高中英语人教版一轮学案模块三第4讲动词的时态语态和主谓一致

温馨提示此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后关闭Word文档返回原板块模块三千变万化的动词第讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致4I.语法填空L（2020,全国I卷）It means（mean）we havethe chanceto obtain（）information abouthow themoon irconstructed construct.

2.（2020,全国II卷）This iswhy decoratingwith plants,fruits andflowers（）carries carryspecial significance.

3.（2020,全国HI卷）The artistwas surehe wouldbe chosen（choose）＞butwhen hepresented hismasterpiece to the emperor,s chiefminister,the oldmanlaughed.4・（2019,全国卷II）1love cominghere andseeing myfamily and all the（）friends I have mademake overthe years.

5.（2019•江苏高考）The musicianalong withhis bandmembers hasgiven（）give tenperformances in the lastthree months.II.完成句子

1.（2020•全国HI卷）My daddoesn tlike thesoup（不喜欢这个汤）and Idont enjoyapples.

2.（2019,全国卷H）And theother wasthat Iwanted tohelp peoplein迪（我想要帮助需要帮助的人）.

③2020・江苏高考lnstead ofgetting downto anew taskas I hadexpectedexpect heexamined theprevious workagain.

④This isthe first time mycousin hasadapted adaptto hernew job.房脑被动语态被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词〃，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态，除be外被动语态的构成形式还有get/become+过去分词只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态常考的不及物动词或短语last,cost,spread,happento,takeplace,belong to,break out,go out,run out,work out

1.被动语态的构成以do为例时现在过去将来过去将来体is/am was/will/swould/should/are werehall be般be donedonedone doneis/am was/进/are were—行being beingdonedonewill/shave/had hallhas兀been havewould/should have been donebeen成done beendonedone2,使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题⑴主动变为被动时双宾语的变化^The reportersasked the president some questions.玲The presidentwas askedsomequestionsby thereporters.-Some questionswere askedthepresidentby thereporters.⑵主动变为被动时，宾语成主语;（作补语的）不定式前需加to（位置不变）XI heardhim say good-bye tohis friends.-He washeard tosaygood-bye tohis friends.⑶短语动词变被动语态时，勿掉尾巴〃^This dictionarymust be taken goodcare of.⑷情态动词，be going to,be to,be sureto等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词〃^This bookmay notbetakenout of the readingroom.⑸get+过去分词构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lost/hurt等^They getpaid twiceas muchas Ido,but thejob isexactly thesame asmine.X Nomatter howwell youknow Paris,it iseasy toget lost.

3.主动形式表示被动含义⑴表示感受、感官的系动词如feel,sound,taste,look等，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义，借指其本身具有的属性、特征等2当sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语well/easily等修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义^The musicisn tpleasant tolisten to.^This kindof radiodoesn tsell well.小题快练・・©After gettinglost ina storm,a memberof thenavy teamwas rescuedrescuefourdays later.©Entire villageshave beenwashedwashaway.Roads andbridges havebeendestroyed andcrops ruined.@The churchtower which is beingrestoredrestore will be opento touristssoon.The workis almostfinished.©My penwriteswrite smoothly.@ln thenear future,more advancesin therobot technologywill bemademakeby scientists.©This clothfeelnfeelmuch softerthan thatone.唐箭＞主谓一致

1.语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数⑴动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数^Serving the people ismy greathappiness.^Whether weII godepends onthe weather.【点津】what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式X Whatlies at the rootof histroubles is a senseof insecurity.X Whatthe schoolneeds arequalified teachers.2主语后有with,together with,along with,except,besides,as wellas等单词或短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致派2019•天津高考Amy,as wellas herbrothers,was givena warmwelcomewhen returningto thevillage lastweek.3and both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果.由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数形式^Both youand I are students.^The singerand danceris saidto performin our school onMay Day.⑷定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致He isone of the menwho werechosen torepresent thegroup.He isthe onlyone ofthose boyswho iswilling totake onanotherassignment.

