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北京市西城区学年度高一第二学期期末试卷2022—2023英语试题本试卷共16页，共140分考试时长120分钟考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第I卷（共75分）I.听力理解（共三节，
22.5分）第一节（共4小题;每小题
1.5分，共6分）听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项每段对话你将听一遍
1.What dothe speakersneed tobuyA.Some chairs.B.Some shelves.C.A table.
2.Where doesthe conversationprobably takeplaceA.At aticket office.B.On abus.C.In aclassroom.
3.What doesthe manfind difficultin learningSpanishA.Reading.B.Listening.C.Speaking.
4.How willthe speakersgo to the cityhallA.By bus.B.By taxi.C.By bike.第二节（共6小题;每小题L5分，共9分）听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项每段对话你将听两遍听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题
5.When willthe manattend theonline meetingA.This afternoon.B.Tonight.C.Tomorrow.
6.What willthe womanprobably donextA.Water theflowers.B.Talk about the party.C.Read somemagazines.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题
7.What isthe newsin thenewspaperA.Plants canspeak English.B.Plants canrecord noises.C.Plants can make sounds.细节理解题根据第二段u Almost all the materials he used to grow coralscame directlyfrom the ocean.He didntuse steelpipes orbricks——which hecouldnt afford——instead,he gatheredrocks from the.（他用来种植珊瑚的几乎所有材料都直接来seafloor,piling themso theywouldnt beknocked downby tidalwaves自海洋他没有使用钢管或砖块一一因为他负担不起一一相反，他从海底收集岩石，把它们堆起来，这样它们就不会被潮汐击倒）”可知，阿卜杜拉种植珊瑚的方法既环保又实用故选A【题详解】21细节理解题根据最后一段“Now,in aworld rapidlylosing itscoral reefsto climatechange andenvironmental damage,（如今，由于气候变化和环境破he hasbecome anincreasingly influentialexpert onhow tobring themback tolife.坏，世界上的珊瑚礁正在迅速消失，在如何让珊瑚礁起死回生方面，他已经成为一名越来越有影响力的专家）”可知，阿卜杜拉成为了珊瑚保护方面的专家故选D【题详解】22推理判断题根据最后一段u Thousands have traveledfrom aroundthe worldto learnfrom Abdullahhow togrowcorals,with someeventually leavingtheir jobsto joinhis projectsfull time.With his700active volunteers,he has already,（成千上万的人从世界各地来到这里，向阿卜杜拉学习如何种植珊瑚，其中saved about125acres of coral reefs一些人最终辞去了工作，全职加入他的项目与他的名志愿者一起，他已经拯救了大约英亩的珊瑚礁）”700125结合文章主要说明了致力于研究和保护珊瑚礁工作，他创造出了环保又实用的种植珊瑚的方Anuar Abdullah法，同时影响更多的人参与到保护珊瑚礁的工作中可知，故事告诉我们个人可以有所作为故选CCHave youever wishedyou couldbe betterorganized ormore sociablePerhaps yourea constantworrier,and youdpreferto be a littlemore carefreeActually atleast2/3of peoplewould liketo changesome elementsof theirpersonality.In thepast,such desiresappeared to be fruitless.Ones personalitywas thoughtto beformed inchildhood and to remainfixed throughout his entire life.Recent researchfrom psychologyprofessor Nathan Hudson and his colleagues,however,challenges thisexpectation of a fixed personality.With theright psychologicalstrategies andenough effort,they say,many peoplecansuccessfully shape their desired personality.（干预）（特I heirinterventions typicallyinvolve recommendingregular activitiesthat reflectthe personality traits征）people wish to adopt.Introverts whowishto be moreoutgoing,for example,might have the goalof introducingthemselves to astranger oncea week,or makingsmall talkwith thecashier in the supermarket.Someone who wishes tobemore organizedand disciplinedmight be asked tocarefully double-check anemail beforesending it,or towrite ato-dolist beforegoing to bed.While these tasks may seem insignificant,the aimis for the thinking patterns andbehaviors they produce to becomehabitual.And theevidence sofar suggestsit worksremarkably well.In one15-week trialof400people,participantsaccepted an average of two challenges each week.After theycompleted thosetasks,their traits shifted in the desired（调查问卷）.direction,according to a personalityquestionnaireThe unexpectedpersonality changeshould begood newsfor anyonewhowishesthey werea bitmore sociable,organized,or happy-go-lucky.Another potentialbenefit isthat awarenessof thisresearch couldhelp improvementalhealth.People alwaysbelieve negativefeelings arejust partof whothey areand there is littlethey cando tochangethem.But whatif educatingpeople about their potentialfor personalitychange couldplace themon a more positive trackTo testthis idea,Harvard professorof psychology,John Weisz,and hispartner selecteda group of100teenagers who hadpreviously shown signs of anxiety or depression.They tooka computerizedcourse thatexplained thescience ofbrain（可塑性），plasticity andwere thengiven worksheetsto strengthenwhat they had learned.When Weiszchecked inon theteens mental health nine months later,the studentsreported asignificant decreaseintheir anxiety and depression compared with those whohad instead taken part in a course on emotional expression”.Whether you are strugglingwith seriousissues orsimply want to polishoff yourrougher edges,remember thatcharacter is within your own hands and you havethe power to become what you wanttobe.
