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年月英语四级真题试卷20196Part IW riting30minutesDirections:For thispart,you are allowed30minutes towrite a news reportto yourcampus newspaperona volunteeractivity organizedby yourStudent Unionto assistelderly peoplein theneighborhood You shouldwrite at least120words butno more than180wordsPart IIListening Comprehension25minutesSection ADirections:In this section,you willhear threenews reportsAt the end of each news report,you willheartwo orthree questions.Both the news reportand thenquestions will be spoken only once.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose thebest answerfrom thefour choices marked A,B,C andD.Then markthe correspondingletter on Answer Sheet1with a single linethrough thecentraQuestions1and2are basedon thenews reportyou have just heard.
1.A Heset arecord beswimming to and from an island.B Hecelebrated ninthbirthday on a smallisland.C Hevisited aprison locatedonafaraway island.D Heswam aroundan islandnear SanFrancisca
2.A Hedoubled therewardB Hecheered himon allthe way.C Heset himan exampleD He hadthe eventcovered onT V.Questions3and4are basedon thenews reportyou have just heard
3.A Toend theone-child policy.B Toencourage latemarriageC Toincrease workingefficiency.D Togive peoplemore timeto travelMarriedwomen diagnosedwith aserious healthcondition mayfind themselvesstruggling withthe impactoftheir diseasewhile alsoexperiencing thestress of divorce/said researcherAmelia KarrakerKarraker and ccrauthor Kenzie Lathamanalyzed20years ofdata on2,717marriages froma studyconducted byIndianaUniversity since
1992.At thetime of the firstinterview,atleastone of the partnerswas overtheage of
50.发生The researchersexamined howthe onsetof fourserious physicalillnesses affectedmarriages Theyfound that,overall,31%of marriagesended indivorce overthe periodstudied Theincidence ofnew chronic慢性的illness onsetincreased overtime aswill withmore husbandsthan wivesdeveloping serioushealthproblemsW efound thatwo menare doublyvulnerable tomarital break-up in the faceof illness“Karraker said“ThcYre more likely to be widowed,and ifthe,is thenoes whobecome iH,they remore likely to getdivorced.vW hilethe studydidri tassess whydivorce inmore likelywhen wivesbut nothusbands becomeseriouslyill,Karraker offersa fewpossible reasons.Gender normsand socialexpectations aboutcaregixdngmany makeit moredifficult formen toprovide careto sick spouses/Karraker saidAnd because of theimbalancein marriagemarkets especiallyin olderages,divorced menhave morechoices amongprospective partnersthandivorced women”Given theincreasing concernabout healthcare costsfor theaging population,Karraker believespolicy makersshouldbe awareof therelationship betweendisease andrisk ofdivorce.Offering supportservices tospouses caringfor theirother halvesmay reducemarital stressand preventdivorceat olderages,“she said“But ifsalso importantto recognizethat thepressure todivorce may behealth-related andthat sickex-wives mayneed additionalcare andservices toprevent worseninghealth andincreasedhealth costs”
46.What canwe learnabout marriagevo wsfrom thepassageA Theymay notguarantee alasting marriage;B They are asbinding as they used to be.C They are nottaken seriouslyany more.D Theymay helpcouples tideover hardtimes.
