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英语专项过去完成时态过去完成时态(Past PerfectTense)用于描述在过去某一时间点或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作它由助动词had加上过去分词构成就是“过去”的过去过去完成时态常用于以下情况
1.表示过去某一时间点之前的动作或事件例如-She had already leftwhen Iarrived.(当我到达时,她已经离开了)-They had finished dinnerby thetime wegot there.(我们到达的时候,他们已经吃完晚饭了)
2.表示过去某一动作或状态在另一过去动作之前已经完成例如-1had readthat bookbefore Iwatched the movie.(在看这部电影之前,我已经读过那本书了)-He had already leftthe partywhen Icalled him.(当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了派对)
3.在间接引语中,主句使用过去完成时,表示过去所引述的话或想法是在引述者原来说话或思考的时间之前例如-She saidshe had never beento Parisbefore.(她说她以前从未去过巴黎)-He toldme thathe had already finishedthe project.(他告诉我他已经完成了这个项目)需要注意的是,在过去完成时态中,通常会有另一个过去时态的参照点,用来比较动作的先后顺序过去完成时态本身并不指定动作的具体时间,而是强调在已经过去的某一时间点之前的完成状态大家牢记过去完成时态的时间标志词同时满足2个条件A:by/by theend of/by thetime/when/before B表示一般过去时态的的时间或动作以下是具体的例子
1.By thetime Igot homelast night,my momhad alreadygone tobed.(我昨晚到家的时候,妈妈已经睡觉了,“by thetime”表示动作发生前的一点时刻)
2.When Iarrived at the airport,the flighthad alreadytaken off.(我到达机场的时候,飞机已经起飞了,when表示两个动作在同一时间发生)
3.By theend ofthe movie,I hadalready eatenall thepopcorn.(电影结束的时候,我已经吃完了所有的爆米花,by theend of表示动作完成时的时间点)
4.Before Istarted workingatthe company,it hadalready beeninbusiness forten years.(在我开始在公司工作之前,公司已经经营了十年,“before”表示动作发生前)
5.By thetime hefinished hishomework,it hadalready gottendarkoutside.(他完成作业时,外面已经变黑了,bythetime”强调动作发生前的某一时间点)以上的例句中,过去完成时态的动作比表示一般过去时态的动作先发生这种句式非常常见,它强调过去完成的状态在过去发生的时间点之前已经完成时间标志词用来明确动作发生的时间顺序和关系过去完成时与现在完成时的区别两者主要区别是时间的参照点不同过去完成时的时间参照点是某个过去的时间;现在完成时的时间参照点现在因此现在完成时中的很多规则,也适用于过去完成时>(列句:When Igot tothe cinema,the filmhad beenon for fiveminutes.当我到达电影院时,电影已演了五分钟了(got是一个过去的时间点,电影开始在我到达之前,是过去的过去因为forfiveminutes为延续一段的时间状语,应用可延续的系表结构be on的过去完成时形式)注过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去,只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它,因此当原句中若找不到一个过去的时间作为参照点时,是不能用过去完成时的小试牛刀下面是15道关于过去完成时态的填空题()
1.By thetime he arrive atthe party,all thefood hadbeen eaten.()
2.She couldntfind herkeys becauseshehad misplacethemearlier.
3.Before Iwent tobed,Ifinish reading the book.
4.When theywoke up,the sunalready/rise.
5.By thetime wereached the cinema,the moviestart.
6.He wastired becausehework allday.
7.Sarah hadnever seenthat moviebefore,but sheheara lotabout it.
1.1was surprisedbecause1had neverseesnow before.
9.By thetime theyarrived,the concertend.
10.Before theguests arrived the hostpreparea deliciousmeal.fIL When1arrived atthe storetheyclose forthe day.f
12.By thetime shefinished herpresentation,the audienceleave theroom.
13.He couldntbuy theconcert ticketsbecause they had sellout.
14.Before Imoved tothis cityIlive ina smalltown.f
15.When Isaw himhealready/leave for work.f填空题的答案
1.By thetime hearrived atthe partyall thefood hadbeen eaten.f
2.She couldntfind herkeys becauseshe hadmisplaced themearlier.
3.Before Iwent tobed,I had finished readingthe book.
4.When theywoke up,the sunhadalreadyrisen.
5.By thetime wereached thecinema,the moviehad started.
6.He wastired becausehe hadworked allday.
7.Sarah hadnever seenthat moviebefore butshe hadheard alotfabout it
1.1was surprisedbecause1hadneverseen snowbefore.
9.By thetime theyarrivedtheconcert hadended.f
10.Before theguests arrived,the hosthad prepareda deliciousmeal.
11.When Iarrived atthe storetheyhadclosed forthe day.f
12.By thetime shefinished herpresentation,the audiencehad lefttheroom.
13.He couldntbuy theconcert ticketsbecause theyhad soldout.
14.Before Imoved tothis cityI hadlived ina smalltown.f
15.When Isaw him,he hadalready leftforwork.二以下是道使用不同答案选项的过去完成时态的选择题
101.By thetime shearrived atthe party,her friendsall thefood.a eatbatec wereeatingd hadeaten
2.When theyreached thesummit,they realizedthat theythe highestpeak.a reachedb had reachedc will reachdreach
3.After he hadfinishedhis exams,heavacation.a tookbtakescwill takedis taking
4.By thetime theyarrived atthecinema,the movie.a hadstartedb startedcwill startdstarts
5.When sheopened the door,she sawthat someoneinto herhouse.awill breakb brokec had brokendbreaks
6.After theyhad watchedthe sunset,they fordinner.a wentbgo cwill godgoes
7.By thetime hewoke up,his friendshim manymessages.asentbhad sentcwill senddsends
8.When theyarrived atthe museum,it forrenovations.a hadclosedb closedcwill closedcloses
9.After shehadfinished readingthe book,she itto herfriend.a gavebgivesc willgived giving
10.By thetime theygot home,their parentsalready.a hadleftb Ie代cwillleaved leaves以下是正确的答案
1.d hadeaten
2.b hadreached
3.a took
4.a hadstarted
5.chadbroken
6.a went
7.bhadsent
8.a hadclosed
9.a gave
10.a hadleft三请将其翻展成英曲…
1..我们去看电影之前,他.已经把电影票买好工一22」我们到达那儿此…她已经离开工总.你回到家后,发现门没关,有人已经闯进来了34」我们旅行.结束以后「他给我进工他的二些故事一3」当我到达火至站时一火车.已经开.走了
2.,d一在他去伦敦之直L…他己经学习工所宜重要的单词.…我们跟他聊天之前,他已经读完了这本书
7.在我们找到时间去见面之前,他已经等了一个小时了
8.9」荏比赛结束之前,…他己经获得工五仝冠军奖杯
2.里.…在我去公司之前…他已经把所有的支件整理好工…以下是上述句子的正确答案
1.He hadalready boughtthe movietickets before we went to watchthemovie.
2.She hadalready leftwhen wearrived there.
3.When yougot home,you foundthedooropen andsomeone hadalready brokenin.
4.After ourtrip ended,he toldme someof hisstories.
5.When Iarrived atthe trainstation,the trainhadalreadyleft.
6.Before hewent toLondon,hehadstudied allthe importantwords.
7.He hadfinishedreadingthebookbeforewehadachat withhim.
8.He hadbeen waitingfor anhour beforewe foundtime tomeet.
9.He hadwon fivechampionship trophiesbefore thecompetition ended.
10.He hadorganized allthe documentsbefore Iwenttothecompany.。