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年甘肃省天水市甘谷县考研《英语一》考前冲刺试题2023Section IUse ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best wordsfor eachnumbered blankand markA,B,C orD on the ANSWERSHEET.10pointsAn oldman hadbeen workingfor manyyears for a town.His jobwas toclear awaynatural wastefrom thepool waterin the hills,whichmade up the lovelyriver flowingthrough the town nearby.Quietly and1the oldman guardedthe hills,2the leavesand branches,andcleaned upthe dirtthat wouldhave3and pollutedthe freshflow ofwater.The townsoon becamea popularattraction fortourists.天鹅Elegant swansfloated alongthe clearriver and the viewwas sobeautiful4words.Years passed.One eveningthetown5met.As theyreviewed thebudget,one mans6caught sightof thesalary7being paidto the「seldom seenkeeper of the river.He askedWho is the oldman Whydo w8to employhim Noonein towneve〉9him.For allwe know,the strangekeeper of the hillsisnt doinghis job.His positionisnt10any longer/9Then theyvotedto11the man.For severalweeks,nothing changed....By earlyautumn,the treesbegan to12their leaves.Small branchesbroke offand fellinto thepools of thehills,13the flowof theshiningwater.One afternoon,someone noticeda slightyellowish-brown14in the river.A few days later,the waterwas much15Within anotherweek,an oilysomething coveredsome sectionsof thewater alongthe banks,and aterrible16was soonsensed.Swansleft andso didthe17The onlything thatwas nowvisiting thevillage wasdisease andsickness.Quickly,the18town committeecalled aspecial meeting.Realizing theirhuge errorin19they rehiredthe oldkeeper of the riveragain,and withina fewweeks,theriverbegan toclear up.Swans andtourists cameback again and newlife returnedto thesmall townin theAlps.Never ignorethe seemingsmallness ofa task,job orlife.They mayall make a
201、A.regularly B.suddenly C.naturally D.actually2A.cut B.burned C・removed D.selected、3A.carried B.poured C.changed D.blocked、4A.beyond B.with C.in D.after、5A.office B.association C.department D.committee、6A.eye B.care C.hand D.mind
7、A.list B.form C・figure D.account、8A.promise B.continue C.stop D.tendEven oneperson canmake a big differenceby eatingless meat and movingtoward a plant-based dietand makecontributions tothehealth of the planetas wellas your own.Recognize howthe foodwe eatis connectedto otherliving beings.It oftenhelps usmake、much wiserbuying choices.4This way,we willhelp people around the world enjoymore eco-friendly andnutritious foods.、5When youchange your diet to be moresustainable,you becomevisible proofthat changingour foodhabits isdoable,healthy,and enjoyable.A.Little thingsmatter inyour relationshipwith the earth.B.By buyingmindfully,we supportlocal,affordable agriculture.C.But we can changeourdietto healtheearthas weheal ourselves.D.Unfortunately,the majorityis usedto raiselivestock orfor cropsconsumed by them.E.Your choicescreate positiveimpacts on the foodsystem andinspire thepeople aroundyou.F.Theres onestep youcan takeright awayto reduceharm toMother Earth.G.We cantry toreduce wasteby usingleftovers andeating thefresh producewe buy.参考答案Section IUse ofEnglish、
11.A
2.C
3.D
4.A
5.D
6.A
7.C
8.B
9.D
10.C
11.B
12.A
13.C
14.B
15.D
16.B
17.D
18.A
19.C
20.BSection IIReading Comprehension、
21.B
2.C
3.D
4.D、
31.C
2.D
3.A
4.C、
41.A
2.D
3.C
4.D、
51.B
2.C
3.D
4.B、
61.further/farther
2.,they
3.committed
4.to
5.does
6.than
9.Saying
10.missing、
71.knew
2.were playing
3.his
4.an
5..staring
6.depth
7.frightens
8.scared
9.at
10.nightsSection IIITranslation、
81.F
2.D
3.G
4.A
5.E、
91.F
2.D
3.C
4.B
5.E