2.意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数⑴集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式常见的集体名词有family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等^His audienceconsists mainlyof youngpeople.^The audiencewere clappingfor overten minutes.⑵分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词〃作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all,some,half,most,the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义^Two-thirds of thepeoplepresent areagainst theplan.^The majorityofthedamage iseasy to repair.3the+形容词〃表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式^The oldare morelikely tocatch coldthan theyoung.⑷表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式X Fourthousand dollarsis quitea lotof moneyfor aboy.

3.就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数1由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...butalso...,not...but...等连接的词语作主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致^Either youor Paulis responsiblefor thisthing.X Notonly youbut alsoyour sisteris lovely.⑵由there,here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致XThere aretwenty boy-students andtwenty-three girl-students in the class.^Here isa pen,a fewenvelops andsome paperfor you.小题快练・・©Three fourthsofthesurface ofthe earthis coveredcoverwithwater.

②What theywant toget arebea numberof goodbooks.©Neither myparents normy eldersister likeslikerunning.©My fatheras wellas hisworkmates has beenbe toBeijing.

⑤Ten dollarsis beenoughfor thisbook.I.语法填空China plansto releaseone ortwo giant pandas into the wild.So farthespot

1.select ineast Chinas Jiangxiprovince.It willbe the firsttimetorelease agiant pandaintothewild outsidesouthwest ChinasSichuan Province,

2.13pandas hadbeen releasedby theend oflast year.An expertmeeting washeld inJiangxi,where itwas decidedthat pandaswouldbe transportedfrom Sichuan.Then theywillbereleased intotheJiangxi GuanshanNational NatureReserve.The naturereserve

3.have amild climateandaquite goodecosystem,with abundantbamboo

4.resource andlittle humaninterference,whichisgood forgiant pandas toreproduce.Researchers also

5.brief introducedthe researchmethod toexperts.The methodincludes

6.giantpandareintroduction program.Thereintroduction programrefers to

7.release captive-bred圈养繁殖的pandastotheir pastdistribution areas.They willlive inthese areasafter wildtraining

8.rebuild thewild population.Researchers willobtain

9.value data.And thedata showshow pandasadapt tothe environmentandclimate afterthey stayatthewild habitats.The programhas highresearch valuefor studyingsome problems.Whydid pandasdie outin theirhistorical distributionareas Howdid climatechangesinfluence thecurrent pandapopulation Theprogram willalso helpexpandthe distributionrange

10.giant pandas.Besides,it canreduce theextinction risksof theirwild population.

1.【解析】has beenselected考查时态和语态该句主语thespot是第三人称单数，和谓语动词select是被动关系，再根据时间状语sofar可知，此处用现在完成时的被动语态，故填has beenselected

2.【解析】where考查定语从句先行词为ChinasSichuan Province,在定语从句中作地点状语，故填whereo

3.【解析】has考查主谓一致本句主语reserve〃是第三人称单数，且这里是陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式故填haso

4.【解析】resources考查名词单复数resource是可数名词，此处用复数形式故填resources

5.【解析】briefly考查副词空后为introduced,根据副词修饰动词，应用0副词形式briefly故填briefly

6.【解析】a考查冠词根据句意“这个研究方法包含一个大熊猫再引进计划〃，表示“一个〃用不定冠词，名词giant以辅音音素开头，故填3o

7.【解析】releasing考查非谓语动词根据refer tosth.〃中“to〃为介词，其后用忆-ing形式作宾语故填releasing

8.【解析】to rebuild考查非谓语动词这里是用动词不定式表示目的故填to rebuild

9.【解析】valuable考查形容词此处data是名词，这里应该用形容词修饰它，故填valuable

10.【解析】ofo考查介词range意为〃范围，种类〃,常与〃of〃连用故填ofo语段填空

11.Senior Threestudents willface thequestion afterthey passthe collegeentranceexamination（通过大学入学考试）.“Should Ichoose a good majorora gooduniversitySome studentsprefer toconsider majorsfirst sothatthey canlearn whatthey areinterested in（他们感兴趣的东西）.It willalsomake itpossible forthem totake theirfavorite jobs（去做他们喜欢的工作）inthe future.However,those whothink differentlybelieve thattheenvironment isimportant toone sdevelopment.They alsobelieve thatstudentsgraduating fromleading universities（从一流大学毕业）are oftenmorelikely tofind goodjobs.In myopinion,the bestchoice（最好的选择）isto choosea good major atagooduniversity.But ifthey can t obtainboth,the firstthing toconsider（首先要考虑的是）isagoodmajor.Because nomatterwhere theystudy（无论他们在哪里学习）,they canstill achievea lotina certainfield ifthey trytheir best.写作运用

