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聚会之地—中国文人的花园For centuries,the traditionalChinese gardenhas beenan idyllicparadiseand asource ofcreative inspirationfor scholarsand artists.In traditionalChinese culture,the gardenis a place todiscover onesself.The gardenserves as aplacefor self-cultivation,solitarycontemplation,as wellas forsocial orliterary gatherings.For thefirst time,the New York Metropolitan Museum ofArtdisplays itsentire permanentcollection ofartwork celebratingtheserecurring themesin Chinesegardens.Maxwell HearnMetropolitanMuseumAsian ArtDepartment HeadIt introducesone thousandyears of Chinese paintinghistory,allfocused on the themeofChinesegardens,and howgardens havebeen aninspirationthroughout thecenturies.Another recurringtheme focuseson howgardens serveasavenuefor literarygatherings.This isbest illustratedin theGathering atthe Orchid Pavilion—a handscroll inink andcolor onpaper.It tellsthestory ofa well-known calligrapherWang Xizhiand hisfriendsmeeting attheOrchidPavilion tohold apoetry competition.Cups ofwinefloat downstream,as poetscompose theirverses bythe meanderingriver.MaxwellThis legend,of thisextraordinary outdoorgathering,was aterrific inspirationfor latergarden designerswho oftenloveto createthese windingwaterways.Water hasa specialsymbolic meaning in aChinese scholars garden.It representsthe essenceof life.Hence waterfallsand waterwaysinthe gardensymbolize theflow andrejuvenation oflife.Likewise,rocks havea specialmeaningintraditional Chinesegardens.Four typesof rocksare usedin TheNewYorkChinese ScholarsGarden.These include1granite forbuilding rockeries,2stalagmitefor verticalaccents,small gooseegg-shaped pebblesonthewalkwaysand the3mosaics ofthe courtyard,and theTai Husculpture rocks.Rocks playan importantrole inChinese poetryand landscapepainting—a pasttime ofthe Chinesescholars asthey seek4refugein thegarden.In theMing-style garden,rocks,waterways,and plantlife thusprovidea sereneand idyllicsetting forthe Chinesescholar—as hesitsin hisgarden todo hiscalligraphy,painting,or writehis poetry.数百年来,传统的中国园林都被建造成隐逸仙境,并由此成为文人墨客创作灵感的源泉在中国传统文化中,园林是了悟自我的绝佳之地园林是个可供陶冶性情、独自思考的地方,也是个供文人雅聚的社交场所纽约大都会博物馆第一次展出了它全部有关中国园林这类主题的馆藏艺术创作何慕文(大都会博物馆亚洲艺术部主任)这次展览同时介绍了有上千年历史的中国古典绘画,都以中国园林为主题,并以此展示了园林对于文人创作的影响有一个反复出现的主题关注到了园林作为文人雅聚之地的社交功能,这在这卷《兰亭修禊图》字画手卷中得到了很好的诠释它画的是著名的书法家王羲之与他的友人们在兰亭举行赋诗比赛的场景他们将盛了酒的觞放在溪中,任之由上游浮水徐徐而下,文人们在弯弯曲曲的溪流边饮酒赋诗何慕文这次聚会盛事为之后的园林设计者提供了灵感,所以在园林中常见蜿蜒的流水水在中国文人的园林中有着特别的象征意义它代表着生命之源,因此园林中的瀑布与溪流象征着生命的流动不息与青春活力同样地,山石在中国传统园林中也有着特殊的意义纽约史坦顿岛的寄兴园中用到了四种石头,包括用于建造假山的花岗岩,用作竖直景观造型的石笋石,用来铺设走道的小鹅卵石和铺设庭院的锦砖,以及便于雕刻造型的太湖石中国文人在园林中寄情山水时以诗歌与山水画打发闲暇,而山石在其诗歌与山水画中占有重要的一席之地在明代时期的园林中,山石、理水和植物为中国文人提供了一处安宁、闲适之地一一让他们能在园林中惬意地练字、作画、写诗。