还剩8页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分主语可以作主语的成分有名词如boy,主格代词如I,we,he,she,they,数词、动词不定式,动名词等最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式主语一般在句首1名词作主语En-lishis veryimportant.英语是很重要的The studentsalllove theirEnglish teacher.这些学生都爱他们的英语老师2代词作主语Theygo toschool bybus.他们乘公共汽车上学3动名词作主语Watchin TVtoo muchisbad foryour eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的Ifs nouse regrettingit.后悔是无用的4动词丕定式短语作主语To seeis to believe眼见为实It isnecessary tomaster aforeign lanquage.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语谓语由动词构成,谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上,一般在主语之后1及物动词作谓语We shouldhelpeach other.我们应该互相帮助AH ofthe studentslikethe novel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说2不及物动词作谓语You5re drivingtoofast.你开车开得太快了The teachercame in,book inhand.老师走进教室,手里拿着书3连系动词作谓语He looksworried.他看起来很担心The boxitself i^not soheavy.箱子本身并不重4复合谓语
①由情态动词加动词原形构成如:You maykeepthe bookfor twoweeks.
②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成如Doyou speakEnglishThey areworkingin afield.He hascaughta badcold.注意谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致宾语宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语成分一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格”如me,us,him,her,themI likeChinese food.我喜欢中国菜I sawhimyesterday.(代词)昨天我看到他了I enioyedtalking toyou.我和你谈话很高兴He wantedto havea cupof tea.(不定式短语)他想要一杯茶We hopedthat youwould stayfor afew days.我们希望你能多待几天的直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语合称双宾例如He gave me someink.他给了我一些墨水间接宾语直接宾语Our teachertold usan interestingstory.老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事间接宾语直接宾语表语与连系动词连用,构成系表结构,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当如The floweris beautiful.They arebrother andsister.他们是兄妹Her fatheris sixtyfve.她父亲65岁The poorboy wasmyself,那个可怜的孩子就是我自己All youneed doistotake ataxi fromthe airuort.你只需从机场打个的即可My favouritesport isswimming.我最喜爱的运动是游泳定语定语为句子的次要成分,起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,可分为前置定语和后置定语一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当如1)His fatheris adoctor.他父亲是一名医生(代词)2)Mr.Green hastwosons.格林先生有两个儿子(数词)3)The qirlunder thetreeis Kate.在树下的那个女孩是凯特(介词短语)4)I bought a newdictionary.我买了本新字典5)This is a口reencup.这是一个绿色的杯子(形容词)6)The peoplehereare veryfriendly.(副词)这里的人们非常友好7)Would youlike somethingto drink你想要些喝的东西吗?(不定式)8)A barkingdog seldombites.吠狗很少咬人(V-ing)9)The suggestionsent to the committeewas adopted.(过去分词)送往委员会的建议被采纳了10)Do youknow theman whois standingnext toMr.Green(定从)你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗?状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如often)或程度(如almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前
(1)时间状语I oftenget upat5:30in themorning.我常常在早上5:30起床Hearing thnnews,they feltvery excited.听到这个消息,他们感到很兴奋Jim wentto Shanghaiyesterday.(时间状语,句末)⑵地点状语Pandas onlylive inChina.熊猫仅生活在中国I methim in thestreet.(地点状语)
(3)程度状语He isquite young.(修饰adj.,放在adj.前)
(4)目的状语Well go to thebeach fora picnicthis Sunday.这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊He tooksome changefrom hispocket tobuy anewspaper.他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸She gotup earlyso thatshe couldcatch thefirst bu她早早地起床,以便能够赶上这辆早班车5方式状语We usuallygo toschool onfoot.我们通常步行去上学Please doit asI toldyou.请按我告诉你的去做6让步状语Though shehas alot ofmoney,she isunhappy.虽然她很有钱,而她并不幸福No maOerwhat happens,I willnever loseheart.无论发生什么,我将决不失去信心7条件状语If youdont workhard,youll fallbehind theothers.假如你不努力学习,你将落后于别人Given moreattention,the flowerswould havegrown better.如果给予更多的关心的话,这些花将长得更好8原因状语We didntgo to the parkbecause ofthe badweather.由于天气不好,我们没有去公园Because hewas ill,he didntgotoschool.由于病了,他没有去上学9结果状语The windwas sostrong thatwe couldhardly moveforward.风是如此地猛烈,以致于我们寸步难行He leftearly,so thathe caughtthe train.他早早地离去,结果因此赶上了火车10伴随状语The doctorhurried off,with amedicine boxunder hisarm.这位医生匆匆离去,胳膊下夹着一个药箱子The teachercame intothe classroom,followed bya groupof hisstudents.老师进到教室里来,后面跟着一群学生补语补语是起补充说明作用的成份最常见的是宾语补足语名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补1We call her XiaoLi.名词宾语宾语补足语2You mustkeep theroom cleanand tidy.形容词宾语宾语补足语3John askedme tohelp himwith hisChinese.动词不定式宾语宾语补足语4I willhave myhair cuttomorrow.过去分词宾语宾语补足语5We sawthe boyplaying basketballonthe playgroundjust now.v-ing宾语宾语补足语6Rain makesplants grow,雨水使植物生长动词原形宾语宾补注意后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等,后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep,find,get,think,make等动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,sound,等,使役动词如let,have,make等,动词不定式不带to英语中的五种基本句型结构
一、句型主语+谓语1Subject Verb这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语常见的动词如work,sing,swim,fishjump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等如1Li Mingworksvery hard.李明学习很努力2The accidenthappenedyesterday afternoon.3Spring iscumin公4We havelived in the cityfor tenyears.5The sunwas shining.太阳在照耀着
