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A第讲句子成分+基本句型+句子种类+08解密长难句(讲义)句亍血分+句型+种生+长又佳句角军审句亍成分声衽・心苣衽石出矢口但僚理fit本句2旬*丑史氏难旬角翠庄强升心安是西里归纳直是重侬悟【复习目标】掌握八大句子成分掌握五大基本句型掌握句子结构掌握长难句解题要领【考情分析】英语句子结构和成分是高中英语教学的重要内容,是理解文章的基础,广泛运用于阅读理解,完形填空,语法填空和写作中分析近年高考可知,长难句的比重日益增加,掌握词类、句子成分和结构,可以读懂文意,并理解长难句之间的逻辑关系,同时也有助于句型的记忆【网络构建】(新课标卷)
3.I Itwas calculatedthat whenits populationreached itshighest point,there weremore than3billionpassenger pigeons-a number equal to24to40percent of the totalbird populationin theUnited States,making itperhapsthe mostabundant birdsin theworld.【句意】据统计,当旅鸽数量达到最多时,曾超过了亿只,这个数量相当于美国鸟类总数的使旅3024%-40%,鸽成为世界上数量最为庞大的鸟类[解析】本句在过去分词从句”结构;从句中含有引导的时间状语从句;“It be++that when3billion passenger和是同位关系此外,还有一个现在分词短语”作结果状语pigeons anumberequal…“making…提升•必考题型归纳考点长难句理解
4.(湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023年试题语法填空)When Lichunarrives,we surelyknow itstime tosow theseedsof cropsthe seedsof hope.【答案】and【解析】考查连词句意当立春到来的时候,我们当然知道是时候播种庄稼的种子和希望的种子了根据句意,“庄稼的种子”和“希望的种子”是并列关系,用并列连词连接故填and and
5.(2023年江苏省苏北四市联考试题阅读理解)However,research in the rapid-developed fieldof human-robotinteraction is showing astonishingresults onengagement withrobots thatcan imitatelifelike behaviour.【句意】然而,在快速发展的人机互动领域的研究显示,与能够模仿逼真行为的机器人的接触有惊人的结果【解析】本句是复合句主语是名词,介词短语作research in the rapid-developed fieldof human-robot interaction后置定语,关系代词引导定语从句句子主干部分that researchisshowingastonishing resultso
6.(2023届河北省名校联考高三摸底阅读理解)While demonstratingbest safetypractices,campers areinv olvedinactivities thatarouse theirinterest inscience alongwith theirsense ofadventure.【句意】在展示最佳安全实践的同时,露营者也参与了能够激发他们对科学的兴趣和冒险感的活动【解析】连词引导时间状语从句,表示“在……的同时”且从句中省略关系代词while campersare,that弓导定语从句,句子主干部分为I campersare involvedin activitieso所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2022新课标全国I卷)Its jaw-dropping howmuch perfectlygood foodis thrownaway-from“ugly(but quite)eatable vegetablesrejected bygrocers tolarge amountsof uneatendishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.【句意】虽能食用但因“长相难看”就被杂货店主丢弃的蔬菜,大量未食用就被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的菜肴,这些非常不错的食物就这样被扔掉,简直令人吃惊【解析】是形式主语,真正的主语是引导的从句;破折号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说明;It howrejected bygrocers及thrownintorestaurantgarbagecans为后置定语,分另必修饰vegetables和disheso
2.(2021新课标全国卷)I Althoughpopular beliefsregarding emotionalintelligence runfar aheadof whatresearch canreasonably support,theoverall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.【句意】尽管关于情商的普遍观点远超出了研究能够支持的合理范围,但大众化的总体效果是利大于弊的【解析】本句是主从复合句主句the overalleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Although是连词,引导让步状语从句,为介词短语充当后置定语,修饰名词regarding emotionalintelligence runfar…beliefs引导名词性从句,本句中充当介词的介词宾语,在从句中做的宾语What ofwhat support句子成分次要成分宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语主要成分主语、谓语主+谓主+谓+宾主+谓+宾+宾基本句型句主+系+表子主+谓+宾+宾补夯基必备基础知识梳理2023年名校典例提升必考题型归纳•真题感悟知识点一句子成分夯基•必备基础知识梳理・长难句解密英语句子由多个部分构成,各部分在句子中起着不同的作用,这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分正确分析句子成分是英语成绩得高分的至关要素主要句子成分主语subject…s;谓语predicate…v次要句子成分宾语object…o;定语attribute…attr;状语adverbial…adv;补语complement・c;表语predicative…p;同位语Appositive等主语8No.1概念和位置句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,通常位于句首充当通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当语序正常主语+谓语;全部倒装谓语+主语;部分倒装情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词数词
1.One-third ofthe studentsin thisclass aregirls.不定式
2.To swimin the riveris agreat pleasure.•(名词化的形容词)
3.The richshouldhelp thepoor.