9、A.visits B.hires C.tells D.sees、10A.powerful B.important C.necessary D.suitable、11A.find B.fire C.support D.forgot、12A.lose B.miss C.fall D.grow、13A.pulling B.speeding C.slowing D.pushing、14A.fish B.color C.flower D.leaf、15A.deeper B.cooler C,warmer D.darker、16A.sound B.smell C.wave D.taste、17A.managers B.passengers C.villagers D.tourists、18A.embarrassed B.annoyed C.discouraged D.diappointed、19A.arrangement B.assignment C.judgement D.amusement、20A.suggestion B.difference C.progress D.decisionSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following fourtexts.Answer the questions beloweach textby choosingA,B,C orD.Mark youranswers on()the ANSWER SHEET.40pointsText1(孑子)If ConfuciusL werealive todayand couldcelebrate hisSeptember28birthday with abigcake,there wouldbe alot ofcandles.Hed needa fanorastrong windto helphim putthem out.While manypeople in China rememberConfucius onhis specialday,few people in the United Stateswill givehim apassingthought.Ifs nothingpersonal.Most Americansdont evenremember thebirthdays of their ownnational heroes.But thatdoesnt meanthat Americansdont care about Confucius.In manyways hehas becomea bridgethat foreignersmust crossifthey want to reacha deeperunderstanding ofChina.In thepast twentyyears,the Chinesestudies programshave gainedhuge popularityin Westernuniversities.More recently,theChinese governmenthas setup ConfuciusInstitutes inmore than80countries.These schoolsteach bothChinese language and culture.(哲学).The maincourses ofChinese cultureusually includeChinese art,history andphilosophy Somesocial scientistssuggest that(利用)(缺陷)Westerners shouldtake advantage of ancientChinese wisdomto makeupthedrawbacks Westernphilosophy.Studentsin the United States,at the same time,are racingto learnChinese.So they will beready forlife ina worldwhere Chinais anequalpower withtheUnited States.Businessmen whohope tomake moneyinChinaare readingbooks aboutConfucius tounderstand theirChinesecustomers.So the old thinkersideas arestill aliveand well.Today Chinaattracts the West morethan ever,and itwill needmore tointroduceConfucius andChinese cultureto theWest.As for theoldthinker,he willnot beforgotten bypeoplein theWest,even ifhis birthdayis.、1The openingparagraph ismainly intendedto.A.provide somekey factsabout ConfuciusB.attract thereaders,interest in the subjectC.show greatrespect forthe ancientthinkerD.prove thepopularity ofmodern birthdaycelebrations、2We canlearn from Paragraph4that Americanstudents.A.take anactive partin ChinesecompetitionsB.try toget highscores inChinese examsC.have a great interestin studyingChineseD.fight for a chanceto learnChinese、3What isthebesttitle forthis passageA.Forgotten Wisdomin AmericaB.Huge Fansof theChinese LanguageC-Chinese Culturefor WesternersD.Old ThinkerwithaBig Future、4The passageis likelyto appear in.A,a biographyB.a historypaperC.a philosophytextbook D.a newspaperText2The year2018will markthe100th anniversaryof thedeadliest influenzaoutbreak in history.It isestimated that the influenza(瘟疫)pandemic of1918killed morethan50million peoplearound the world.Other estimatesgo muchhigher.Because ofa lackofmedical record-keeping,we maynever knowthe exactnumber.The influenzawas afast killer.Some victimsdied withinhours of their firstsymptoms.Others diedafter afewdays,their lungsfilledwith liquidand theychoked todeath.The1918flu pandemicwas alsodifferent fromother outbreaks.It struckmany young,healthy people.Viruses usuallyaffect sickor oldpeople.Although modernmedicine effectivelycontrols manydiseases,influenza remainsdifficult to protect against.The WorldHealthOrganization estimatesthat everyyear influenzakills250,000to500,000peoplearoundtheworld.Each year,medical scientists(疫苗)(免疫)develop fluvaccines whichoffer immunityfrom someinfluenza viruses.But theycan onlyguess whichform of thevirus willspread.Health officialsremain concernedabout anotherflu pandemic.New forms oftheflu virusappear regularly.One examplewas theswineflu orH1N1outbreak in
2009.Anthony Fauci,Director ofthe NationalInstitute ofInfectious Diseasesin theUnitedStatessaysthat viruscaused atrue pandemic.To stopthe nextpandemic,scientists arenow researchinghow tocreate a universal influenza vaccine.In October2017,Vanderbilt UniversityMedical Centerin theU.S.announced theUniversal InfluenzaVaccine Initiative.The universitysaidresearchers areleading aninternational effortto developauniversal influenzavaccinethat willprotect everyoneagainst all formsoftheflu anywherein theworld.The universityadded thatresearchers will begin testsin early