23.According to the passage,an oldbelief aboutpersonality isthat.A.most peopleare satisfiedwith theirpersonalityB.sociable ororganized peopleare morepopularC.childhood hasnothing todo withpersonalityD.people cantchange theirpersonalitytraits
24.In NathanHudsons research,participants.A.became moreaware of their mentalhealthB.formed newthinkingpatternsand behaviorsC.reported theircompleted tasksin thequestionnaireD.were advisedto workas cashiersin thesupermarket
25.John Weiszsstudy ismentioned toHudsons research.A.question theresult ofB.make acomparison withC.explain themethod usedin D.show anadditional benefitof
26.Which of the followingwould be the besttitle forthis passageA.Mental Issues:More thanMeets theEye B.Personality:It IsNot Setin StoneC.Your PersonalityShapes YourFuture D.A GreatCure forMental Problems【答案】
23.D
24.B
25.D
26.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地塑造他们想要的个性【题详解】23细节理解题根据文章第一段“In thepast,such desiresappeared tobe fruitless.Ones personalitywas thoughttobe（在过去，这样的愿望似乎是徒劳的一个人的formed inchildhood andto remainfixedthroughouthisentirelife.个性被认为是在童年时期形成的，并在他的一生中保持不变）”可知，关于个性，过去人们总是认为那是在童年时期形成的，并保持不变故选D【题详解】24推理判断题根据文章第四段u Whilethesetasksmayseeminsignificant,the aimis for the thinkingpatterns andbehaviorstheyproducetobecomehabitual.And theevidence sofar suggestsit worksremarkably well.In one15-weektrial of400people,participants acceptedanaverageoftwochallengeseachweek.After theycompleted thosetasks,their（调查问卷）（虽然这些任务看起来traitsshiftedin thedesired direction,according to a personalityquestionnaire.微不足道，但目标是让他们产生的思维模式和行为成为习惯迄今为止的证据表明，它的效果非常好在一项有人参加的为期周的试验中，参与者平均每周接受两次挑战根据一份性格调查问卷显示，在他们完40015成这些任务后，他们的性格会朝着预期的方向转变）”可知，在的研究中，参与者形成了新的思维Nathan模式和行为故选B【题详解】25推理判断题根据文章第六段“But whatif educatingpeople about their potentialfor personalitychange couldplacethem on amorepositivetrackTo testthis idea,Harvard professorof psychology,John Weisz,andhispartner selecteda（但是，如果教育人们人格改变的groupof100teenagers whohad previouslyshownsignsof anxietyordepression.潜力可以让他们走上更积极的道路呢？为了验证这一观点，哈佛大学心理学教授和他的搭档选择了John Weisz一组100名青少年，他们之前都有焦虑或抑郁的迹象）”以及文章第七段“When Weiszchecked inon theteens5mentalhealthninemonthslater,the studentsreported asignificant decreasein theiranxietyanddepressioncompared.（当在个月后检查这些青少年withthosewhohadinsteadtakenpartin acourseonemotionalexpression”Weisz9的心理健康时，与那些参加“情绪表达”课程的学生相比，这些学生的焦虑和抑郁明显减少）”可知，John的研究显示了研究的另一个好处，也就是可以改善心理健康Weisz Hudson故选Do【题详解】26主旨大意题根据文章第二段“Recent researchfrom psychologyprofessor NathanHudson andhis colleagues,however,challenges thisexpectationof afixedpersonality.With theright psychologicalstrategies andenough effort,they say,（然而,心理学教授和他的同事最近的many peoplecan successfullyshapetheirdesiredpersonality.NathanHudson研究挑战了这种固定性格的预期他们说，通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地塑造他们想要的个性）”以及文章最后一段uWhether youare strugglingwith seriousissues orsimply wantto polishoff yourrougheredges,remember thatcharacteriswithinyourownhandsandyouhavethepowertobecomewhat youwanttobe.（无论你是在与严肃的问题作斗争，还是只是想擦亮自己的锋芒，记住，性格掌握在你自己手中，你有能力成为你想成为的人）”可知，本文主要介绍的是个性并不是一成不变的，我们可以通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力成功地塑造我们想要的个性故选BoD（）A cornerstone of environmental policy isthe debateover protectingnature fbrhumans sakeinstrumental values（）or for natures intrinsic values.We proposethat focusingonly oninstrumental orintrinsicvaluesmay failto resonate（弓［起共鸣）views onpersonal andcollective well-being,or what is right,“about nature and the environment.It istime to engage seriously with a third class of values,one withdiverse rootsand currentexpressions:relational values.Bydoing so,we reframethe discussion about environmental protection,and openthe door to new,potentially moreproductive policy approaches.In philosophicalterms,relational values are preferences,principles,and virtuesassociated withrelationships,bothinterpersonal and as requiredby policiesand social norms.Relational valuescan apply to interactionswith nature.Some peoplesidentities arerooted inlong-term careandstewardship,such asvolunteer river-keepers,gardeners orfarmers.Other peopleand socialorganizations hold（亲属关系）worldviews thatvalue kinshipbetween peopleand nature.They subscribeto theconcepts ofMother NatureJMother EarthJ and so on.Also,many peoplebelieve that their culturalidentity andwell-being originatefrom theirrelationships with humanand nonhumanbeings,connected byparticular places.Caring for and attendingto placescan beextremelyimportant formaintaining culturalpractices andcore values.According to these views,the valueof theland isnot independent of humans.Therefore,environmentalpolicyand managementshould alwaysconsider thekinds ofrelationships peoplealreadyhave withnature,and how these mightbe engagedto lessenthe negativeeffects ofhuman lifestyleson ecosystemsandenhance positiveones.For example,the bondbetween parentor teacherand childcan serveas achannel forsocial norms,encouraging respectand passionfornature,through activitiesincluding fishingandhunting,gardening,hiking,or bird-watching.It is also possibleto developvalues andrelationships throughlongterm andrepeated experiences with peer groups,by laboringon theland ortaking partin outdoor adventure.Bonding isstrengthened throughplay,struggling,suffering,and celebratingtogether.Relational valuesare finally receiving attention.If activists,researchers,policymakers,and private-sector leadersinternalize this message,perhaps environmentaldecisions will better accountfor ourrelationships withnature andmanyconcepts ofa good life.Attending tosuch valuesis keyto thereal inclusionof diversegroups inenvironmental protection,andtoachieving social-ecological relationshipsthat providefulfilling livesfor presentand futuregenerations.