111.补全下面写作，注意动词的运用Hello,everyone!I wouldlike toshare withyou myfirst travelabroad.

1.Last summervacation/,together withseveral classmates,took partin an（去年暑假,我和几个同学一起exchange programwith anAmerican school.参加了与一所美国学校的交流项目（During ourvisit,we stayedin hostfamilies,which gaveus anopportunity tolearn aboutAmerican society.Themain partof ourprogram wasto experiencethe schoollife.

2.Compared（与中with Chinesestudents,American studentsarc moreopen andactive.国学生相比，美国学生更加开放和活跃）Besides,they haveless homeworkandfewer exams.

3.But wealso havea lotin commonJike beingcrazyabout NBA.（但我们也有很多共同点,比如对NBA的狂热）When thevisitwas over,I madefriends withsome Americanstudents,who becomeveryinterested inChinese culture.（美国

4.The Americanstudents alsobenefited muchfrom theprogram.学生也从中获益匪浅）关闭Word文档返回原板块

3.（2019•全国卷HI）Though itmay appearsimple,it requiresa lotof ideas（需要很多想法和努力）.and efforts

4.（2018•全国卷H）Still Iwas unwillingto（不愿意）play thegames withthemsometimes.

5.（2018•全国卷I）During mylast winterholiday,I wenttothecountrysidewith myfather tovisit mygrandparents.I founda bigchange（发现了很大的变化）there.语法填空四谨记

1.明晰高考考查类型动词的时态和语态题，大致可分为以下3种类型一是题干中提供时间状语，考生可直接根据所给的时间状语作出答案二是提供的时间状语有较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接据此进行答题三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而是给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出最佳答案

2.掌握独特的时间状语标志

（1）看到Ia/ways,often,seldom,sometimes,等要想到用一般现在时；

（2）看至U yesterday,last night,afewdaysago,加e加erday等要想到用一般过去时；⑶看到sMce,sofar,uptonow,//iMe/as/asi/ewyears等要想至［J用现在完成时注意如果题干中没有时间标志词，而是有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，这时我们应该将两个动词动作发生的时间进行比较，依据动词发生的时间先后，确定正确的时态

3.熟记固定句型中的时态lbedoing...when...主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时；z2ltis/hasbeen+^i^^+since...表示“自从以来已经....”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；⑶祈使句+md/o陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时

4.分清主动被动，辨析语态看到动词为及物动词，后面缺少宾语要想到用被动语态I考点1〉一般时态

1.一般现在时do/does;is/am/are⑴表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态常与表示习惯的副词词组always,every time,now andthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用2按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词⑶普遍真理⑷用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来^The earthgoes roundthe Sunonce ayear.^He playsbasketball everyday.X2020,江苏高考lf youlook atall sidesofthe situation,you,II findprobablya solutionthat suitseveryone.^The filmstarts attwo o clock.

2.一般过去时did;was/were⑴表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况⑵表示过去习惯性动作【点津】would/used to do:表示过去常常做^We used to gothere everyyear.^We oftenplayed togetherwhen wewere children.※一Haven tseen youfor ages!Where haveyou been—I wentto Ningxiaand stayedthere forone year,teaching asa volunteer.小题快练・・©Every few years,the coalworkers havehavetheirlungs X-rayed toensuretheir health.