47.What didKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLatham findabout elderlyhusbandsA They are generallynot goodat takingcare of themselvesB They can becomeincreasingly vulnerable to seriousillnessesC Theycan developdifferent kindsof illnessesjust like their wivesD Theyarem orelikely tocontract seriousillnesses thantheir wives
48.What doesKarraker sayabout women whofall illA Theyare morelikely tobewidowedB Theyare morelikelytoget divorcedC Theyare less likelyto receivegood care.D Theyarelesslikelytobother theirspouses
49.Why isit moredifficult formen to take careof theirsickspousesaccording toKarrakerA Theyare moreaccustomed toreceiving careB They findit morei mportantto makemoney for the family.C Theythink itmore urgentto fulfilltheir socialobligationsD Theyexpect societyto domore of the job
50.What doesKarraker thinkis alsoimportantA Reducingmarital stresson wivesBStabilizing oldcoupled relationsCProviding extracare fordivorced wom en.D Makingmen payfor theirwived healthcostsPassage TwoQuestions51to55are basedon thefollowing passage.兄弟If youwere likemost children,you probablygot upsetwhen yourmother calledyou bya siblings姐妹的name.How couldshe notknow youDid itmean sheloved youlessProbably notAccording to the firstresearch totackle this topic head-on,misnaming the most familiarpeople认知的in ourlife is a commoncognitive errorthat hasto dowith howour memories classifyand storefamiliarnamesThe study,published onlinein Aprilin thejournal Memoryand Cognition,found that the“wrong nameisnot randombut isinvariably fishedout from the samerelationship pond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudy did not examinethe possibilityof deeppsychological significancetothemistake sayspsychologistDavid Rubin,tut itdoes tellus whd sin andwhdsout ofthe group/The studyalso foundthat withinthat group,misnamings occurredwhere thenames sharedinitial orinternalsounds,like Jimmyand Joanieor Johnand Bob.Physicalresemblance betweenpeople was not afactor NorwasgenderThe researchersconducted fiveseparate surveysof morethan1,700people Someofthe surveys includedonlycollege students;others weredone with a mixed-age population.Some askedsubjects aboutincidents where一一someone closeto themfamily orfriend hadcalled themby anotherperson sname.The othersurveys askedabouttimes whensubjects hadthemselves calledsomeone closeto themby thewrong name.All thesurveys foundthatpeople mixedup nameswithin relationshipgroups suchas grandchildren,friends andsiblings buthardlyever crossedthese boundariesIngeneral,the studyfoundthatundergraduates werealmost as likely asold people to makethis mistakeandmen aslikely as women Older people andthis mistakeand menaslikelyaswomenOlderpeopleand womenmadethe mistakeslightly more often,but that maybebecause grandparentshave moregrandchildren tomix upthanparents havechildren.Also,mothers maycall on their childrenmore oftenthan fathersgiven traditionalgendernorms.There wasno evidencethat errorsoccurred morewhen themisnamer wasfrustrated,tired orangry.
51.How mightpeople oftenfeel when they weremisnamedA UnwantedBUnhappy.C ConfusedDIndifferent
52.What didDavid Rubirfsresearch findabout misnamingA It isrelated tothe wayour memorieswork.B It isapossible indicatorof afaulty mem ory;C Itoccurs mostlybetween kidsand theirfriends.D Itoften causesmisunderstandings amongpeople
53.What ismo stlikely thecause of misnam ingASi milarpersonality traitsBSi milarspellings of namesC Similar physicalappearance.D Similar pronunciationofnames.54What didthesurveysofmorethan1,700subjects findabout misnamingA Itmore oftenthan nothurts relationships.B Ithardly occursacross genderboundariesC It is mostfrequently foundin extendedfamiliesD Itmost oftenoccurs within a relationshipgroups
55.Why domothers misnametheir childrenmoreoftenthan fathersA They suffermore frustrationsB They becomeworn outmore oftenC They communicatemore withtheir childrenD They generallytake onmore workat home.Part IVTranslation30minutesDirections:For thispart you areallowed30minutes totranslate a passage fromChinese intoEnglish.Youshould writeyour answeron Answer Sheet
2.剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式,已有多年历史剪纸很可能源于汉代,继纸张发明2000之后从此,它在中国的许多地方得到了普及剪纸用的材料和工具很简单纸和剪刀剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的,因为红色在中国传统文化中与幸福相联因此,在婚礼、春节等喜庆场合,红颜色的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选B They will helpto popularizeearly marriageCThey willboost Chindseconomic growthD Theywillnot comeinto immediate effectQuestions5to7are basedon thenewsreportyou have just heard
5.A Cleaningservice ingreat demandall overthe worldBT woladies givingup well-paid jobsto docleaningC Anew companyto cleanup themess afterpartiesD Cleanersgainfully employedat nightsand weekends.