27.According to the author,relational values.A.are traditionalexpressions witha longhistoryB.provide moreproductive philosophicalapproachesC.help reflecton theright viewsabout protectingnatureD.prove tobe aneffective wayto improvethe environment
28.What doesthe underlinedword stewardship“in Paragraph3meanA.Management.B.Friendship.C.Application.D.Happiness.
29.What canwe learnfrom thispassageA.Outdoor adventuremay damagesocial relationships.B.The parent-child bondusually leadsto newsocialnorms.C.The valueof theland isrelated tohuman interactionswith it.D.Human lifestyleswill havemore negativeeffects onecosystems.
30.Whats thepurpose of the passageA.To encourageenvironmentalprotectionthrough groupwork.B.To proposenew valuesfor environmentalpolicy making.C.To stressthe importanceofabetter livingenvironment.D.To comparedifferent environmentalprotection values.【答案】
27.C
28.A
29.C
30.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了“关系价值”这一概念，只关注工具价值或内在价值可能无法引起人们对个人和集体福祉的共鸣，或者对自然和环境的“正确”看法通过关系价值，我们可以重新构建关于环境保护的讨论，并为新的、可能更有成效的政策方法打开了大门题详解】[27细节理解题根据第一段“It istime toengageseriouslywithathirdclassofvalues,one withdiverse rootsand currentexpressions:relational values.By doingso,we reframethe discussion about environmentalprotection,and openthe door叩.（现在是认真对待第三类价值观的时候了，它有着不同的to new,potentially moreproductivepolicyproaches根源和当前的表现形式关系价值观通过这样做，我们重新构建了关于环境保护的讨论，并为新的、可能更有成效的政策方法打开了大门）”可知，关系价值观有助于反思保护自然的正确观点故选C【题详解】28词句猜测题根据划线词后文“such asvolunteer river-keepers,gardeners orfarmers.n可知，列举了志愿的河流管理员、园丁或农民，说明有些人的身份根植于长期的照顾和管理，故划线词意思是“管理”故选Ao【题详解】29细节理解题根据第三段u According to theseviews,the valueof theland is notindependentofhumans.（根据这些观点，土地的价值不是独立于人类的）”以及倒数第二段It isalso possibleto developvalues andrelationshipsthrough long-term andrepeatedexperienceswithpeergroups,by laboringon theland ortaking partin outdooradventure.（通过在土地上劳动或参加户外Bonding isstrengthened throughplay,struggling,suffering,and celebratingtogether.冒险，与同伴群体长期和反复的经历，也可以发展价值观和关系通过玩耍、挣扎、痛苦和共同庆祝，纽带得以加强）”可知，土地的价值与人类与土地的互动有关故选C【题详解】30推理判断题根据最后一段u Relationalvaluesarefinallyreceivingattention.If activists,researchers,policymakers,and private-sector leadersinternalizethismessage,perhaps environmentaldecisions will better accountfor our（关系价值最终得至了关注如果活动人士、研究人relationshipswithnatureandmany conceptsofagoodlife.员、政策制定者和私营部门领导人将这一信息内化，也许环境决策将更好地解释我们与自然的关系以及许多美好生活的概念）”可推知，文章的目的是为制定环境政策提出新的价值故选B第II卷（共65分）I.选词填空（共7小题;每小题2分，共14分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次firm truebrave sleepsurvive createfrighten
31.He wasgiven amedal forhis in the battle.
32.With apale face,Amy wastoo describethe caraccident to the police.
33.1dont thinkyouaretelling methe wholeaboutwhat happened.
34.When youfirst meetsomeone,be sureto shakehis handand lookdirectly into his eyeswith asmile.
35.Researchers saythat thetrees nowhave arate of85%.
36.In the painting TheStarry Night,we seea villageandadark,lonely treebeneath theamazing sky.
1.1inking isvery importantfor advertisementdesign.【答案】
31.bravery
32.frightened
33.truth
34.firmly
35.survival
36.sleeping
37.Creative【解析】【题详解】31考查名词句意他因在战斗中表现英勇而被授予一枚奖章结合句意表示“英勇”可知应填名词作bravery,宾语，不可数故填bravery【题详解】32考查形容词句意埃米脸色苍白，非常害怕，向警察描述了车祸的经过结合句意表示“害怕”可知应填-ed结尾的形容词作表语，修饰人故填frightened,frightened【题详解】33考查名词句意我认为你没有告诉我所发生事情的全部真相结合句意表示“真相”可知应填名词作宾truth,语,由可知，此处特指这件事的真相，应用单数故填the truth【题详解】34考查副词句意当你第一次见到某人时，一定要坚定地和他握手，直视他的眼睛，面带微笑结合句意表示“坚定地”可知应填副词作状语修饰动词故填firmly,shake firmly【题详解】35考查名词句意研究人员表示，这些树现在的存活率为结合句意表示“存活”可知应填名词85%survival,作定语修饰意为“存活率”故填rate,survival ratesurvival【题详解】36考查形容词句意在《星夜》这幅画中，我们看到一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗、孤独的树在奇妙的天空下结合句意表示“沉睡的”可知应填形容词作定语修饰名词故填sleeping,village sleeping【题详解】37考查形容词句意创意油墨在广告设计中是非常重要的结合句意表示“创意”可知应填形容词作creative,定语首字母大写故填CreativeII.语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空（）（用所给词的适当形式填空）
38.hear thisnews,Mary gotextremely excited.【答案】Hearing【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词句意听到这个消息，玛丽非常兴奋分析句子可知，空处作句子的时间状语，是非谓语动词，和逻辑上是主动关系，应用的现在分词形式且空处位于句首，首hear Maryhear hearing,hearing字母应大写故填Hearing（）.（所给词的适当形式填空）
39.When heentered hisoffice,he foundthe windowbreak【答案】broken【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词句意当他走进办公室时，发现窗户被打破了此处是非谓语动词作宾语补足语，和动词是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填the windowbreak broken（）（所给词的适当形式填空）
40.There aremany sharebikes at the entranceofthesubway.【答案】shared【解析】【详解】考查形容词句意地铁入口处有很多共享单车根据句意，设空处应用形容词意为shared,“分享的，共有的”，作前置定语，修饰主语故填bikes shared（）（用所给词的适当形式填空）【答