4.What benefitsmost to their studyis readingEnglishbooks.(主语从句)(2022全国乙卷满分作文)(芝麻菜)(名词)(年新高
5.The arugulawas tomake anice greensalad,rounding outa roastchicken dinner.2022考卷阅读)I
6....there isnothing to do withothers9thoughts.(代词+倒装)(2022年新高考I卷读后续写)
7.Writing anessayis adifficult processfor mostpeople.(动名词短语)(2022新课标全国II卷七选五)
8.It9s urgentfor studentsthemselves toimprove theirself-discipline(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(2022年乙卷书面表达)谓语No.20概念和位置表示主语的动作或状态、谓语由动词充当,由简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词之分一般位于主语之后充当一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当,谓语有时态与语态的变化,同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约,如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成如This exhibitionof somesixty masterpiecescelebrating thelife andworkof Scotlandsbest lovedpainter,Sir HenryRaeburn,comes toLondon.(实义动词)(2022全国甲卷)复合谓语()由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成如1By usingthe latesttechnologies,drones couldalso startproviding higher-value servicesfor railways,detecting faultsin.(情态动词+实义动词)(全国乙卷)the rail or switches,before theycan cause any safetyproblems2022()由系动词加表语构成如(系动词)(年新高考卷)2Food becameeasierto chewat thispoint.2022I宾语9No.3概念表示及物动词和及物动词短语的动作对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语;有的动词后可以跟两个宾语,其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语,把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语位置位于及物动词或介词之后充当通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当
1.Fitness Magazinerecently ranan articletitledFive Reasonsto.・・(名词)(2022年新高考I卷)(代词作形式宾语,引导真正的宾语从句)(
2.rd appreciatejt ifyou takemy invitationinto consideration.it if2022年新高考卷)I
3.・・・,drones couldalso startprovidin higher-value servicesforrailways,detecting faultsin therailorswitches,beforethey cancauseanysafetyproblems.(动名词短语)(2022全国乙卷)
4.The teamshowed thatthis changein bitewas connectedwith thedevelopment ofagriculture in theNeolithicperiod.(宾语从句)(2022年新高考I卷)(数词)
5.How manydictionaries doyou haveI havefive.(名词化形容词)
6.They helpedthe oldwith theirhousework yesterday.,(不定式短语)
7.He pretendednot to see ne.表语fl No.4概念说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与系动词一起构成复合谓语位置位于系动词之后充当通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当(介词短语)(全国
1.Helping thenext generationto havea healthyand activechildhood isof treatimportance.2022乙卷)
2.Food becameeasierto chewat thispoint.(形容词)(2022年新高考I卷)(方位副词)(年新高考卷)
1.1am downtherein mywheelchair inthe morning....2022I(分词)(年新课标)
4.Needless tosay,they weredeeply moved.I.(不定式)
5.The machineis outof order(爱好)(动名词)
6.His hobbyis playingfootball.(表语从句)
7.The truthis thathe hasnever beenabroad.定语
8.No.5概念修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语;位置定语有前置定语和后置定语形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前,但是在修饰any・,some・,no,every■等构成的单词,如something等时,应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后充当定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当
1.Fruit juices,milkbaseddrinks andmost alcoholicdrinks arefree ofthe tax.(名词,非谓语,形容词)(2022全国乙卷)
2.Road accidents,which hadfallen foryears,are nowrising sharply.(定语从句)(2022新高考全国卷II)(职业)
3.Throughout hercareer asa professionaldancer,she touredintheUK.(介词短语作后置定语)(全国甲卷)
4.To performthesetasks,drones forraildon tneed tobe flyingoverhead.(代词,介词)(2022全国乙卷)口
5.With theirabilitytoseeahead,they couldsignal anyproblem,so thatfast-movin trainswould beable toreact intime.(非谓语,代词,非谓语分词作定语)(2022全国乙卷)1No.6状语夯基•必备基础知识梳理主+谓No.1S+V谓语动词为不及物动词是不能带
1.The sunrises.rise-rose-risen vi,O.
2.My brotherworks ina bank.
3.The carstopped.
4.The mandied peacefully.
5.The firstimpression counts/matters.年新高考卷
6.Class activities will vary from day to day.2022I
7.Great changeshave takenplace inmy hometowninthepast tenyears.No.2主语+谓语+宾语S.+V・+O.谓语动词必须是或的动词词组;宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分vt vtShebroke thevase.I likeswimming.I wantto buya house.They havecarried outthe plansuccessfully.易混点只带做宾语的动词有1V-ingsuggest,advise,stop,resist,enjoy,imagine,finish,admit,excuse,delay,practise,consider,keep,mind,understand,avoid,miss,risk,succeed in,be busy,be worth,be usedto,give up,lookforward to易混点带做宾语的动词有2to dooffer,learn,intend,plan,demand,ask,promise,help,prepare,decide,determine,refuse,dare,manage,wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,choose,seem,agree,etc.No.3主语+谓语+双宾S.+V・+O・+O.此句型中常见的谓语动词等give buybring tellsend leavepass writetake showget teachpay hand可借助的等;to bring,give,lend,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask可借助的等for buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save
1.He bringsme cookiesevery day.
2.Mr Johnsontaught usGerman lastyear.
3.Grandma toldus aninteresting storylast night.
