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专题代词06代词的分类根据功能不同,代词可以分为大类:7分类形式主格(你),(你们),I,we,you youhe,she,it,they宾格(你),(你们),me,us,you youhim,her,it,them人称代词形容词性物主代词(你的),(你们的),my,our,your yourhis,her,its,their名词性物主代词物主代词(你的东西),(你们的东西),mine,ours,yours yourshis,hers,its,theirs反身代词myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves近指(可用于电话用语),this these远指(可用于电话用语)that,those指示代词疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,whichmuch,little,some,any,none,neither,few,other,everything,someone,something,不定代词等somebody关系代词that,which,who,whose,as,whom)人称代词1人称代词主格和宾格的区分要点人称代词主格作主语,放在句首;人称代词宾格作宾语,放在动词和介词之后做题时需要注意代词的位置,根据位置选择如I lovemy country.My motheris waitingfor himoutside.I dontknow her.)物主代词2【答案】c
3.The twinsare somuch alikethat itis difficultto tellone from.A.other B.the other C.others D.another【答案】B
4.Some peoplethink that the grassis greeneron sideof thehill.A.another B.other C.others D.the other【答案】D
5.---Oh,the trafficis tooheavy.---Lets changeroute to the airport.A.other B.others C.the other D.another【答案】D
6.Fve justbought fivestamps.One is a Germanstamp,are Americanstamps.A.the other B.the others C.otherD.others【答案】B的特殊用法
7.it一般情况下,表示人以外的动物和东西,是单数名词的代词,译为“它”
1.it你的小汽车在哪儿?(它)在那边Where isyour carIt isover there..但在表示天气、时间、距离等时,用来代替,此时的并不译为“它”2it it,)指天气今天阳光灿烂1It issunny today.)指气候或温度六这个房间很冷2I coldin thisroom.)指时间几点了?六点半了3What timeis it Its sixthirty.)指距离从这儿到公园有多远?4How faris itfrom heretothepark大约是二英里It*s abouttwo miles.在情景对话中有时也可指人,表示不确定是谁的情况
3.“it”^0Its me.Open the door,please.在一些常用句型中也会出现的用法,如
4.itIts time tohave dinner.=Itstimefor dinner.【例题】)一1Who isknocking atthedoor—,mum.Open thedoor,please.A.Its meB.I amC.This isme D.I【答案】A)2What timeis nowis12:00now.【答案】A.it,It B.it,Its C.its,It D.its,Its A)3is verysunny today.Lefs gocamping.A.It B.Its C.Now D.Its【答案】A)指示代词8分单数()和复数()两种形式,既可作限定词又可作代词一般用来指第一次出现this/that these/those的人或物,再次出现用代替;用代替it/he/she this/that theythese,those用法)在介绍别人的时候多使用如这是我的妹妹1this,This ismy sister.)在比较级中多使用代指前面提到的那个同类事物,用代替前面提到的那些同类事物2that those例The weatherin summerin Nanjingis hotterthan thatin Beijing.The peoplein Chinaare muchmore thanthose inEngland.)修饰名词时,放在名词前面,用来表示近指()或远指()3this/these that/those例(近指眼前的桌子)This deskis mine.(远指那张桌子)That deskis Toms.)在电话中指代自己,则指代对方4this that例一你好!我是玛丽,你是杰克吗Hello!This isMary.Is thatJack speaking一是的,我是Yes,this isJack speaking.Jacko注意这里的回答不能说I amJack.链接中考(连云港中考)
20222.Our Englishteacher,Miss Li,is kindand patient.We alllike.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself【答案】B【解析】考查代词中的人称代词宾格这里指的是我们都喜欢李老师,老师用的是称呼,所以Miss是like her.(连云港中考)
20225.There isntin theclassroom.All thestudents arehaving aPE lessonin theplayground.A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody【答案】B【解析】考查不定代词辨析这里给的是否定句,所以否定句中用不能用anybody,somebody.(无锡中考)
20224.—Coffee ortea,Frank—Coffee,please.To getrelaxed,is betterthan acup ofcoffee.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything【答案】A【解析】考查不定代词的词义辨析这句话的意思是为了得到放松,没有什么能比来一杯咖啡更好了(扬州市中考)(她自
202255.Mum joinedour littlegroup andintroduced toour newfriends.己)【答案】herself【解析】句意妈妈加入我们这个小组,向我们的新朋友介绍她自己动词后缺宾语,表“introduced”达,,她自己”用反身代词故填herself%herselfo(徐州市中考)
202248.Not manypeople realizethat helpingothers ishelping.【答案】
48.themselves形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区分要点形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特点,不能在句中单独使
1.用,后面要跟名词;名词性物主代词具有名词的特点,可以在句中单独使用,后面不接名词如:His parentsare bothoffice workers.This ismy dictionary.Where isyoursMy ideais quitedifferent hers.人称代词和物主代词的区分要点人称代词指代的是人或物,而物主代词指的是人与人、人与物之间的所属
2.关系物主代词和比较级的连用
3.我的尺子比你的长My ruleris longerthan yours.这里尤其要注意后面的代词的形式,为了保持前后比较对象一致,所以后面要用名词性物主代司than IO【例题】
1.Our houseisa little largerthanthey andit hasmore furniturein it.【答案】theirs【解析】根据句意我们的房子比他们的大一点,家具比较多这里是我们的房子和他们的房子比,所以是所属物品之间的比较,那首先要选用物主代词,其次这里后面没有名词,所以要选用名词性物主代词theirs.