2018.the HumanVaccines Project,apublic——private partnership,is fundingthe project.However,until auniversal influenzavaccine is available,todays seasonalfluvaccine remainsimportant.、1What dowe knowabout theinfluenza in1918A.It sweptacross thewhole Europe.B.No onesurvived thefirst fewdays.C.It killedthe largestnumber ofpeople.D.It struckonly youngand healthypeople.、2Why isinfluenza difficulttoprotect againstA.It spreadstoo rapidly.B.It is quite easyto catch.C.No vaccineisavailable.D.Its hardto judgethe form of virus.、3What doesthe authorwanttotell bymentioning H1N1in2009A.New formsof flu virus keepsappearing.B,It was the mostserious inrecent years.C.It wascaused bythesamefluvirusof
1918.D.The H1N1virus wasdeadly aswell.、4What canwe learnabout theuniversalinfluenzavaccineA.The developmentisquitecostly.B.It willbe usedall overtheworld.C.It canprotectagainstallformsof flu.D.It willsoon comeinto usein
2019.Text3Learning NewVocabulary duringDeep SleepSleepingtime issometimes consideredunproductive time.This raisesthequestionwhether thetime spentasleep couldbe usedmoreproductively,e.g.for learninga newlanguage Up-to-now sleepresearch focusedon thestabilization andstrengthening ofmemoriesthat hadbeen formedduring wakefulness.However,learning during sleep hasrarely beenexamined.There isenoughevidence forwake-learned informationundergoing arevision byreplay in the sleeping brain.The replay during sleepstrengthens thestillweak memoryand leavesthe newlyacquired informationinthepre-existing storeof knowledge.If re-play during sleep improvesthe storageof wake-learned information,then first-play,i.e.the initialprocessing ofnewinformation,should alsobe possibleduringsleep.(语义的)The researchgroup ofKatharina Henkeexamined whethera sleepingperson isable toform newsemantic associationsbetweenplayed foreignwords andtranslation wordsduring the brain cells,active states,the so-called Up-states79It turnedout tobethat whatthey thoughtwas reasonable.When wereach deep sleep stages,our braincells progressivelycoordinate theiractivity.Duringdeep sleep,the braincells arecommonly activeforabrief periodof timebefore theyjointly enterinto astate ofbrief inactivity.The(交替)active stateis called“Up-state“andtheinactive state“Down-state”.The twostates alternateabout everyhalf-second.New evidencefor sleep-learning challengescurrent theoriesof sleepand theoriesof memory.The concept of sleepthat weareseparated from the physical environment isno longerreasonable.nIt,s falsethat complexlearning beimpossible during deep sleep/saysSimon Ruch,co-first-author.nIn howfar andwith whatconsequences deep sleep canbe appliedfortheacquisition ofnew informationwillbe atopic ofresearch inupcoming years,1says Katharina Henke.()The researchgroup ofKatharinaHenkeis part oftheInterfaculty ResearchCooperation IRC.Thirteen research groups inmedicine,biology andpsychology arepartofthe IRC.The aimof theseresearchgroupsis togaina better understanding ofthe(原理)mechanisms involvedin sleepand consciousness.、1Which ofthe followingshavent sleepresearchers achievedso farA.People canlearn vocabularyduringdeepsleep.B.Memories canbe stableand strongduringsleep.C.Wake-learned informationcan appearinthesleepingbrain.D.Re-playduringsleep improvesthe storageof wake-learned information.2What canbe inferredfromParagraph3A.“Up-state andDown-state”appearinturn duringdeepsleep.B.“Up-states“is anothername forthebraincells active states.C.Semantic associationsare importantfor languagelearning.D.The braincells,activestatesare centralfor sleep-learning.3Whatwill researchersdo withinseveral yearsaccording to the passageA.Make studyinthefollowing fieldssuch asmedicine andbiology.B.Separate usfrom thephysicalenvironment.C.Apply deepsleep forinformation learning.D.Discover theconcept of sleep.