6.AIttakes alot ofti meto prepareBIt leavesthe housein am essCIt makesparty goersexhaustedD Itcreates noiseand misconduct
7.A Hirean AustralianlawyerB Visitthe U.S andCanadaC Settlea legaldisputeD Expand their businessSectionBDirections:In thissection,you willhear twolong conversationsAt theend ofeach conversation,you willhearfour questions.Both theconversation andthe questionswill bespoken onlyonce.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose thebest answerfrom thefour choicesmarked A,B,Cand D.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet1with asingle linethrough thecentraQ uestions8to11are basedon theconversation youhave justheard
8.A Hehad adriving lessonB He gothis drivedslicense.C Hetook thedrived stheoryexam.DHepassed thedriver sroadtest
9.A Hewas notwell prepared.BHe didnotget tothe examinti me.C Hewasnotusedtothe testfor matDHedidnot followthe testprocedure
10.A Theyare tough.BTheyare costly.CTheyare helpful.DTheyare tooshort
11.A Passhis roadtest thefirst time.B Test-drive afew timeson highways.C Findan experienceddriving instructorDEarn enoughmoney fordriving lessonsQuestions12to15are basedon theconversation youhave justheard
12.A Wherethe womanstudiesB Theacceptance rateat Leeds.C Leeddtuition forinternational studentsDHow toapply forstudies ata university.
13.A ApplytoanA m eri canuniversityB Doresearch onhigher education.C Performin afamous musicalDPursue postgraduatestudies14A Hisfavorable recommendationsB Hisoutstanding musicaltalentC Uisacade mic excellence.D Hisunique experience.
15.A Doa mastersdegreeB Settledown inEnglandC Travelwidely;D TeachoverseasSection CDirections:In thissection,you willhear threepassages.At theend ofeach passage,you willhear threeorfour questionsBoth thepassage andthe questionswill bespokenonlyonce.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose thebest answerfromthefour choicesmarked A,B,C andD.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet1with asingle linethrough thecentreQuestions16to18are basedon thepassage youhavejustheard
16.A Theyhelp farmerskeep diseasesin check.B Manyspecies remain unknownto scientistsCOnly afew speciescause troubleto humans.DTheylive inincredibly well-organized colonies
17.ATheyare largerthan manyother speciesBTheycancause damageto peopleshornes.CTheycan survivealong timewithout waterDThey liketo formcolonies inelectrical units
18.A Denythemaccess toany food.B Keepdoors andwindows shutCDestroy theircolonies closeby.D Refrainfrom eatingsugary food.Questions19to21are basedon thepassage youhavejustheard
19.AThefunction ofthe human immune system.BThecauseofvarious auto-immune diseasesCThe virusesthatmayinfect thehumanimmune system.DThechange inpeopld simmunesystemastheyget older
20.A Reporttheir illnessesBOffer bloodsamplesC Actas researchassistants.D Helpto interviewpatients
21.A Strengtheningpeopld simmunity toinfection.B Betterunderstanding patient^immune system.C Helpingimprove oldpeople shealthconditionsD Furtherreducing oldpatient^medical expensesQuestions22to25are basedon thepassage youhavejustheard
22.A Hisstudents hadtrouble gettingon witheach otherBA lotof kidsstayed atschool to do theirho mework.C Hisstudents werestruggling tofollow hislessonsD Agroup ofkids wereplaying chessafter schooL
23.A Visita chessteam inNashvilleB Join the schools chesstea in.C Participatein anational chessco mpetition.D Receivetraining for a chesscompetition.24A Most of themcome fromlow-income familiesBMany havebecome nationalchess championsCA coupleofthemhave gotinvolved incri mes.D Manybecame chesscoaches aftergraduation
25.A Actionsspeak louderthan wordsBThink twicebefore taking actionC Translatetheir wordsinto actionDTake actionbefore itgets toolatePart IIIReading Comprehension40minutesSection ADirections:In thissection,there isapassage with tenblanks Youare requiredto selectone wordfor eachblankfromalist ofchoices giveninaword bankfollowing thepassage.Read thepassage throughcarefullybefore makingyour choicesEach choicein thebank isidentified bya letterPlease markthe correspondingletterfor eachitem onAnswer Sheet2with asingle linethrough thecentre You may notuse anyofthewordsin thebank morethan once.The centerof American automobileinnovation hasin thepast decademoved2,000miles away.It has26_fromDetroit toSilicon Valley,where selFdriving vehicles arecoming