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硕士考研英语阅读理解2021考研英语阅读理解
(一)法律类By almostevery measure,Paul Pfingstis anunsentimental prosecutor.Last weektheSan DiegoCounty districtattorney saidhe fullyintends to try suspectCharlesAndrew Williams,15,as anadult forthe SantanaHigh Schoolshootings.Even beforethe tragedy,Pfingst hadstood behindthe controversialCalifornia lawthat mandatestreatingmurder suspectsas young as14as adults.So nobodywould havewagered thatPfingst wouldalso bethe firstD.A.in theU.S.to launchhis veryown InnocenceProject.Yet last June,Pfingst toldhis attorneysto go backover oldmurder andrape convictionsand seeif anyunravel withnewlydeveloped DNA-testing tools.In otherwords,he wantedto revisitpastvictories--this timeplaying forthe otherteam.I thinkpeople misunderstandbeingconservative forbeing biased,says Pfingst.I considermyself apragmatic guy,andI haveno interestin puttinginnocent peoplein jail.Around theU.S.,flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheeredhismove.Among prosecutors,however,there was an awkwardpause.After all,eachDNA testcosts asmuch as$5,
000.Then theresthe unspokenrisk:if dozensofinnocents turnup,the D.A.will haveindicted hisshop.But ninemonths later,no budgetshave beenbusted orprosecutors ousted.Onlythe rarecase meritsreview.Pfingsts teamconsiders convictionsbefore1993,whenthe citystarted routineDNA testing.They discardcases ifthe defendanthas beenreleased.Of the560remaining files,they havere-examined200,looking forcaseswith biologicalevidence anddefendants whostill claiminnocence.They haveidentified threeso far.The mostcompelling involvesa manserving12years formolesting agirl whowas playingin hisapartment.But otherswere thereat the time.Police founda smalldrop ofsaliva onthe victimsshirt-too smallasample totest in
1991.Today thatspot couldfree aman.Test resultsare dueanyday.Inspired bySan Diego,10other countiesin theU.S.are startingDNA audits.By AmandaRipley ezncisco sijevicrtwell;Lisa McLaughlin;Joseph Pierro;JoshTyrangiel andSora Song本文习题命题模仿对象2018年真题
1.How didPfingst carryout hisown InnocenceProject[A]By gettingrid ofhis biasagainst thesuspects.[B]By revisitingthe pastvictories.[C]By usingthe newlydeveloped DNA-testing tools.[D]By hiscooperation withhis attorneys.
2.Which ofthe followingcan bean advantageof InnocenceProject[A]To helpcorrect thewrong judgments.[B]To oustthe unqualifiedprosecutors.[C]To makethe prosecutorsin anawkward situation.[D]To cheerup thedefenseattorneysand theirjailedclients.
3.The expression“flabbergasted”Line1,Paragraph3most probablymeans.[A]excited[B]competent[C]embarrassed[D]astounded
4.Why wasPfingst anunsentimental prosecutor[A]He intendedto trya fifteen-year oldsuspect.[B]He hadno interestin puttingthe innocentin jail.[C]He supportedthe controversialCalifornia law.[D]He wantedtotrysuspect as youngasfourteen.
5.Which ofthe followingis nottrue accordingto thetext[A]Pfingst smove didn,t havea greatcoverage.[B]Pfingst smove hadboth thepositive andnegative effect.[C]Pfingst smove didnt workwell.[D]Pfingst smove greatlyencouraged thejailed prisoners.篇章剖析本文采用的是记叙文的模式第一段指出芬斯特作为一位铁面无私的检查官的一些做法;第二段指出芬斯特实施“清白计划”的打算及做法;第三段指出实施“清白计划”造成的反应以及可能存在的问题;第四段和第五段是实施“清白计划”的结果和影响词汇注释prosecutor[5prRsIkju:tEr]n.检察官,检察员,起诉人,原告controversial[kRntrE5v\:FE l]adj.争论的,争议的mandate[5mAndeIt]v.批准制订一个训令,如通过法律;发布命令或要求wager[5weIdVEr]v.下赌注,保证conviction[kEn5vIkFE n]n.定罪,宣告有罪unravel[Qn5rAv El]v.阐明,解决flabbergast[5flAbE^B:st;@]Ast]v.口使大吃一惊,哑然失色,使目瞪口呆indict[In5dalt]v.起诉,控告,指控,告发bust[bQst]v.破产或缺钱oust[ajst]v.剥夺,取代,驱逐discard[dI5skB:d]v.抛开;遗弃;废弃molest[mE51est]v..,困扰,调戏saliva[sE51aIvE]n.口水,唾液难句突破
