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2024年初中英语语法专项学习之宾语从句及其引导词用法宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语L.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序
2.连接词引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数3that情况下可以省略和都可引导宾语从句,但•后可紧跟;
4.whether if whether or not从句可作介词的宾语whether.如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语5it.宾语从句引导词及用法总结宾语从句的时态主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态
1.例句The headmasterhopes everythinggoes well..主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式2彳列句She wassorry that she hadnt finishedher workon time..当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去3时,从句也用一般现在时态彳列句The teachertold hisclass thatlight travelsfaster thansound.如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态
4.宾语从句的语序宾语从句必须用陈述语序A.False:He iswondering whencan hefinish thisdifficult job.Right:He iswondering whenhe canfinish thisdifficult job.有时候可以用作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面B,itBad:I thoughtthat hecould finish this jobin justtwo hoursimpossible.Good:I thoughtit impossiblethat hecould finish this jobin justtwohours.带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句c.Bad:I thinkhe doesnt likethe Englishteacher.Good:I dont thinkhe likesthe Englishteacher.主句一般过去时态,从句也要用过去时态D.False:He wantedto knowwhy heis cryingin thecorner.Right:He wantedto knowwhy he was cryingin thecorner宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句宾语从句分为三类动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句宾语从句连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what.whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever;等whichever在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态L.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态
2.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时3宾语从句连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等★宾语从句的时态和语序宾语从句的时态受主句的限制主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态宾语从句必须用陈述语序A.False:He iswondering whencan hefinishthisdifficult job.Right:He iswondering whenhe canfinishthisdifficult job.有时候可以用作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面B.itBad:I thoughtthat hecould finishthis jobin justtwo hoursimpossible.Good:I thoughtit impossiblethat hecould finishthis jobin justtwohours.带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句c.Bad:I thinkhe doesnt likethe Englishteacher.Good:I dont thinkhe likesthe Englishteacher.主句一般过去时态,从句也要用过去时态D.False:He wantedto knowwhy heis cryingin thecorner.Right:He wantedto knowwhy hewas cryingin thecorner.★宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,等,并且主句的主语是第expect,fancy,guess一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致例如I don,t thinkhe willcome to my party.而不能说成I thinkhe wont come tomy party.★宾语从中不可省略的情况that宾语从句常可省略,但在以下情况下不能省略that当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略A.第一个其他that,不能省略e.g.I believethat youhave doneyour bestand thatthings willgetbetter.当作形式宾语时B.ite.g.She madeit clearthatshehad nothingto dowith him.当宾语从句前置时c.e.g.That ourteam willwin,I believe.宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是等think believejmagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy guesszz并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致而不能说成I dont thinkhe willcome tomy party.I thinkhe wontcome tomyparty.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believethat manis killedby Jimjshe我认为那个人不是所杀的,是不是?Jim如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式We findthat henever listensto theteacher carefully,does he我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?宾语从句中引导词的用法比较在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有连词常可省略,that thatwhether,if代词副词等who,whose,what,which when.where,how,why
(一)引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合可以省略)that that.可跟从句做宾语的动词有1thatsay,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,等declare,report例句The boybelieves that he willtravel throughspace tootherplanets.注意事项当主句谓语动词是等词,think,believe,suppose,expect而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示彳列句I dont thinkit isright forhim totreat youlike that..在以下情况中不能省略2that当句中的动词后接多于两个由引导的宾语从句时,第一个a.that that可省,但后面的不可省that例句()He saidthat youwere tooyoung tounderstand thematterand thathewasasked notto tellyou.当主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时,一般不可b.that that省例句Just thenI noticed,for thefirst time,that ourmaster waswearinghis finegreen coatand hisblack silkcap.当从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,不可省c.that that彳列句I cant tellhim thathis motherdied.注:许多带复合宾语的句子,引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后d.that部,而用作形式宾语it彳列句I findit necessarythat we should dothe homeworkon time.
(二)由引导的宾语从句whetherjf.由()引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的1whether if意思是“是否”宾语从句要用陈述句语序一般说来,在宾语从句中与可以互换使用,但在特殊情whether if况下与是不能互换的if whether例句()I wonderwhether ifthey willcome toour party..只能用不能用引导的宾语从句2whether,if在带的不定式前a.to例句We decidedwhether towalk there.在介词的后面b.例句I mthinking ofwhether weshould goto seethe film.在动词后面的宾语从句时c.彳列句We discussedwhether wehad asports meetingnext week直接与连用时d.or not例句lean tsay whether ornotthet cancome ontime..只能用不能用引导的宾语从句3if whether引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”a.if例句The studentswill goon apicnic ifit issunny.引导否定概念的宾语从句时b.if例句He askedif Ididn tcometoschool yesterday.引导状语从句(即使)和(好象)时c.even ifas if例句He talksas ifhe hasknown allabout it.在宾语从句中的区别if,whether和在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词a.ifwhether等之后,介词后一般不用know,ask,care,wonder,find outif少数动词,如后的宾语从句常用b.leave,put,discuss,doubt whether.后可以加但是不可以.c.whetherornot,if在不定式前只能用d.whether.(如我不能决定是否留下)lean tdecide whetherto stay.避免歧异时,我们常用而不用e.whether if.
(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序用于这种结构的动词常常是see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,等inform,advise英语中的连接代词有在句中担任
1.whO/Whom,whose,whichjWhatj主语、宾语、定语或者表语例句Can you tell mewhom youare waitingfor.英语中的连接副词有在句中担任状语的成2when,where,why,how,分彳列句None ofus knowswhere thesenew partscan bebought.简化宾语从句常用六法方法一当主句谓语动词是等,hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构例如Li Ming hopes hewill beback verysoon.f LiMinghopesto beback verysoon.We decidedthat wewould help him.f Wedecided tohelphim.方法二当主句谓语动词是等动know,learn,remember,forget,tell词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构例如She has forgotten howshe canopen thewindow.f Shehasforgottenhow toopen thewindow.注当主句谓语动词是等动词,tell,ask,show,teach且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构例如Could youtell me how Ican getto thestationf Couldyoutellmehowto getto thestation方法三当主句的谓语动词是(命令),(需要)等时,order require如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构例如The headmaster ordered thatweshouldstart atonce.f Theheadmasterorderedus tostart atonce.方法四某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化例如He insistedthatheshould gowith us.f Heinsisted ongoing withus.The poorboy doesnt knowwhen andwhere hewas born.-The poorboy doesnt knowthe timeand theplace ofhis birth.方法五某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语形式(作宾+V-ing语补足语)”结构例如:Liu Ping found that there wasa walletlying onthe ground.f LiuPingfounda walletlying onthe ground.方法六动词后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,seem但句型需要进行适当的变化例如It seemedthat theboys weregoing to win.f Theboys seemedtowin.除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化例如I found that itwas difficultto learnEnglish well.一I foundit difficultto learnEnglish well.Soon wefoundthatthe groundwas coveredwith thicksnow.一Soon wefound theground coveredwith thicksnow.They foundthatthe box wasvery heavy.一They foundtheboxvery heavy。