41.You shouldnot risklose yourcurrent jobby tryingto geta newone.案】losing【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词句意你不应该冒着丢掉现有工作的风险去找一份新工作根据可知，此处“risk”用固定短语意为“担的风险，冒的风险”，空处应用的动名词形式作的宾语故risk doingsth.,lose losing,risk填losing（）（所给词的适当形式填空）
42.Asking questionsbetheeasiest wayto promoteactive learning.【答案】is【解析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一致句意提问是促进主动学习最简单的方法主语是为动名词Asking questions,作主语，看成第三人称单数，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，故填is（用适当的词填空）
43.Grace willnever forget the dayshe was admitted to the university.【答案】when##on which【解析】【详解】考查定语从句句意永远不会忘记被大学录取的那一天分析句子结构，:Grace she wasadmittedto the,是一个定语从句，修饰先行词从句缺少时间状语，应用关系副词引导从句，或用“介university theday,when词+which”，表示“在具体某天”用介词on故填when##onwhich
44.The constantlyrising sealevel isoneofthe reasonswe musttake actionto protecttheenvironment.（用适当的词填空）【答案】why【解析】【详解】考查定语从句句意海平面的不断上升是我们必须采取行动保护环境的原因之一定语从句修饰先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用故填reasons,why why
45.Yuan Longpingwas anadmirable agriculturalscientist,from manyyoung peoplehave drawngreat（用适当的词填空）inspiration.【答案】whom【解析】【详解】考查定语从句句意袁隆平是一位令人钦佩的农业科学家，许多年轻人从他身上得到了很大的启发此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词作介词的宾语，指人，故用Yuan Longping,whom故填whom（用适当的词填空）
1.11wonderI shouldaccept theoffer or not.【答案】whether【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句句意我不知道我是否应该接受这份工作分析句子可知，空处填连词引导宾语从句，根据句意和可知填“是否，”是不是，故填or notwhether whether…ornotwhether
47.（用.It iswidely believedchildren willhave betterexam resultsin schoolif theylearn toread early适当的词填空）【答案】that【解析】【详解】考查主语从句句意人们普遍认为，如果孩子们早点学会阅读，他们在学校的考试成绩会更好是固定句型，意为“人们普遍认为，是形式主语，真正的主语是It iswidely believedthat…it从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，所以用引导主语从句，故填that thatthatni.完成句子（共5小题;第
63、64题每题2分，第
65、
66、67题每题3分，共13分）根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子
48.我们的车在回家的路上坏了（break down）（汉译英）【答案】Our carbroke downon theway home.【解析】【详解】考查动词短语，介词短语，一般过去时，副词，代词根据所给汉语提示，“我们的车”英语表达“ourcar”,“汽车抛锚，坏掉”英语表达为breakdown,在……的路上”可使用介词短语表达，即“on theway”，此处“回家的路上”可使用介词短语+副词的结构，即uon theway home,根据所给汉语提示可是，此句描述过去发生的事情，因此需要使用一般过去时故答案为Our carbroke downon theway home.
49.由于天气恶劣，这个航班取消了（due to）（汉译英）【答案】The flightwas cancelleddue tobad weather.【解析】【详解】考查介词短语和时态语态句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时“由于”为短语“天气dueto,恶劣”翻译为作介词短语的宾语，“这个航班”为作主语，“取bad weather,due to the flight消”为动词此处表示被取消，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故整句翻译为cancel,The flightwas cancelleddue tobadweather.o
50.世界上很多大城市都交通堵塞为患（suffer from）（汉译英）51案1Many ofthe worlds major cities suffer from traffic jams.【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和时态句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“世界上很多大城市”作主语，翻译为“交通堵塞为患”翻译为主语是复数，谓语动词Many ofthe worldsmajor cities,suffer fromtraffic jams,应用原形，故整句翻译为我买不起这本书了，suffer Manyofthe worldsmajorcitiessufferfromtrafficjams.
51.o因为我的钱用完了（runoutot）（汉译英）【答案】I cantaflbrd thebook becauseIve run out ofmoney.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和时态“我买不起这本书了”为主句，描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“买不起”为动词“这本书”为主句翻译为、“因为我的钱用完afford,thebook,I canafford thebook,
8.What doesthe womanthink ofthe newsA.Cheerful B.Comforting.C.Unbelievable.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题
9.What arethe twospeakers talking aboutA.A trip.B.A newtent.C.The girls family.
10.What canwe learnfrom theconversationA.The girlsfather isa carelessperson.B.There arethree peoplein thegirlsfamily.C.The girlsmother droveback homefbr thetent.第三节（共5小题每小题
1.5分，共
7.5分）听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息每小题仅填写一个词这段独白你将听两遍How toBeat Pre-performance Nerves・11much asyou canBeprepared♦make you feel12and ready•find outwhat techniqueworks foryou♦take alongyour favorite1413ways tocalm down♦try breathingtechniques•make aplan touse thistechnique•get enoughsleep andeat15meals Takegood careof yourself•take moreexerciseII.完形填空（共15小题;每小题L5分，共
22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Brad hadntseen Grandma Joy fbrsix yearssince theirfierce argument.At hisbrothers wedding,he]her again.He sawher walkunsteadily intothe churchand helpedher gettotheseat.But theydidnt saymuch.Six monthsafter thewedding,Brad hikedthe AppalachianTrail.He foundhimself2a lotabout his grandmother and了为引导的原the timethey hadspent at Blue Rock State Park,which isclose toher house.There,theyd liftbecause因状语从句，“用完”为短语“钱”为从句用现在完成时，番现译为run out of,money,because Fve runoutof故整句翻译为经理不在的时候，他将负责这个部money,I cantafford thebook becauseFverunoutofmoney.
