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名词重难点分析名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能加S有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，这些含义很可能成为高考考查的内容词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点
一、名词的分类及常见用法可数名词个体名词teacher,student,piano,schoolbag功能集体名词family,mittee,people,class一般词后加s days,boys,Americans,toolss,x,sh,ch结尾加es buses,boxes,dishes,matches（stomachs除外）“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为babies,factories,stories,i,再加es cities以f或fe结尾，变f/fe为v,leaves,wives,knives（roofs,规则变化加esproofs,gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,staffs,safes除外）名词在句中可以o结尾，有生命加es,无heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,作主语、表语、可数名词生命加s pianos,radios（hippos,bamboos除宾语、宾语补的复数外）足语、定语、数字的复数加S或…S”in the1990s/1990,s同位语或状语改变词中元音字母womanwomen,goosegeese,manmen,footfeet,toothteethnews,maths,politics,economics形式复数，意义单数不规则变等化单复数同形means,deer,sheep,fish,species,Chinese等childchildren,其他bacteriumbacteria,crisiscrises,oxoxen,phenomenonphenomena不可数名物质名词wood,water,steel,paper,blood词抽象名词friendship,progress,fun,knowledge专有名词John,Smith,Beijing,Christmas DayWomens Day,an hours一般在名词右上方加表有生命的东西或时walk,studentsS；以S结尾的名词间、空间、距离、价readingroom,today s名词所有只加”格、重量等名词的所paper格有格介词of+名词无生命的东西的必a mapof China,the topof the词所有格mountain
二、名词其他需要注意的几点
1.名词的数1复合名词的复数有主体名词的复数形式lookerson,passersby等和无主体名词的复数形式grownups,gobetweenso2集体名词的数
①有些集体名词只能用作复数，如cattle,police,people等注意people意为“民族、种族”时，有单、复数形式
②有些集体名词只能用作单数，如machinery,furniture,equipment,jewellery,mankind等
③有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数这样的集体名词有class,family,couple,audience,government,public,mittee,crew等The wholefamily arewatching TVnow.现在全家人都在看电视His familyis abig one.他家是一个大家庭3由两部分构成的名词只能用复数形式，如glasses,trousers,shorts,scissors,gloves,scales,passes等4“the+姓氏的复数”表全家人，如the Blacks,the Smith,the Wangs等5具有双重特性的名词
①意义不同的可数和不可数名词a room房间------room空间a chicken鸡------chicken鸡肉an experience经历------experience经验an agreement协议------agreement同意
②单、复数意思不同的名词arm手臂--------arms武器brain脑-------brains智力custom风俗------customs海关force力量------forces军队regard注意；关心-----regards问候time时间------times时代work工作-----works作品；工厂manner态度------manners礼貌spirit精神-------spirits心情；情绪content内容------contents目录loss损失-----losses损失物condition状况------conditions条件expression表达------expressions短语feeling感觉------feelings感情wood木头-----woods树林
2.名词的所有格1表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加S”；表示各自拥有时，每个名词后都要加S如Li and Ma sroom李和马共有的房间Li sandMas rooms李和马各自的房间2表某人的家或店铺、诊所等如Li s李家the doctors诊所the barbers理发店the butchers肉铺the stationers文具店3所有格除了用于有生命的事物外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词如China sprosperity中国的繁荣the countrys plan国家计戈4of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时如a storyof afamous doctor一个名医的故事the sonof theman youjust talkedto刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子5双重所有格“of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格of后名词所有格中的名词必须指人，而且是特指如:an oldfriend of my uncles我叔叔的一位老朋友a playof Shakespeares莎士比亚的一部戏剧some housesofmygrandfathers我爷爷的一些房子
3.名词作定语1一般用单数形式如country music乡村音乐shoe shops鞋店traffic lights交通灯注意sports,customs,arms,clothes,sales,goods作定语时，要用复数形式如sports meeting运动会customs officers海关官员arms production武器生产2man和woman作定语时,变复数时予中心词一起变如men doctor男医生women teachers女老师考点练透
一、单句填空用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空
1.There arefiftysix peoplein China.
2.We needmuch roomfor allthe furniture.
3.This kindof dresswas popularin the
1980.
4.girl studentsandwoman teachersin themajority inour school.
5.There usedto bea lotof miludeer inChina.
6.These areart workof theTang Dynasty.
7.child shoesare onthe secondfloor ofthis storedepartment.
8.We cansee manyeditorinchief presentat theconference.
9.I hadmy haircut shortat thebarber nearbyyesterday.