、4What isthe mainpurpose ofthe passageA.To introducea newway of vocabulary learning.B.To gainabetterunderstandingofthe mechanisms.C.To challengecurrent theoriesofsleepand theoriesof memory.D.To explainthe possibilityofvocabularylearning duringdeepsleep.Text4Early orLater DayCareMany youngparents areconfused aboutwhether their children shouldhave early day care,and therehave alwaysbeen differentviewson thissubject.The Britishpsychoanalyst JohnBowlby believesthat separationfrom parentsduring thesensitive“attachment periodfrom birthtothree mayscar achilds personalityand lead to psychologicalproblems inlater life.Some peoplehave drawnthe conclusionfromBowlbys work that childrenshould notbe subjectedto day care beforethree because oftheparental separationit causes,and manypeople do believethis.According toBowlby,agreatdeal ofpsychological harmcan occurwhen young children areseparated fromtheir parents.If theyareleft withouttouch fora while,theywillhave ahigher stresslevel.Parents9influence ontheir childrenswell-being maynever begreaterthan duringthe earliestyears of life,when achilds brainis developingrapidly andwhen nearlyall ofher orhis experiencesareshaped byparents andthe familyenvironment.(人类学家)However,there arecritics.Some anthropologistspoint outthatthelove affairbetween children and parentsfoundin modern societies does not usuallyexist intraditional societies.There hasbeen along historyofthefact thatfather andmother didnotbring uptheirchildrenalone.Plato,around394B.C.,argued thata systemof earlychild carewould freewomen toparticipate insociety.Results fromIsraeli andDutch studiesshow thatchild-raising dutiesare moreevenly distributedamong abroader groupofpeople.Besides,studies havereported that early daycare hasa neutralor slightlypositive effect on childrens development.They learnthebenefits ofbeing sociallysmart,understanding theconceptofsharing andcaring.They promoteconcentration skills,which isveryimportant intheir learning.There aregames wherechildren aretaught basiclanguageandmathematical skillsthrough storiesandeveryday examples.Common sensetells usthatearly daycarewould notbe sowidespread ifchildren hadproblems withit.But Bowlbysanalysisraises thepossibility thatit hasdelayed effects.The possibilitythat suchcare mightleadtomore mentalillness15or20years latercan onlybe exploredbythe useof statistics.Whatever thelong-term effects,parents sometimesfind the immediateeffects difficultto dealwith.Children underthree dislikeleaving theirparents andshow unhappiness.At theageofthree almostallchildren findit easyto gotothenursery.The matter,then,is far from beingclearly known,though experienceand availableevidenceindicate thatearly daycare isreasonable foryoung children.、1The passagemainly argueswhether.A.children overthree willaccept schooleducationB.children underthree shouldbe sentto nurseryschoolsC.the familyrelationship isdifferent intraditional societiesD.early daycare shouldbe totallyreplaced inmodernsocieties、2Which ofthefollowingsupports BowlbystheoryA.Early daycare wouldntbe sopopular ifit hadnegative effects.B.Separation fromparents foryoungchildrenis commoninhistory.C.Parents findtheimmediateeffects ofearly daycare difficultto dealwith.D.Studies showearlydaycare hasa positiveeffectonchildrensdevelopment.、3The authorsattitude towardsearlydaycare isthat.A.children underthree shouldstay withtheir parentsB・it haspotential benefitsfor bothchildrenandparentsC.the badeffect ofit onchildren willdisappear asthey growupD.it iscontroversial andthe settlementcalls fortheuseofstatistics、4Which ofthefollowingshows thedevelopment ofideas inthe passage(次要点)I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point C:Conclusion q第D..SM MmPart BDirections:Read thefollowing textand answerthe questionsby choosingthe mostsuitable subheadingfromthelist A-G foreachnumbered paragraph41—
45.There aretwo extrasubheadings whichyou do not needto use.Mark youranswerson the ANSWERSHEET.10pointsMany peoplethink thatwhen theybecome richand successful,happiness willnaturally followLet metell youthat nothing地狱is