into lifeIn a27to takeproduction backto Detroit,Michigan lawmakershave introduced28that couldmake theirstatethe bestplace inthe country,if not the world,to developsef drivingvehicles andput thein onthe road.Michigan s29in autoresearch anddevelopment isunder attackfrom severalstates andcountries whichdesireto30______________________________our leadershipin transportation.W ecarf tlet happerf,saysSenator MikeKo wall,the lead31of four bills recentlyintroducedIf allfourbillspass aswritten,they would32a substantialupdate ofMichi garis2013law thatallowedthe testingof sefdrivingvehiclesin limitedconditions Manufacturerwould havenearly totalfreedom totest theirself-driving technologyon publicroads.They wouldbe allowedto sendgroups of selfHdrivingcars oncross-state roadtrips,and evenset on-demand33______________________________ofself^drivingcars,liketheone GeneralM otorsand Lyftare buildingLawmakersin Michiganclearly want to makethe stateready forthe commercialapplication ofseLFdrivingtechnology.In34__________________,California,home ofSilicon Valley,recently proposedfar more35____rules thatwould requirehuman driversbe readytotakethe wheel,and commercialuse ofselFdrivingtechnology.A bidBcontrastC deputyDdominanceE fleetsFknotsG legislationHmigratedI replaceJrepresentk restrictiveLrewardM significantNsponsorO transmittedSection BDirections:In thissection,you are going toread apassagewithten statementsattached toeach statementcontainsinformation givenin oneoftheparagraphs.Identify theparagraph fromwhich theinformation isderived.Youmaychoose aparagraph morethan onceEach paragraphis marked with aletter:Answer thequestionsby markingthe correspondingletter onAnswerSheet
2.How WorkW illChange When MostofUs Liveto100百岁老人.A TodayintheUnited Statesthere are72,000centenarians Worldwide,Probably450,
000.If currenttrends continuethen by2050there willbe morethan amillion inthe USalone.Accordingto thework ofProfessor JamesVaupel andhis co-researchers,50%of babiesborn inthe USin2007have alifeexpectancy of104or moreBroadly tiiesame holdsfortheUK,Germany,France,Italy andCanada,andfor Japan50%of2007babies canexpect to live to
107.B Understandably,there areconcerns aboutwhat thismeans forpublic financesgiven theassociated healthandpension challengesThese challengesare real,and societyurgently needsto addressthem Butit isalsoimportant tolook at the widerpicture ofwhat happenswhen somany people live for100years,It isa mistake长寿to simplyequate longevitywith issuesof oldage.Longer liveshave implications forall of life,not justtheend of itCOur viewis thatif manypeople areliving for longer;and arehealthier for longer;then thiswill resultinan inevitableredesign ofwork andlife Whenpeoplelive longer;they arenot onlyolder forlonger;butalso youngerforlongerThere issome truthinthesaying that70is thenew6or40thenew
30.“If youage moreslowly overa longertime period,then youare insome senseyounger forlongerDBut thechanges gofurther thanthat Take^for instance,the ageat whichpeople makecom mitmentssuchas buyinga housegetting married,having children,or startinga careerThese areall fundamentalcommitmentsthat are now occurringlater inlife.In1962,50%of Americans weremarried byage
21.By2014,that里程碑milestone hadshifted toage
29.E Whilethere arenumerous factorsbehind theseshifts,one factoris surelya growing realizationfor theyoungthat theyaregoingto livelonger Optionsaremorevaluable thelonger theycan beheld Soif youbelieveyou willlivelonger;then optionsbecome morevaluably andearly commitment becomesless attractiveTheresult isthat thecom mitmentsthat previouslycharacterized thebeginning ofadulthood arenow beingdelayed,and newpatterns ofbehavior andanewstage oflife areemerging forthosein theirtwentiesF Longevityalso pushesback theage ofretirement,and notonly forfinancial reasonsYes,unless peopleareprepared tosave alot morgour calculationssuggest thatif youarenowin yourmid-40s,then youarelikely towork until your early70s;and ifyouarein yourearly20s,there isareal chanceyou willneedto workuntilyourlate70s orpossibly eveninto your80s.But evenif peopleare ableto economically support认知的a retirementat65,over thirtyyears ofpotential inactivityis harmfulto cognitiveand emotionalvitalityMany peoplemay simplynot wanttodoitG Andyet thatdoes notmean thatsimply extendingour careersis appealingJust lengtheningthat secondstageof