52.o门的工作（takechargeo（汉译英）【答案】He willtake chargeofthe department when the manager is away.【解析】【详解】考查时态和动词短语“经理不在的时候”为引导的时间状语从句，描述一般性事实，应用一when般现在时，翻译为门“他将负责这个部门的工作”描述将来发生的事，应用一般将来when themanage saway,时，“负责”为“这个部门”翻译为故整句翻译为take chargeof,thedepartment,He willtake chargeof thedepartmentwhenthemanagerisaway.oIV.阅读表达供4小题海小题2分，共8分）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整Toms wifeusually doesthe shopping,but she had theflu soTom wentinstead.Selecting thefruits andvegetableswent fine,but whenhe gottothebread section,he had trouble,because therewere over60varieties tochoose from.Tomcompared differenttypes andexamined thedifferences.After10minutes ofcareful consideration,he pickedone thatseemedlike theperfect choice.However,hehadto repeatthe processfor therest ofthe shoppinglist.By the time hehadfinished andpaid foreverything,hewastired andupset.Why didTom havethis kindof experienceAccording tobehavioral economicsresearch althoughhaving someoptionsmakes usfeel good,once weget beyondthat smallnumber,the morechoices wehave,the lesshappy we feel.The causeof ourunhappiness hasits rootin onetypical judgmenterror wemake-our natural reactions prefer（进化的）avoiding losses to making gains.This is probably becauseof ourevolutionary background;our mindsevolved（热带草原）for thesavanna environment,not forour modemshopping context.Due tothis,when wehave lotsof options,wefeelanxious aboutmaking thewrong choiceand losingout onthe bestone.Digging intoresearch onfactors thatmake ashopping tripan unhappyexperience helpsus improveour buyingdecisions.When choosingwhat tobuy,the numberone techniqueinvolves satisficinginstead ofmaximizing.Maximizing behaviorrefers to finding theperfect optionwhen shopping.Maximizers compareall availableoptionsto makesure thatthey getthe bestdeal interms ofperformance,price,andsoon.They havehigh expectations,and theyhopethattheproduct willmeet theirexpectations.（最彳氐标准）Its theopposite forsatisficers.They setcertain minimalcriteria thatneed tobe met,then searchforthe first available product that meets the criteria.They lookfbr productsthat are“good enough^^instead of“perfect”.When theyfocus on“good enough,their brainautomatically highlightsthe positives,and lowers the expectations.Research showsthat maximizingbehavior resultsin lesshappiness,less satisfaction,and moreregret thansatisficing.To behappier,satisfice andlimit yourchoices.Make ashort listthat comparesa reasonablenumber ofoptions anddoesntinclude everyproduct available.After all,theres nosuch thingas theperfect deal.（不多于个单词）
53.Why didTom havetrouble selectingbread9（不多于个单词）
54.Accordingtothe writer,whatisthe judgmenterror thatcauses ourunhappiness9（不多于个单词）
55.What productsdo satisficerslook for11（单词数不限）
56.Do youagree thatsatisficers arehappier inlife Whyor whynot【答案】
53.Because therewere over60varieties tochoose from.
54.Our naturalreactions prefer avoiding lossesto makinggains.
55.The firstavailable productthat meetsthe minimalcriteria theyset.
56.Yes,I agreesatisfiers arehappier inlife.Because thesatisfiers lookfor productsgood enoughinstead ofperfect,sotheir brain highlights and lowerstheexpectations.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了为什么人们选择越多的时候，反而会越不快乐题详解】53考查细节理解根据文章第一段“Selecting thefruits andvegetables wentfine,but whenhe gottothebread section,he（挑选水果和蔬菜很顺利，但当他走到面包区时，hadtrouble,because therewere over60varieties tochoose from.他遇到了麻烦，因为有多种可供选择）”可知，选择面包的时候遇到了麻烦是因为有多种面包60Tom60可供选择故答案为Because therewere over60varieties tochoose fromo【题详解】54考查细节理解根据文章第三段“The causeof ourunhappiness hasits rootin onetypical judgmenterror wemake―our.（我们不快乐的根源在于我们才的一个典型的判断错误naturalreactions preferavoiding lossesto makinggainsE——我们的自然反应是避免损失而不是获利）”可知，作者所谓的判断错误指的是我们的自然反应是避免损失而不是获利故答案为【题详解】Our naturalreactionspreferavoidinglossestomakinggains55o考查推理判断根据文章第六段（最低标准）“Its theopposite forsatisficers.They setcertain minimalcriteria thatneedtobemet,then searchfor the firstavailable productthat meetsthecriteria.They lookfor productsthat are“good（满足者的情况正好相反他们设置需要满足的最小标准，然后搜索满足标准的第enough”instead of“perfect”.一个可用产品他们寻找“足够好”而不是“完美”的产品）”可知，满足者会设置需要满足的最小标准，然后找寻满足标准的第一个可用产品故答案为The firstavailableproductthatmeetsthe minimalcriteria theyset0【题详解】56开放题要求考生谈谈满足者是否会更快乐以及原因，考生言之有理即可故参考答案为Because thesatisfiers lookV.书面表达（20分）for productsgood enoughinstead ofperfect,so theirbrainhighlightsandlowersthe expectationso
57.假设你是红星中学高一⑴班班长李华你们班计划开展“创建环境友好校园（Createan）”活动，打算邀请交换生参加请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内Environmentally-Friendly CampusJim容包括活动的意义；