二、句型主语+系动词+俵语2Subject Link.V Predicate这种句型主要用来表示主语的身份、特点等其系动词一般可分为下列两类表示状态这样的词有等如:1be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep1This kindof foodtastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口2He lookedworried justnow.刚才他看上去有些焦急3The dinnersmells good.午餐的气味很好
(2)表示变化这类系动词有become,turn^get,grow,go等如1)Spring comes.It is口ettinqwarmer andwarmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和2)The treehas.rownmuch tallerthan before.这棵树比以前长得高多了3)His faceturnedred.他的脸红了
三、句型(主语)+(谓语)+(宾语)3Subject VerbObject这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当例1)He tookhis bagand left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了2)Li Leialways helpsme whenI havedifficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助3)She plansto travelinthecoming MayDay.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游4)She likeswatching TV.(动名词)她喜欢看电视5)I dontknow whatI shoulddo next.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么注意英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词
四、句型(主语)+(谓语)+(间接宾语)4Subject VerbIndirect object+Direct object(直接宾语)这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担引导这类双宾语的常见动词有等buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send如1)Her fatherbought hera dictionaryasa birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物)2The oldman alwaystells thechildren storiesabout theheroesintheLong March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事3)Sandy cavethe do口some food.桑迪给狗喂了些食物上述句子还可以表达为)1Her fatherboughtadictionary forheras a birthdaypresent.)2The oldman alwaystells storiesaboutthe heroestothechildrenin theLongMarch.)3Sandy gavesome foodtothedog.
五、句型(主语)+(动词)(宾语)(补语)5Subject Verb+Object+Complement此句型的句子的共同特点是动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整宾语补足语位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等如1)You shouldkeep theroom deanand tidy.(形容词)你应该让屋子保持干净整洁2)They paintedthe doorgreen.(形容词)他们把门漆成绿色3)We madehim ourmonitor,名词)我们选他当班长4)What makeshim thinkso(动词原形)他怎么会这样想?5)His fathertold himnot toplayin thestreet.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩6)My fatherlikes towatch theboys playingbasketball.(现在分词)7)I sawa catrunning acrossthe road.(现在分词)我看见一只猫跑过了马路.8)Yesterday Ihad apicture takenwithtwo Americans.(过去分词)昨天我跟两个美国人合了张影)9I foundit difficultto learnEnglish.(形容词It充当形式宾语,to learnEnglish是真正的宾语)我发现学英语很难简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀:英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵句型种类看动词,后接成分是关键系词之后接表语,不及物后无需连及物又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见还有宾语补足语,各种搭配记心间Exercises:指出下列句子中划线部分的成分
1.We allstudy hardat English,A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语
2.Betty likesher newbike verymuch.A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语
3..My brotherisa辿iceman.A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语
4.Were youat homelast nightA.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语
5..Winter isthe coldestseason ofthe year.A定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语
6.He oftenwalks inthe park.A.定语B.状语C.宾语D.表语
7.Mary askedme tohelp heryesterday.A.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语
8..He boughtme anice presentlast week.A.宾语B.直接宾语C间接宾语D.宾补
9.His parentsare doctors.A.宾语B.表语
1.Fil getyou C.谓语D.定语some teanow.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补
11.My mothertold usan interestingstorylast night.A.表语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补
12..He hasreadthe booktwice.A.主语B.谓语C.表语D.宾语
13.They seemedunhappywhen theyheard thenews.A.表语B.谓语C.宾语D.定语
14.Do youhave somethingto eatA.状语B.定语C宾语D.宾补
15..We madehim ourmonitor.A.宾语B.定语C.状语D.宾补Exercises:指出下列句子的基本类型
1.They arelistening.
2.My motheris fiftynow.
3.I havebought threebooks.
4.My friendgavemeabirthdaypresent.
5..I paintedthe wallwhite.
6.The bossoften makesthe workerswork twelvehours aday.
7.They arrivedat sixoclock.
8.The mapis onthe wall
9.Children oftensing thissong.
10.Mr Wuteaches usEnglish.
11.She showedher friendsallherpictures.
12.I findhim alovely boy.请朗读以下句子,划分下列句子的成分,并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种
1.Our countryconsumes alarge numberof plastic bags.
2.The super-thin bagsare themain sourceof whitepollution.
3.We shouldencourage peopleto returnto carryingcloth bags.
4.The new rule cameout.
5.Enviornmental groupswelcome thenewrule.
6.They canstop usingplastic bags.
7.What isparticularly positiveis thatit involvespublic participation.
8.Shops dontoffer free plasticbagsto theirconsumers.
9.Hong Kongand Australiaare consideringmeasures tocurb plasticbag litter.
10.Chinese consumershave gottenused tofreeplasticshopping bags.。