一表语从句The problemis whether the meeting willbeheld.问题是是否将举行会议一同位语从句I haveno ideawhetherthemeetingwillbeheld.我不知道是否将举行会议主语从句放于句末It isdoubtful whether/if hewill comehere.他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑Tt makesno differencewhether he comes or not.他来不来无关紧要和都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用,但在有些2whether if情况下,和的用法有一定的区别whetherif在及物动词后a.从句中不能用否定式xI dontcare whetherhe doesntcome.whetherdI donftcare whetherhe comesor not.dI donftcare whetheror nothe comes.不与直接连用xI dontcare if or nothecomes.ifornot41donrt knowwhether togo there.whether+to do在介词后b.在介词后常用不用whether,ifIt dependson whetheryoucan do theworkwell.那取决于你是否能做好这项工作易错点不可省略的情况L that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时,不可省略1that thatThathe failedin theexam madehis parentsdisappointed.他考试不及格,这使他父母很失望引导表语从句或同位语从句时,一般不可省略2thatThe truthis that I didntgo there.事实是我没有去那里The newsthat ourteam haswon istrue.我们队赢了的消息是真的易错点2wh-ever和no matterwh■的区别wh・ever既可以引导名词性从句,又可以引导让步状语从句,而no matterwh.只能引导让步状语从句(宾语从句)I willgive thisdictionary towhoever winsthe firstprize in the Englishcontest.我将把这本字典赠给在英语竞赛中获得一等奖的人(》犬语从句)Whoever/No matterwho winsthe firstprize intheEnglishcontest,I willgive thisdictionary to him.不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖,我都会把这本字典赠给他易错点3表示“要求,建议,命令;坚持”的词后跟名词性从句时,从句中的谓语动词用“should+do”,其中可以省略shouldThe bossordered that the task(should)be completedby noon.(宾语从句)老板命令(我们)在中午之前完成任务The doctorsadvice is that I(should)rest moreand drinkmore.(表语从句)医生建议我多休息、多喝水It wasproposed thatthis matter(should)be discussedatthenext meeting.(主语从句)有人提议这事在下次会议上讨论The bossrefused thedemand that she(should)do thework alone.(同位语从句)老板拒绝了她单独做那项工作的请求知识点二主语从句.夯基-必备基础知识梳理连接词引导主语从句f No.l连接词that,whether,if只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分what,who,whom,which,whichever,whatever,连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语whoever连接副词when,where,how,why在从句中作状语(从属连词弓导)Whether hewill comeornotdoesnt mattermuch.I他是否回来都不重要(连接代词弓[导)Whoever comeshere willbe welcome.无论是谁来到这儿都很受欢迎(从属连词弓导)That the earth movesaround thesun isknown toall.I地球绕着太阳转是大家都知道的(连接代词引导)Whatever youcandohelps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助连接副词引导How weunderstand thingshasalot to do withwhat wefeel.我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系连接副词引导Why theysuddenly disappearedstill remainsa mystery.它们为什么突然消失了还是个迷?则作形式主语No.2it作形式主语的常见句型it形容词等从句
1.It+be+necessary/likely/important/certain+that名词短语等+从句
2.It+be+a pity/a shame/no wonderthat过去分词等+从句
3.It+be+said/told/reported that不及物动词等从句
4.It+seem,appear,happen,matter+thatIt iscommon knowledgethatthewhale is not afish.鲸鱼不是鱼,这是常识It doesntmatter whetheryou payby cashor creditcard inthis store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系易错点当形容词为等或过去分词为等时,从句中的important,necessary,strange suggested,requested,desired谓语动词用虚拟语气动词原形”should+It isnecessary thatwe shouldhavebreakfast.我们吃早餐是有必要的知识点三宾语从句一夯基-必备基础知识梳理则宾语从句在复合句中的结构No.l及物动词短语/介词+宾语从句1He askedme whichteam couldwin thegame.他问我哪个队会赢得比赛汤姆除了有时候上学迟到外,是个很不错的男孩Tom isa niceboy except that he is sometimeslate forschool.及物动词+宾语从句2I dont think that you shouldgo abroadinthefuture.我认为你将来不应该出国表示情感的形容词+宾语从句3Im confidentthat youwill getthe job.我确定你能得到那份工作Im gladthatyoucan comehere ontime.我很高兴你能准时到这儿Im afraidthatIcant acceptyour invitation.恐怕我不能接受你的邀请・・No.2宾语从句的引导词连接词that,whether,if只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分what,who,whom,which,连接代词whichever,whatever,whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词在从句中作状语when,where how,why易错点引导宾语从句时,常被省去,但下列情况下不能省略L that动词后跟有多个引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个可省略,其余的不可省略;a.that thatHesaid(that)the bookwas veryinteresting andthat allthe childrenlike toread it.宾语从句前有插入语时;b.We hope,onthecontrary,that hewill stayat homewith us.恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们待在家里当作形式宾语,后接引导的宾语从句时c.it thatI dontthinkit politethat theyleft withoutsaying thanksto us.我认为他们不说声谢谢就离开是不礼貌的宾语从句为主从复合句,从句位于宾语从句的前部时d.I promisedthat ifanyone cameto setme free,I wouldmake himking overthe earth.我许下诺言,如果有人来释放我,我就让他成为世界之王当引导的从句位于介词等之后,作介词的宾语时,通常不能省略e.that except,but,besides,in thatTheyshare littlein commonexceptthattheyarefromthesame country.除了来自同一个国家之外,他们几乎没有共同点作形式宾语”No.3it宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后,但是,在下列情况下,须用作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(常为不定式it/从句)后置动词宾补(形容词或名词)+不定式/从句
1.find/feel/think/consider/make+it+动词从句
2.hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy+it+短语动词从句
3.see to/depend on/rely on+it+固定搭配从句
4.take itfor grantedthat/owe itto sb.that+I findit necessarythatweshould spendmore timepractising spokenEnglish.我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的I wouldappreciate itif youcould takeme intoconsideration.如果你能考虑我的话我将感激不尽No matterwhere heis,he makesit arule togo fora walkbefore breakfast.无论他在哪里,他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步I shallsee toit that heistaken goodcare ofwhen youare absent.你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好宾语从句的时态BNo.4主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时,从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态
1.He saysthathelikes listensto music.他说他喜欢听音乐I knowthatshedidnt tellyou thatshe wouldgo toAmerica nextmonth.我知道她没有告诉你她下个月要去美国He willtell uswhat happenedtohimduring ourabsence.他会告诉我们,我们不在期间他出了什么事主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,从句的谓语动词通常用相应的过去时