10.On thewhole,he was a failin hislife.
11.Health problemsare closelyconnected withbad eatinghabits anda ofexercise.
12.Now moreand morepeople preferto havea athome—a littledog,a cator someother animals.
13.My parentsalways letme havemy ownof living.
14.We volunteeredto collectmoney tohelp thevictim of the earthquake.
15.We allknow thatspeak louderthan words.
16.My teacherpointed outthe wrongchoice ofexpress inmy position.
17.The realhero arethose whoare makingthe mostcontributions toour society
18.The manwhom youmet yesterdayis afriend ofme.
19.Without apass,it iseasy tolose ones wayin thewood.
20.He beggedfor helpfrom passerby,but theyall pretendednot tohave heardwhat he was sayingandwent byquickly.
二、语篇填空用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空Charles Pink wasayoung]Canada whohad a good houseand heknew howto enjoyhimself.EverySaturday,he wentto thetheater and2party.His carwas oneof thebest inhis city.He hadlotsof3and oneday boughta plane.He learnedto flyand flyingbecame oneof hismain4enjoy.One dayabout thirty5year ago,he setoff inhis smallplane ona tripacross6Mexican.At firsteverything wentwell,but whenhewasover thepart ofthe country7engine ofthe littlemachinefailed.Fortunately,Pinkwasflying atagood8high whenthe badthing happened,and hehad timetofind aplace toland.Below himhe couldsee anumber of9field whichlooked niceenough tolandon,and hemanaged tobring hismachine downon oneof
10.
三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Probably noother musical instrument isas populararound theworld asthe guitar.Almost everykindof musicneeds a guitar.Country andwestern music would not be the same]a guitar.The Spanishmusic called flamenco弗拉门科民歌could not exist without aguitar.The soundof Americanblues musicwould notbe thesamewithout thesad cryofthe guitar.And rock and roll musicwouldalmost be2possible without this instrument.People dont agreeabout3the guitar was firstplayed,but mostagree4is old.Some sayaninstrument muchlike aguitarwasplayed inEgypt over1000years ago.Some othersay that5old formofthe modernguitar6bring toSpain fromPersian波斯人sometime in the12th century.The guitarcontinuedto develop in Spain.In the1700s itbecame similar7the instrumentwe knowtoday.Many famous8music playedthe instrument.The famousmusician NiccoloPaganini playedand wrotemusicfor theguitar inthe early1800s.Franz Schubertused theguitar towrite someof hisfamousworks.In moderntimes AndresSegovia helpedmake theinstrument extremelypopular.One kindof musicfor theguitar9developinthe southernarea ofSpain calledAndalusia.It willalways be10strong connectedwith theSpanish guitar.助读词汇exist vi.存在musician n.音乐家musicalinstrument乐器blues music布鲁斯音乐rockandrollmusic摇滚乐be connectedwith与有联系参考答案考点练透
一、单句填空
1.peoples
2.room
3.1980s/1980,s
4.Girl;women
5.deer
6.works
7.Children s
8.editorsinchief
9.barbers
10.failure
11.lack
12.pet
13.way
14.victims
15.actions
16.expressions
17.heroes
18.mine
19.woods
20.passersby
二、语篇填空
2.Canadian
2.parties
3.money
4.enjoyments
5.years
6.Mexico
7.the
8.height
9.fields
10.them
三、语法填空本文主要介绍吉他的发展史
3.without根据空前的Country andwestern musicwouldnotbethesame可知填without或者根据下——句The Spanishmusiccalledflamenco couldnotexistwithoutaguitar.也可知
4.impossible作表语用形容词根据空后的withoutthisinstrument可知理应是填possible的反义词impossible
5.where下文主要讲吉他源于哪里，故此处理应填where引导宾语从句
6.it缺主语填代词it在此指代前面的theguitar
7.an不定冠词的基本用法，空后Id以元音因素开头，填an,在此意为“一种”
8.was brought分析句子成分可知，动词bring在此作谓语，故只考虑时态和语态根据后面的时间状语inthe12th century可知用一般过去式bring与主语是被动关系故填一般过去式被动语态
9.to习惯搭配be/bee similarto意为“与/变得……相似”
10.musicians作主语要用名词；此外根据前面的Many可知要用复数
11.developed分析句子成分可知，括号中的动词develop在此是非谓语动词，真正的谓语是后面的called,且develop与主语•music存在被动关系，故填过去分词形式（分词短语作后置定语）
12.strongly修饰形容词要用副词形式。
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