1.Even before the tragedy,Pfingst hadstood behindthe controversialCalifornialaw thatmandates treatingmurder suspectsasyoungas14as adults.主体句式•••Pfingst hadstood behind…结构分析Even beforethetragedy是本句的时间状语;主句是Pfingst hadstoodbehind***;that引导的宾语从句修饰law;在从句中,as…as是一词组,意思是“和…一样”;出现的第三个as是介词,意思是“作为”句子译文甚至在这场悲剧发生之前芬斯特就支持加利福尼亚州的一项颇有争议的法律这项法律规定,以成人身份受审的谋杀嫌疑犯的最低年龄可以降到十四岁题目分析
1.答案为C,属事实细节题文中对应信息“Pfingst toldhis attorneystogoback overoldmurder andrape convictionsand seeif anyunravel withnewly developedDNA-testing tools.n是对第二段第一句的补充说明
2.答案为A,属推理判断题从上下文我们可以得知,实施“清白计划”就是使用先进的DNA技术来重新审理过去的案件当中可能存在的冤案错案
3.答案为D,属猜词题从第二段第一句话我们得知芬斯特可能是美国第一个实施非常独特的“清白计划”的人,因此他的做法很可能是令人感到吃惊的,从而可猜出该词的含义
4.答案为B,属推理判断题从第一段和第二段给出的事例我们可以看出,芬斯特不愿放过任何一个犯罪的人,即便他的年龄还不算大;他也不愿使无辜者蒙冤,即便案件已经审理
5.答案为C,属推理判断题正因为“Pfingst smove workswell”,美国才又有“tenother countiesare startingDNA audits”,而且,no budgetshave beenbusted orprosecutorsousted”.考研英语真题18阅读最难篇Passage3Science haslong hadan uneasyrelationship withother aspectsof culture.Think ofGallileo,sl7th-century trialfor hisrebelling beliefbeforetheCatholicChurch ofpoet WilliamBlake,s harshremarks againstthe mechanisticworldview ofIsaacNewton.The schismbetween scienceandthehumanities has,if anything,deepened inthis century.Until recently,the scientificcommunity wasso powerfulthat itcould affordtoignore itscritics butno longer.As fundingfor sciencehas declined,scientistshave attacked“antiscience”in severalbooks,notably HigherSuperstition,by PaulR.Gross,a biologistattheUniversity ofVirginia,and NormanLevitt,amathematician atRutgers University;and TheDemon-Haunted World,by CarSagan ofCornellUniversity.Defenders ofscience havealso voicedtheir concernsat meetingssuch as“TheFlight fromScience andReason,“held inNew YorkCity inl995,and“Science intheAge ofMisinformation,“which assembledlastJunenear Buffalo.Antiscience clearlymeans differentthings todifferent people.Gross andLevittfind faultprimarily withsociologists,philosophers andother academicswho havequestionedscience,s objectivity.Sagan ismore concernedwith thosewho believeinghosts,creationism andother phenomenathat contradictthe scientificworldview.A surveyof newsstories inl996reveals that the antisciencetag hasbeen attachedtomany othergroups aswell,from authoritieswho advocatedthe eliminationof thelastremaining stocksof smallpoxvirus toRepublicans whoadvocated decreasedfundingfor basicresearch.Few wou1d disputethattheterm appliesto theUnabomber,whose manifesto,published inl995,scorns scienceand longsfor returnto apretechnological utopia.But surelythat doesnot meanenvironmentalists concernedabout uncontrolledindustrialgrowth areantiscience,asanessay inUS NewsWorld Reportlast Mayseemedto suggest.The environmentalists,inevitably,respond tosuch critics.The trueenemies ofscience,argues PaulEhrlich ofStanford University,a pioneerof environmentalstudies,are thosewho questionthe evidencesupporting globalwarming,thedepletion ofthe ozonelayer andother consequencesof industrialgrowth.Indeed,some observersfear thatthe antiscienceepithet isin clangerof becomingmeaningless.The termantiscience canlump togethertoo many,quite differentthings,“notes HarvardUniversity philosopherGerald Holtonin hisl993work ScienceandAnti-Science.They havein commononly onething thatthey tendto annoyorthreaten thosewho regardthemselves asmore enlightened.”
62.The authorsattitude towardthe issueof asciencevs.antisciencevA.impartial B.subjective C.biased D.puzzling这道题涉及作者对“科学pk其它文化”这个矛盾的态度从第一段的开头就能看出,作者只是以局外人的姿态,指出两者之间的矛盾严峻,作者应该是中立态度;再者,根据上面对文章主题两层语义的分析,作者既指出科学家的反击,也指出他们的过火,换言之,作者的讨论是很辨证的,是客观中立的综合起来,答案选A“中立的”能接受吗?同学们要学会正确地分析文章的主旨和作者的倾向,从而把题目作对。