1.活动的安排
2.注意
1.词数不少于80；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
3.Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,How areyou recentlyKnowing anactivity entitledCreate anEnvironmentally-Friendly Campuswill beorganizednext week,Tm writingto inviteyou toattend it.The activitywill lastforawhole weekand variousactivities willbe held.At first,speeches abouthow tocreate anenvironmentally-friendly campuswillbedelivered bystudents.Then,there willbe acompetition calledWhich ClassIsthe Cleanest.The classperforming thebest willbe awardeda prize.Surely,this activitycan call for studentsto protectour campus,thus creatinga comfortableand cleanenvironmentwhere students can devote themselvesto studying.Besides,this activitycan improvestudents awarenessof protectingtheenvironment.Looking forwardto yourreply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本文是应用文假设你是红星中学高一⑴班班长李华你们班计划开展“创建环境友好校园（）活动，打算邀请交换生参加请你用英文给他写一封电子Create anEnvironmentally-Friendly Campus”Jim邮件，内容包括活动的意义；活动的安排L
2.【详解】词汇积累L各种各样的various—a varietyof比赛competition—contest呼吁:callfor-appeal to此夕卜:一Besides In addition,句式拓展2简单句变复合句原句Then,there willbe acompetition calledWhich ClassIs theCleanest.拓展句Then,there willbeacompetition thatis calledWhich ClassIs theCleanest.【点睛】【高分句型1]Knowing anactivity entitledCreate anEnvironmentally-Friendly Campuswillbeorganized（运用了非谓语动词作状语和省略连接词的宾语从句）next week,Vm writingto inviteyou toattend it.that【高分句型2]Surely,this activitycan callfor studentsto protectour campus,thus creatinga comfortableand clean（运用了非谓语动词作状语和弓[导的定environment wherestudentscandevotethemselvestostudying.where语从句）rocks inthe rivertofindfish.It puzzledhim whythat3in particularstayed withhim.He decided to callGrandma Joy.It wouldbe theirfirst real4in years.She invitedhim overand hesaid yes”.When thedoor opened,everythinginside looked the same.But hewas looking at awoman whohad5,They madesmall talk.Grandma Joysaid thatshe hadmany6in herlife.One ofthem wasthat excepther timeat Blue Rock State Park,shed neverhad the chance to see what she called the great outdoors.Brad lefthisgrandmother^house andwent back tohisroutine.But hecouldnt helpthinking ofGrandma Joyand hersadness of not seeing more of7,She justlived asimple lifethat stoppedattheedge ofthecounty line.He thoughtit wouldbealifelong pityif hedidnt8her.Then hecame upwith anidea thatevenhe knewwas9,He wouldtake his85-year-old grandmaonacamping triptoanational park.Hetold her his crazy idea.The oldlady10him byasking,When dowe leave”Having arrivedthere,Brad madea campfire.They satnext toeach other,feeling thewarmth andlooking atstars.They11the lockbox of their past,talking aboutfamilies andfriends,about lossand pain.They toldeach othertheydwasted toomany yearsbeing12,So theydecidedtogo onmore tripstogether.They havenow visited62national parks.The openroad providedtime forthe pairto13theirsecrets.Grandma Joyhighly valuedBrads company during the trips.She saidshe wouldnt14him foranybody.Now,theyre not just travelingpartners,not justgrandmother andgrandson,but
15.
1.A.missed B.called C.praised D.met
2.A.thinking B.reading C.asking D.expecting
3.A.goal B.plan C.dream D.memory
4.A.conversation B.party C.picnic D.creation
5.A.aged B.joked C.hurried D.succeeded
6.A.worries B.regrets C.wishes D.challenges
7.A.art B.nature C.history D.culture
8.A.watch outfor B.keep upwith C.reach out to D.stay awayfrom
9.A.useless B.incorrect C.impractical D.unnecessary
10.A.annoyed B.surprised C.disappointed D.embarrassed
11.A.lost B.changed C.borrowed D.opened
12.A.different B.distant C.busy D.polite
13.A.keep B.forget C.share D.record
14.A.trade B.blame C.mistake D.trouble
15.A.strangers B.competitors C.relatives D.friends【答案】LD
2.A
3.D
4.A
5.A
6.B
7.B
8.C
9.C
10.B
11.D
12.B
13.C
14.A
15.D【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文自从Brad和奶奶激烈争吵后，Brad已经六年没见过奶奶了一次在哥哥的婚礼上，他们见面了，开始了多年来的第一次真正的谈话，奶奶告诉除了蓝石州立公园，她从来没有机会看Brad,到过其他野外风景于是决定带着岁的奶奶去国家公园露营如今他们已经参观了个国家公园，Brad8562现在他们不只是旅行伙伴，祖孙，还是朋友【题详解】1考查动词词义辨析句意在他哥哥的婚礼上，他又见到了她想念；打电话；赞A.missed B.called C.praised扬；遇至」由下文（他看见她D.met“He sawher walkunsteadily intothe churchand helpedher gettotheseat.I摇摇晃晃地走进教堂，扶她坐到座位上）”可知，在哥哥的婚礼上，又见到了奶奶故选【题详Brad Joy,2Do解】考查动词词义辨析句意他发现自己想起了很多关于他祖母和他们在离她的房子很近的蓝石州立公园度过的时光思考；想起；阅读；询问；期待由下文A.thinking B.reading C.asking D.expecting“alot abouthis grandmotherandthe timetheyhadspent at BlueRockState Park,which isclose toher house.v可知，此处指他想起了很多关于他祖母和他们在蓝石州立公园度过的时光，故选Ao【题详解】3考查名词词义辨析句意他不明白为什么那段记忆特别难忘目标；计划；梦想；A.goal B.plan Cdream D.memory记忆力上文提到作者想起了很多关于他祖母和他们在离她的房子很近的蓝石州立公园度过的时光可知，此处指这段记忆特别难忘故选D【题详解】4考查名词词义辨析句意这将是他们多年来第一次真正的对话交谈；聚会；A.conversation B.partyC.picnic野餐；D.creation创作由下文“She invitedhim overand hesaid“yes”.