2.May Iintroduce Mike,a goodfriend ofI toyou【答案】mine【解析】名词性物主代词可用在后面与共同作定语,相当于名词所有格”,表示带有部分概念或f Of“of+一定的感情色彩如He isa friendof mine.
3.This isnot myWalkman.It9s.Mine isover there.A.our B.hersC.your D.my【答案】B【解析】考查物主代词的用法选项中出现的都是物主代词,根据横线后没有名词,所以应该使用名词性物主代词所以答案选B反身代词3
①反身代词的常考点一是人称和数的选择,所以要注重句子的翻译,特别要注意人称的对应和反身代词单复数的选择
②反身代词的常考点二是一些固定搭配的选用含有反身代词的常用结构自便,玩help oneselfto enjoyoneself的开心,自学,自言自语,沉湎于,奉献,teach oneselfsay tooneself loseoneself indevote oneselfto leavesb.by oneself将某人独自留下,保密,受伤,独自等如keep asecret tooneself hurtoneself by oneselfThe littleboy istoo youngto lookafter himself.The childrenmade modelplanes bythemselves.【例题】
1.---Hi,guys.How wasyour partyyesterday---Wonderful!We hada bigmeal andenjoyed.A.themselves B.myself C.yourselves D.ourselves【答案】D【解析】考查反身代词的用法他们自己%『我自己”,“你们自己”,“我themselves myseyourselves ourselves们自己”据句意“我们吃了顿大餐,玩得很开心”,所以选择答案D
2.Peng Liyuan,the newfirst lady,has devotedto charityactivities overthe years.A.she B.herC.hers D.herself【答案】D【解析】考查反身代词的用法这里是固定词组,表示奉献于…,所以答案选devote oneselfto sth.Do
3.---Is thismodelplane yours,Susan---Yes,its mine.TVs madeby.A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself【答案】A【解析】本题考查反身代词的固定词组根据句意那是我自己做的,答案选byoneselfA
4.“Youre oldenough,boy.Youd betterdo ityou.“My fathersaid tome.【答案】yourself疑问代词4疑问代词主要用法例句who谁作主语、宾语、表语Who isthe boyon thebikeWho are you talkingto谁的宾格形式,作宾语whom whoWhom areyou talkingtoTo whomareyoutalking谁的的所有格形式whose whoWhose bookis thiswhat/who一What isyour father询问某人的职业、地位、性格特征、相貌what---He isa worker.等who询问某人的身份、姓名---Who isthe boyunder thetree---He isMike.指“什么”,没有一定范围的限定what/which whatWhat wouldyou liketo eat指“哪一个”,指在一定范围内特指的which Which do youlike,spring orsummer人或物不定代词5与1some any这里与均表示“一些”,既可修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词一般用于肯定句中,some anysome any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句中但在疑问句中,若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议带有感情色彩时应用还可用来修饰可数名词的单数,表示“任何一个’或随便哪一个如someo anyThere are someeggs in the basket.Do youhave anybrothers orsistersIf youfind anynew wordsin it,mark themout.Would youlike someteaYou canbuy itin anyshop.与2many much这里和均表示“许多”many much
①修饰可数名词复数,还可以与表示程度的副词如等连用如many so,too,howThere aretoo manymistakes inyour exercises.How manyteachers arethere inyour schoolThere arethree hundred.