1.farfromthe truthThe worldis fullof veryrich peoplewho areas miserableas if
2.were livingin hellWe havereadstories aboutmovie starswho
3.commit suicideor diedfrom drugsQuite clearly,money isnot theonly answer
4.all problems」Wealth obtainedthrough dishonestmeans5do not bring happinessLottery winningsdonotbring happinessGamblingwinnings donotbringhappiness Happinessis morea process
6.an endIt isa continuousprocess ofhonest,productive work
7.makesa realcontribution to others andmakes youfeel youareauseful,worthy personAs DrWayne puts
8.,“There isno wayto happinessHappinessistheway“There isno use
9.say Somedaywhen Iget acar,build ahouse andown myown business,when Iachieve thegoals,then Iwillbereally happy“Life justdoesnotworkthatway If you waitfor certainthings tohappen andneed theexternalcircumstances oflife tomake youhappy,you will always feelunfulfilled Therewillalwaysbe something
10.miss“What wouldyou doif youl.know thiswasthelast nightoftheworld”The twosmall girls
2.play blocksontherug whenMrJohnson asked3,wife thequestion Therewas4,easy,clean smellof freshcoffee inthe eveningairHe putforward thatquestion,stirring hiscoffee slowlyand
5.stare intoits
6.deep Itsjust afeeling;sometimesit
7.fright me;sometimes Imnot
8.scare
9.you Itfirst happenedabout four
10.night ago”Section HITranslationDirections:Translate thefollowing textinto Chinese.Write yourtranslation ontheANSWERSHEET.15points、Nobody likesto thinkthey are“that guy“at work.
1.So,what aresome ofthe rudestthings thatpeopledoat work一and whyshouldnt youdo themBehavingin anunacceptable wayThemost commonformofthis iseating smellyfoods atlunchtime.Other thingsalike includebody smelland itsopposite,the、.wearing ofstrong perfume,messy desks,or badbreath.2Checking emailon yourphone when youre talking tootherpeople、A recentsurvey showsthat49percent ofpeople saidtheir bosseschecked theirphones whiletalking withthem.
3.If youveeverwondered whyyour teammembers areunmotivated,this maybe why.In fact,whenyouretalkingto someone at work,you shouldreject anynon-important calls.、4Do youlike thesound of yourownvoice Great.Perhaps itstime youlearned tolike thesound ofother peoplesvoices too.Ifyou interruptothers whenthey speak,theyll dislikeyou anddiscount whateveryoure saying.And if you routinelytake up(独角戏),three quartersofthemeeting withyour monologuespeople willturn offand,quite rightly,start checkingemail ontheirphones.However,ifyoulisten towhat otherssay andshow interestby askingintelligent questions,they911love youandbe likelyto giveyou theirsupport whenyou speak.•Showing offhow muchyou earn、
5.If youshow offyour incometosomeoneand thendiscover youget lessthan them,you41look likea fbol.Ifyouearn more,theyll feeltired ofyou.So keepthem guessingand hideyour earningpower inquiet ways-like alwayspaying forthe teamcoffees.A.Talking allthe timeB・Being agood listenerC,Team-working cannever beignoredD.All thesethings willbecome partofyourpersonal brandE.Its bettertobemodest whenyou talkabout yourincomesF.Bad behavioratworkis common—and oftenwe doit withoutthinkingG.An interestingemail ismore valuablethan theperson youare actuallytalking toTomeet theglobal climatecrisis thatis approaching,big lifestylechanges arerequired ofthose ofus.The goodnews isthat(可持续发展的).our wayoflifecan remainmeaningful andworthy asour consumptionbecomes sustainable、1Eat lessmeatandmove towardaplant-based diet.This isone ofthe mosteffective thingswecando becausethe foodwe nowproduceand consumeis destroyingthe veryecosystems thatwe dependupon forsurvival.Here aresome ofthe grimfacts.、The U.S.uses aboutone-half ofits landfor agriculture.2For example,theU.S.uses over40million acresof goodagricultural(家畜).land toproduce corn,which ismostly fedto livestockWith
2.1billion peopleon earth,the demandfor foodis enormousand constantlyontherise.IVs easyto feelwe cantmakea、difference.3We shouldnot ignorethe powerofthechoices wemake.。