②The realreason whyprices werebe,and stillare,too highis complex,and noshort discussioncan satisfactorilyexplain thisproblem.©Playingfootball notonly makesus growup talland strongbut alsoRives giveus asenseof fairplay andteam spirit.©It has been along timesince wemetmeetin Chinalast time.唐融进行时态

1.现在进行时am/is/are doing⑴表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行⑵表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用的这类动词有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear等⑶表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用XHe islistening toa tape,but hecanthear itclearly.XHe isleaving tomorrowto playhis firstmatch.^We arealways findingnew beautiesin Shakespeares poetry.

2.过去进行时was/were doing⑴表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time,at thatmoment,at this time yesterday,at tenoclockyesterday等连用⑵过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义⑶过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩^We wereplaying footballat this time yesterdayafternoon.X2018・W匕京高考Susan hadquit herwell-paid joband wasworking asavolunteer inthe neighborhoodwhen Ivisited herlast year.^She wasalways arguingwith himand fightingwith him.

3.将来进行时will/shall bedoing表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作常见的标志性的时间状语有thistime tomorrow,from1:30p.m.to4:30p.m.,the dayafter tomorrow等如XI willbe discussingthesituationwith colleaguesthistimetomorrow.小题快练•・@r IIgo tothe libraryas soonas Ifinish whatI amdoingdo.

②The managerwas worriedabout thepress conferencehis assistantwasgivinggivein hisplace but,luckily,everything was going onsmoothly.@What willyoube doinHdothistimetomorrow再露＞将来时态

1.一般将来时will/shall dol“shall/will+动词原形〃表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态will+动词原形〃还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定2be goingto+动词原形”表示

①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情；

②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情⑶be to+动词原形〃表示

①预先安排好的计划或约定；

②表示说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等；

③表示注定要发生的事情4be about to+动词原形〃表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用^We shallbe punishedif webreak therule.^My daughter,sgoingto worknext year.j^They areto attemptto bethe firstto circlethe Earthnon-stop byballoon.X Willyou kindlyobey theinstructions Iam aboutto give

2.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来〃的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中^They saidthey wouldgive thepolice theirfull cooperation.【点津】除should/would+动词原形〃外悌一人称通常用should,其他人称通常用would,过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式was/were goingto do,was/were abouttodo,was/were todo,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时，常用would do/usedtodoXI hada feelingyou weregoingtobe difficultabout this.^He wasabouttooffer anexplanation,but shewas beginningto laugh.小题快练•・

①一What timeis it—Ihaveno idea.But justa minute,I willcheckcheck itfor you.

②If itdoesn train tomorrow,the sportsmeet willbe heldholdintheplayground ofourschool.@You promisedyou wouldkeepkeepus safe.TO4完成时态

1.现在完成时have/has done1表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作，常用的时间状语:already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,inthelastpast fewyears,up tonow,sofar等⑵表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用⑶在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作4This/lt isthe first/second...time+that从句,that从句中谓语要用现在完成时5ltThisis thebestfworst,most interesting等+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用现在完成时派2018・:|匕京高考Chinas high-speed railwayshave grownfrom9,000to25,000kilometers inthe pastfewyears.派2020,天津高考The numberof medicalschools reached18intheearly1990s andhas remainedaround thatlevel since.XI wont payyou untilyou havefinished thisjob.^This isthefirsttime Ihave leftmy countryand setfoot onforeign soil.

2.过去完成时had done⑴表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去⑵表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语:by then,by thattime,by theend of,by thetime+句子等3表示“愿望、打算”的动词如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划⑷在hardlyscarcely...when...no sooner...than...〃句型中,主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为一……就……X Bythattime,Ihadalreadymade thedecision toleave.派2019•天津高考1had hopedto sendPeter agift tocongratulate himonhis marriage,but Icouldn,t manageit.X Wehad nosooner hadsupper thanwe begantorepairthe machine.房融完成进行时现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing⑴表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作^We havebeen waitingfor himfor twohours.⑵表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作派2020•天津高考一You area greatswimmer.—Thanks.It sbecause Ihavebeenpractising alot thesedays.小题快练•・@For manyyears,people havebeen dreamingdreamofelectric cars.However,making themhasbeenmore difficultthan predicted.

②By thetime wearrived,everyone hadreceivedreceive medicalcare.。