②修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词如等连用如much so,too,howHe nevereats somuch breakfast.He hastoo muchwork todo.How muchwater isthere inyour bottleA little.3either neither汕指两个人或物之中的任何一个,指两个人或物中一个也不如e erneitherThere aretrees oneither sideof thestreet.Neither of the booksis good.Either youor I am students.与4both all表示“两者都”,常与连用;指三者或者三者以上都”如both andallBoth sheand Iare students.There aremany treesstanding onboth sidesof theroad.All ofus shouldgo there.They allagree tostay there.与5each every和都表示每一个”之意each every
①强调个体,可用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物,可以和连用当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式each of
②强调全体,只能指三个或三个以上的人或事物,不能与连用在句中只能作定语,修饰名词时谓语every of动词也要用第三人称单数形式如There aretrees oneach sideoftheroad.Every doghas itsday.Each ofus wearsa yellowT-shirt.与6a fewa little修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词肯定含义有一些有一点儿a fewa little否定含义几乎没有几乎没有few little如He hasa fewfriends.Therearefew tomatoesin thefridge.So weneed tobuy some.He hasso littlemoney thathe cantafford thebook.There isa littletime left.We donthave to be insuch ahurry.【例题】例一1:Excuse me,how canI getto NanshanMountain---Oh,of thesetwo buseswill takeyou there.You mustgo andtake No.3bus.A.neither B.all C.none D.both【答案】A【解析】句意--请问,去南山怎么走?-哦,这两路公交车都不能带你去南山,你必须坐路公交车由语3境中的可以排除和选项,因为两者都是讨论三者或三者以上事物的;依据two busesB C“You mustgo andtake可知空格处需要的是表示否定意的词,因此答案选ANo.3bus.”修!J2:He invitedsome classmatesto cometo hisparty,but came.A.a little B.little C.a fewD.few【答案】D【解析】考查不定代词辨析和修饰不可数名词,和修饰可数名词;和表示a littlelittle a few fewalittleafew肯定,和表示否定;根据判断句意前后有转折之意,前半句为肯定句,所以后半句应该为否定句,little fewbut而修饰需要用所以选择答案dassmates few,D例3Iamthirsty.Could youlet mehave cokeA.littleB.any C.some D.other【答案】C【解析】句意我渴了,你能让我喝些可乐?根据句意首先排除和其次,此句是期待对方有肯定回A D答,所以选用在疑问句中代替因此答案选some anyC修!4On MothersDay,our schooladvised ofus towrite aletter toour mothers.A.every B.each C.everyone D.no one【答案】B【解析】句意在母亲节那天,学校建议我们每一个人给自己的母亲写一封信根据句意先排除其次,D eve叮后面应接名词;既可加名词,也可以和短语连用;叮不能与短语连用,故答案选each ofeve oneof B例5---Whichdoyou prefer,tea orcoffee---1dont care.is fine.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.All【答案】A【解析】句意…你更喜欢哪一样,茶还是咖啡?--我不在意任何一样都行问话者只提供了茶和咖啡两种饮料选择而加指三者或三者以上,不符合题意,排除选项;用作句子主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式,D both也排除;根据答句,表明后者不挑剔,任何一样都行,故答案选A复合不定代词6系列的不定代词和系列的不定代词1some any
①系列的不定代词一般用于肯定句如someThere issomeone waitingfor youattheschool gate.
②系列的不定代词用于否定句和疑问句,如用于肯定句,则有“任何”的含义如anyThere isntanything elseinthefridge now.Do youhave anythingto sayfor yourself注意这里的要翻译成任何人Anyone shouldobey thelaw.anyone与2everyone every one
①的意思相当于只能指人,不能和连用如everyone everybody”,ofI wouldlike everyonetobehappy.
②既可以指人也可以指物,可以和连用如every oneofI haveeveryoneof herletters.与3no one,nobody,nothing,none不定代词用法例句no one---Is everyonehere today)不与连用;)谓语动词用单数;)只能指人;1f23--Yes,Mr.Ma.No oneis absent.)一般用来回答及含4who,everyone,anyone,nobody—Whos inthe room引起的疑问句anybody—Nobody,I think.nothing1)指物;2)一般用于what的提问—Whats inthe box-Nothing buta card.1)强调数量,既可指人也可以指物;2)可与of---How manypassengers weretherenone连用;on thebus atthat time)用于或提问的回答None.3how manyhow much【例题】修!J1I thinkcan makeAndy changehis mind.He issuch aperson whonever givesup easily.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything【答案】c【解析】句意我认为没有什么能让安迪改变他的主意他是一个不轻易放弃的人本句后句可知,这里是“没有什么”因此答案选C例2She gotup toget somesleeping pillsbut foundthere wasleft athome.A.nothing B.none C.something D.nobody【答案】B【解析】句意她起来服安眠药但发现家里一片都没有了没有东西,表示什么都没有;一个都nothing none没有,强调数量;某物;一个人都没有因此答案选something nobodyB复合不定代词和形容词或(其他)的连用else当形容词或修饰复合不定代词等时,形容词必须放在复合不定代词的后面else something,everything,everyone【例题】例1My hostfamily triedto cookfor mewhen Istudied inNew Zealand.A.different somethingB.different anythingC.something differentD.anything different【答案】c例2-Have youread todaysnewspaper--No,I havent.Is therein it【答案】A.something importantB.anything specialC.new anythingD.special anythingB的比较other,the other,others,the others,another不定代词意义用法说明other另外的只作定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前面有the,等时,则this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his可与单数名词连用the other两者中的另一个常与one连用,构成“one…the other…”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“其余的全部others泛指别的人或物是ther的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语;常与连用,构成some“some…others…”特指其余的人或物是的复数形式,特指其余所有的人或物the othersthe otheranother任何一个,另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,即不确定数目当中的一个,用作形容词或代词【例题】
1.My familyhas twodogs.One iswhite,is black.A.otherB.another C.the otherD others【答案】c
2.---The shoesdont fitme.Would youplease showme---Sure.Here youare.A.the otherone B.the othersC.another pairD.another one。