full-time workmay securethe financialassets neededfora100-year lifebut suchpersistent workwillinevitably exhaustprecious intangibleassets suchas productiveskills vitalityhappiness,and friendshipHThe sameis truefor education.Itisimpossible thatasingleshot ofeducation,administered inchildhoodand earlyadulthood,willbeabletosupport asustained,60-year careerIf youfactor inthe projectedratesof technologicalchange,either yourskills will become unnecessary,or yourindustry outdatedThat meansthateveryone willat somepoint in their lif®have tomake anumber ofmajor reinvestmentsintheir skillsI Itseems likelythen,thatthetraditional three-stage life will evolveinto multiplestages containingtwo,three,or ovenmore differentcareers Eachof thesestages couldpotentially bedifferent Inone thefocuscould beon buildingfinancial successand personalachievement,in anotheron creatinga betterw ork/lifebalance,still anotheron exploringand understandingoptions morefull%or becomingan independentproduceryet anotheron makinga socialcontribution.These stageswill spansectors,take peopleto differentcitiesand provideFoundation forbuilding aw idevariety ofskills休假J Transitionsbetween stagescould bemarkedwithsabbaticals aspeople findthem restand rechargetheirhealth,re-invest intheir relationships,or improvetheirskillsAt times,these breaksand transitionswillbe self-determined,at othersthey willbe forcedas existingroles,firms,or industriescease toexistK Amulti-stage life will haveprofound changesnot justin howyou manageyour career;but alsoinyour approachto lifeAn increasinglyi mportantskill willbe yourability todeal withchange andevenwelcome itA three-stage lifehas fewtransitions,while a multi-stage lifehas many.That iswhy beingself-aware,investing inbroader networksof friends,and beingopen tonew ideaswillbecomeeven morecrucialskills.LThese multi-stage liveswill createextraordinary varietyacross groupsof peoplesimply becausethereare somany waysof sequencingthe stagesMore stagesmean morepossible sequencesMWith thisvariety willcome theendofthe closeassociation ofage andstage.Ina three-stagelifg peopleleave universityatthe same timeandthesame age,they tendto starttheir careersand familyatthesameage,they proceedthrough middlemanagement allroughly thesame time,and thenmove intoretirementwithin afew yearsofeachother Ina multistage life youcould bean undergraduateat20,40,or60;a managerat30,50,or70;and becomean independentproducerat anyage.N Currentlife structures,career paths,educational choices,and socialnorms areout oftune withthe emergingrealityof longerlifespans Thethree-stage lifeof fullHimeeducation,followed bycontinuous work,and thencompleteretirement mayhave workedfor ourparents oreven grandparent^but itis notrelevant today.Webelieve thatto focuson longevityas primarilyan issueof agingistomiss itsfull implications.Longevityis notnecessarily aboutbeing olderforlongerItisabout livinglonger;being olderlater;and beingyoungerlonger
36.An extendedlifespan inthe futurewill allowpeopletohave morecareers thannow.
37.Just extendingone scareer mayhave bothpositive andnegative effects
38.Nowadays,many Americans haveon averagedelayed theirmarriage by some eightyears
39.Because of their longerlifespan,young peopletoday nolonger followthe patternoflifeoftheirparentsor grandparents.
40.Many morepeople willbe expectedtoliveover100by themid_21st century.
41.A longerlifewillcause radicalchanges inpeople sapproachtolife
42.Fast technologicalchange makesit necessaryfor oneto constantlyupgrade theirskills
43.Many peoplemay notwanttoretire earlybecause itwould doharm totheir mentaland emotionalwell-being
44.The closelink betweenage andstage maycease toexist inamulti-stagelife
45.People livingalonger andhealthi erlifewillhave torearrange theirw orkand lifeSectionCDirections:There are2passages inthissectionEach passageis followedbysomequestions orunfinishedstatements Foreach ofthem thereare fourchoicesmarkedA,B,C andD.Youshould decide onthe bestchoiceand markthe correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle linethrough thecentre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are basedonthefollowing passage.誓约,In theclassic inamage vowcouples promise tostay togetherin sicknessand inhealth Buta newstudyfinds thatthe riskofdivorceamong oldercouples riseswhenthewife-notthehusband—becomes seriouslyill。