（她邀请他过来，他答应了），They madesmalltalk.和上文提到的自从他们激烈争吵后Brad已经六年没见过奶奶了可知，此处指这是Brad和奶奶多年来第一次真正的对话，故选Ao【题详解】5考查动词词义辨析句意但他正看着的是一个上了年纪的女人变老；开玩笑；A.aged B.joked C.匆忙；成功由上文提到的自从他们激烈争吵后已经六年没见过奶奶了，和hurried D.succeeded Brad”以及可知，前后是转折关系，屋里的一切都没“When thedoor opened,everything insidelookedthesame.But变，但是奶奶变老了，故选A【题详解】6考查名词词义辨析句意奶奶乔伊说，她生活中有许多遗憾担忧；后悔；A.worries B.regrets C.希望；挑战下文wishes D.challenges“One ofthem wasthat excepther timeatBlueRockStatePark,shed neverhad（其中之一是，除了在蓝石州立公园的时候，她从来没有机thechance tosee whatshe calledthe greatoutdoors.会看到她称之为的伟大野外）”讲到除了蓝石州立公园，乔伊奶奶从来没有机会看到过其他的野外景色可知，这是她的遗憾，所以此处指她生活中有很多遗憾，故选B【题详解】7考查名词词义辨析句意但是他不禁想起了奶奶乔伊，还有她因为没能多看看大自然而感到悲伤A.艺术；自然；历史；文化上文art B.nature C.history D.culture“One ofthem wasthat excepther timeatBlueRock（其中之一是，除了在蓝石州立公StatePark,shed neverhad thechancetoseewhatshecalledthegreatoutdoors.园时候，她从来没有机会看到她所谓的伟大野外景色）”可知，此处指奶奶因为没能多看看大自然而感到悲伤，故选B【题详解】8考查动词短语词义辨析句意他觉得如果他不帮助她会是一辈子的遗憾当心；A.watch outfor B.keep upwith赶得上；与保持联系；与建立联系；帮助某人；远离C.reach out to D.stay awayfrom由上文“.”以But hecouldnt helpthinking ofGrandmaJoyand hersadnessofnotseeingmoreof7及上文提到的除了蓝石州立公园，乔伊奶奶从来没有机会看到过野外可知，除了蓝石州立公园，奶奶没有机会看到过其他的野外景色，所以作者决定要帮助她去看看自然风光，故选C【题详解】9考查形容词词义辨析句意然后他想出了一个连他自己都知道不切实际的主意无用的；A.useless B.incorrect不正确的；不切实际的；没有必要的由下文C.impractical D.unnecessary“He wouldtake his85-year-old grandma（他会带着岁的奶奶去国家公园露营，他告诉了onacamping triptoanational park.He toldherhiscrazyidea.85奶奶他的疯狂想法）”可知，此处指他想出了一个连他自己都知道不切实际的主意一一带着岁的奶奶去85国家公园露营，故选C【题详解】1考查动词词义辨析句意老太太问他“我们什么时候走？”，这使他很惊讶使恼怒；A.annoyed B.surprised使惊讶；使失望；使尴尬由下文和上文提到他想出了C.disappointed D.embarrassed“When dowe leave”一个连他自己都知道不切实际的主意一一带着岁的奶奶去国家公园露营可知，奶奶在听到这个主意后，竟85然答应去国家公园露营，这使很惊讶，故选Brad B考查动词词义辨析句意他们谈论过去，谈论家人和朋友，谈论失去和痛苦丢失；改变；A.lost B.changed借；打开由下文可知，此处指他们打开过去的盒子，即谈论C.borrowed D.opened“the lockboxof theirpast”过去，故选D【题详解】12考查形容词词义辨析句意他们互相告诉对方，他们一直互相疏远，这浪费了很多年不同的；A.different遥远的;疏远的；忙的；礼貌的第一段提到自从他们激烈争吵后已经六年没见B.distant C.busy D.polite Brad过奶奶了可知，此处指他们过去一直很疏远，故选B【题详解】13考查动词词义辨析句意开阔的道路为这两个人提供了分享秘密的时间保持；忘己；A.keep B.forgettC.分享；己录上文share D.record t“They satnext toeach other,feeling thewarmth andlookingatstars.They13the可矢口，止匕处lockboxoftheirpast,talkingaboutfamilies andfriends,about lossand pain.”指和奶奶在参观国家公园时互相分享自己的秘密，故选BradCo【题详解】14考查动词词义辨析句意她说她不会拿他换任何人用……进行交换；责备；A.trade B.blame C.mistake误解；D.trouble使忧虑由上文uGrandma Joyhighly valuedBrad^companyduring thetrips.v可知，奶奶很重视的陪伴，所以说她不会拿他换任何人，故选Brad A【题详解】15考查名词词义辨析句意他们不只是旅行伙伴，祖孙，还是朋友陌生人；竞争者；A.strangers B.competitors亲戚；朋友由上文C.relatives D.friends“theyre notjust travelingpartners,notjustgrandmother andgrandson”和上文提到他们互相分享自己的秘密可知，和奶奶不仅仅是旅行伙伴，祖孙，还是朋友，故选Brad Dm.阅读理解（共15小题;每小题2分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项Often,there isa falseidea thatone mustbe in-the-know”to truly appreciate artworks.However,fine artopens thedoorto everyone.Learning how to lookat andunderstand artworksrequires usto takethetimeto view,identify andthink.Look atthe ArtAs the first step,its necessaryto takea momentto identifythe artworks general features:•Is ita painting,sculpture orcraftwork（混舌的）•Does itappear chaoticL ororganized•Are thecolors brightor softIdentifythe Artand ArtistKnowingwhen orhowthe artwork wasmade andlearning somethingabout the artist canreveal morecontext.Weall knowthe famouspainting Guernicaisamasterpiece createdby Picassoin
1937.However,if wecan findout Picassocomposedthepaintingto reflecta bombingduringtheSpanish CivilWar,well knowmore aboutits anti-war meaning.Even ifthe historicalcontext ofan artworkis notobvious,knowing theyear ofits creationoffers morecontext.Think Aboutthe MeaningUsewhatyouobserved inthe firsttwo stepsto thinkabout meaningsthe artworkcould have.Consider whatthe title,the subjects,orthesymbols meanttothe artist whenhe orshe createdthe artwork.What dothecolors sayabouttheartist,and howdo theyapplytothe subjectsintheart Forexample,the owlsin Lebosworksrepresent wisdom,but whyare theyso brightlycoloredIn addition,ask howtheartmakes youfeel.Many artistshave specificmeanings behindtheir art,but alsoencourageviewers tocome upwith theirown explanations.Still,every explanationisnotautomatically correct,whichis whythe techniquesdescribed aboveare helpfulin findingclues.The nexttime youreadmiring awork ofart,keep thesetechniques inmind,and itsmeaning mayunfold beforeyour eyes.