4.Pass methe book,please
5.He showedthe tickettotheconductor.主+系+表No.4类别系动词状态类be感官类look,sound,taste,smell,feel表象性seem,appear变化类get,turn,grow,become,go,fall持续性stay,remain,keep,stand结果性prove,turn out
1.The caris ingood condition
2.He lookedtired.
3.The footballmatch ison.
4.My workis teachingFrench.
5.The questionis whocan reallyrepair themachines.
6.The flowersmells pleasant.
7.A pairof sunglassesproves useful.主谓宾宾补No.5S+VL+O+O.CThe sunkeeps uswarm.I heardhim singing.You mustget yourhair cut.They madeTom monitor.注意用做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构it方式即主语+谓语宾补+真正宾语如宾补+it+flnd/think/consider it++todo..I foundit verypleasant tobe withyour family.Both sidesconsider itdesirable tofurther theunderstanding betweenthe twopeoples.■k夯基-必备基础9识梳理知识点三句子种类按用途陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句按结构简单句,并列句,复合句简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)No.lHe oftenreads Englishinthemorning.Tom andMike areAmerican boys.She likesdrawing andoften drawspictures forthe wallnewspapers.注意句子只有一个主谓结构,但是为了使句子更加丰富,动词可以加上副词修饰,给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰,给句子加上状语进行修饰等(划线部分在句中作状语,修饰动词)He workedhard allhis life.worked(划线部分在句中作定语,修饰名词)He isa schoolstudent inNo.1Middle School.student并列句用分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相No.2互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系句型简单句+并列连词+简单句用分号We fishedall day;we didntcatch athing.用并列连词(如、、、等并列连词)and butso yetShelikes breadand milk,butshe doesn*t likeeggs atall.并列句的分类类别系动词并列and,not only...but also...,neither...nor...then选择or,either...or...,otherwise转折but,still,yet,while,when因果so,for,
1.Not onlyishe ourteacher,but alsoheis ourfriend.
2.The teachersname isSmith,andthe studenfsname isJohn.
3.Hurry up,or youllmiss thetrain.
4.August isthe timeoftheyear forrive harvest,so everyday Iwork fromdawn untildark.
5.He wastired,so hewent tobed.
6.He madea promise,butHe didntkeep it.
7.Class activitieswill vary from day to day,but studentsmust beready tocomplete short in-class writingsor testsdrawndirectly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class,lecture/discussion,so itis importantto take careful notes(新课标全国卷)during class.2022I复合句No.3由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子,中间用从属连词连接主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用,不能独立存在复合句=主句+从属连词+从句;从属连词+从句+主句复合句主要包含以下类型从句名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句LWhether shewill comeor notisstill aquestion.她是否会来仍是一个问题(whether引导的主语从句)The chiefeditor decideswhich willbe themost importantstory onthe frontpage.由主编决定哪篇报导最重要,应安排在头版(which引导的宾语从句)That iswhere hewas bom这就是他出生的地方(where引导的表语从句)We heardthe newsthat ourteam hadwon.我们听到了我们球队己经获胜的消息(that引导的同位语从句)定语从句
2.The dam,which isthe biggestintheworld,is3,830metres long.这座水坝是世界上最大的一座,长3830米(which引导的定语从句).状语从句时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、条件、比较状语从句3当层楼起火的时候,大Over500people wereworking inthe buildingwhen thefire brokeout onthe Hthflour.11楼内有500人在工作(when引导的时间状语从句)复合句详细复习参考本专辑从句专题解密长难句诀窍找谓语,定主语,定主干,去枝叶;找连词,定逻辑依托前面所讲的句子成分和句子种类,按照上述方法,即可抽丝剥茧,简化复杂的句式为简单句,然后依据词义和词性进行理解即可
1.(2022新课标全国I卷)Classactivities willvaryfromdaytoday,but studentsmust beready tocomplete shortin-class writingsor testsdrawn directlyfrom assignedreadings ornotes fromthe previousclass,lecture/discussion,so itisimportant totakecarefulnotes duringclass.【分析】主句是由连接的两个并列句but Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,but studentsmust beready tocompleteshort in-class writingsor testsdrawn directlyfrom assignedreadings ornotesfromtheprevious后的并歹句中包含过去分词短语作后class/lecture/discussion,but Udrawn directlyfromassignedreadingsornotes置定语修饰引导结果状语从句shortin-class writingsor tests,so【句意】课堂活动每天都会有所不同,但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试,这些测试直接来自于指定的阅读材料或上节课/讨论的笔记,所以在课堂上认真做笔记是很重要的(新课标全国卷)
2.2022I A ground-breaking,five-year studyshows thatdiet-related changesin humanbile led to newspeechsounds thatare nowfound inhalf theworlds languages.[分析】本句的主句为第一个引导宾语从句,宾语从句的谓Aground-breaking,five-year studyshows thatothat语为在宾语从句中有一个引导的定语从句修饰先行词ledto,that speechsoundso【句意】一项为期五年的突破性研究表明,由于饮食改变,人类咬合发生了变化,从而产生了一些新的语音这些语音目前存在于世界上一半的语言中。