16.What isthefirststep whenviewing artA.Doing someresearch ontheartist.B.Being“in-the-know“abouttheworkC.Identifying theworksgeneral features D.Knowing theyear ofan artworkscreation
17.When thinkingaboutthemeaning ofan artwork,you should.A.explain itfreely B.choose atitle foritC.describe ittotheviewers D.ask howit makes youfeel
18.The passageisprobablywritten for.A.museum staffB.gallery visitorsC.professional artistsD.exhibition organizers【答案】【解析】
16.C
17.D【导语】这是一篇应用文文章主要说明了一些欣赏艺术品的步骤和方法【题详解】16细节理解题根据第二段（作“Asthefirststep,ifs necessaryto takea momentto identifythe artworksgeneralfeatures为第一步，有必要花点时间来确定美术作品的一般特征）”可知，看艺术品的第一步是确定作品的一般特征故选C【题详解】17细节理解题根据倒数第二段（此外，询问美术作品给你的感觉如“Inaddition,ask howtheartmakesyoufeel.何）”可知，在思考一件艺术品的意义时，你应该问问它给你带来了什么感觉故选D【题详解】18推理判断题根据第一段u Often,thereisa falseidea thatone mustbe“in-the-know totrulyappreciateartworks.However,fine artopens thedoortoeveryone.Learning how to lookat andunderstand artworksrequires usto takethe（通常，有一种错误的想法，认为一个人必须“懂行”才能真正欣赏艺术品timetoview,identify andthink.然而，美术向每个人敞开了大门学习如何看待和理解艺术作品需要我们花时间去观看、识另和思考）”II以及最后——段“The nexttime youreadmiring awork ofart,keep thesetechniques inmind,and itsmeaning may（下次当你欣赏一件艺术品时,记住这些技巧，它的意义就会在你眼前展现出来）”结unfold beforeyoureyes.合文章主要说明了一些欣赏艺术品的步骤和方法可推知，这篇文章可能是为参观画廊的人写的故选BBAnuar Abdullahhas alwayshad aspecial feelingforthe ocean.In the1980s,he settledin Perhentianasadivinginstructor andfell inlove withcorals.Twice daily,he wentout tosea,staying underwaterfor aslong ashis oxygen（纹理）supply allowed.He learnedthe shapesand texturesof coral reefs longbefore heknew theirLatin names.He（多样性）studied theliving conditions——the watertemperature,the sunshine,the diversityof oceanlife-and sawhowjust oneof thosefactors couldbring aboutlarge-scale death.Abdullah spenttwo decadesexperimenting withhow togrow coral reefs inthe ocean.He didnthave adegree in（海洋的）marine biologyoraresearch lab,but hehad hisown ways.Almostallthematerialsheusedtogrow coralscame directlyfromtheocean.He didntuse steelpipes orbricks—which hecouldnt afford—instead,he gatheredrocksfrom theseafloor,piling themso theywouldnt beknocked downby tidalwaves.While othersmight dependonalab tobreaklive coral into piecesthat werein turnused forgrowing,he searched for brokenpieces of coralinexisting reefsandfixed themtotherocks usinganimal-friendly glue.When heneeded othermaterials,he startedby searchingthe beachforwaste.Every day,the localssaw himon hisknees examiningcorals intheocean.Sometimes,he pickedup arock to（鹿角大珊瑚）,which hehad fixeda pieceofcoralseveral weeksearlier,and saidvery quietly,My littleacropora howareyou doingtoday”The localswhispered abouthow hedspent daysinthewater speakingto coralsas ifthey werepeople.Everyone thoughtI wasstupid Jsaid Abdullah,But Iknew Iwas doingthe mostimportant thingintheworld.”Actually,Abdullah wasright.Now,inaworld rapidlylosing itscoralreefsto climatechange andenvironmentaldamage,he hasbecome anincreasingly influentialexpert onhowtobring thembacktolife.Thousandshavetraveledfrom aroundtheworldto learnfrom Abdullahhowtogrowcorals,with someeventually leavingtheir jobsto joinhisprojects fulltime.With his700active volunteers,he hasalready savedabout125acres ofcoralreefs.
19.Abdullah wentouttosea twicedaily to.A.study coralreefsC.check his oxygen supplyB.have divingtraining
20.Abdullahs wayof growingcorals is.D.share hisfeelings forthe seaA.eco-friendly andpracticalC.high-tech andaffordableB.traditional andindirect
21.From thepassage weknow thatAbdullahD.scientific andexpensiveA.searchedforwaste tomake alivingC.talked toeveryone aboutcoral reefsB.received adegree inmarine biology
22.What canwe learnfromthestoryD.became anexpert oncoral protectionA.Anyone witha dreamis amazing.C.An individualcanmakea difference.B.Achievement providestrue pleasure.【答案】
19.A
20.A
21.D
22.CD.The strongman isstrongest whenalone.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了致力于研究和保护珊瑚礁工作，他创造出了环保Anuar Abdullah又实用的种植珊瑚的方法，同时影响更多的人参与到保护珊瑚礁的工作中【题详解】19细节埋解题根据第一段“Twice daily,he wentouttosea,staying underwaterfor aslong ashisoxygensupply allowed.（纹理）（他每天两次出海，He learnedthe shapesand texturesofcoralreefs longbefore heknew theirLatin names.只要氧气供应允许，他就呆在水下早在他知道珊瑚礁的拉丁名字之前，他就了解了珊瑚礁的形状和结构）”可知，阿卜杜拉每天两次出海研究珊瑚礁故选A。
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