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第讲名词性从句8I.语法填空
1.(2020•浙江高考)Over thousandsof years,they began to dependless onwhat couldbehunted orgathered from the wild,and moreon animalsthey hadraised andcrops theyhadsown.
2.(2019•全国卷I)While theyare rarenorth of88°,there isevidence thattheyrangeall the way acrossthe Arctic,and asfar southas JamesBay inCanada.I.语法填空谨记第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,用连接代词;若缺少状语就用连接副词;如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整,是否需要用whether/if;如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that.II.短文改错
1.(2018•全国卷111)1was afraidthat tospeak infront ofa largegroup ofpeople.(去掉that)
2.(2017•全国卷III)When Ilook atthis pictureof myself,I realizeof howfast timeflies.(去掉第二个of)II.短文改错五定法
1.检查连接词是否误用尤其注意容易混淆的that与what、that与which、which与what、if与whether;
2.检查连接词是否漏掉;
3.检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确;
4.检查主语与谓语动词的数是否一致;5检查主语从句后置时形式主语〃是否出现名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句西点T>引导词名词性从句由不同的引导词引导,从句一般保持陈述语序引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类
1.that引导的名词性从句that只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义该从句作主语通常用it作形式主语,而将从句置于句末X(2019•江苏高考)Scientists haveobtained moreevidence thatplastic isfinding itswayinto thehuman body.(同位语从句)※屋is suggestedthat weshould limitthe amountof cars and bicycles to improveourenvironment.主语从句
2.wh引导的名词性从句wh包括who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,why等连接副词wh词既起连接作用,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等从句作主语也常用it作形式主语,而将wh从句置于句末X2020•天津高考The studentpleted thisexperiment tomake etrue whatProfessorJoseph hadsaid.^It remainsto beseen howthese obstacleswill helpor hurtits economy.【点津】lwhat引导的名词性从句what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么……?”的问题,也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思,意思是“所……的事/物”,相当于thethings that/which...如:^This iswhat二the thingthatwe havebeen lookingforward tofor years.2whever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matterwh只能引导让步状语从句2018•天津高考The goldmedal willbe awardedto whoever anyone whowinsthe firstplacein thebicycle race.^No oneis allowedto breakthe regulations,whoeveranyonewhohe is.
3.if,whether引导的名词性从句⑴引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether,不用if^The questionis whethertechnology is going tobe ourservant orour master.2whether与if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换,但下列情况下只能用whether:
①后面直接跟or not时用whether^They nowhave twoweeks todecide whetheror notto buy.
②用于介词后引导宾语从句时用whether2019•浙江高考But if he sout thereevery dayand playinghard,you shouldpraisehis effortregardless ofwhether histeam winsor loses.【小题快练】•单句语法填空©What struckme was that theyhave allsuffered alot.
②Thatyou areing toLondon is the bestnews Ihave heardthis longtime.
③People beganlooking acrossto seewherethe noisewas ingfrom.41can tsay whetherheis ingor not.©Whoeverdid thiswill sooneror laterbe caughtand willbe punished.61didn trealize howheavy thatshopping wasgoing tobe.©Whetherthey wouldsupport uswas aproblem.
⑧It isimportant tocheck whenthelaboratory can do thetests.M2主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾【点津】it作形式主语的句型有
②It is+形容词+从句It isnecessary that...有必要......;It isclear that...很清楚......;It islikely that...很可能.......;It isimportant that...重要的是类似的形容词还有strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quiet;unusual;certain;evident;worthwhile;surprising;interesting;astonishingo^It islikely that the goodshave metwith someaccident on the way.※卜is strangethat heshould havegone awaywithout tellingus.
③It is+过去分词+从句It issaid that...据说.......;It isreported that...据报道;It has been proved that...已证明......;It must be provedthat...必须指出类似的过去分词还有known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;made clear;found out等^It isreported that the affectedarea isunder furtherdetailed investigation.※11hasbeenprovedthat every substance,no matterwhat itis,is madeup ofatoms.【小题快练】•单句语法填空©Whoever winsthe electionisgoing to havea toughjob gettingthe economyback onitsfeet.
②IL was a pitythat youdidn tgo to the talk.
③Whatshocked me was thatall of these childrenhad noparents.©It isreportedreportthat thetemperature willdecline sharplyin oneor twodays.M3宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语作介词的宾语时必须由wh疑问词引导
1.that的省略与否that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省略如※制said thatyou weretoo youngto understand the matterand that he wasasked nottotell you.
2.句子的语序由who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whichever等弓|导的宾语从句,应注意句子的语序要用陈述语序例如XCan youexplain why he didnteto theparty lastSunday【点津】
①think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中XI don t thinkthe foodhere agreeswith me.※丫e dont believehe stolemoney fromthe stop.
②动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中时,其后宾语从句常用that作连接词;用在肯定句中时,连接词用whether或if皆可,而不用that※0you doubtthat he will winthe matchdont doubtthat he candoa goodjob ofit.※制often doubtswhether/ifheis adequateasafather.【小题快练】•I.单句语法填空©He isquite strange,for everythinghe doesis oppositeto whatisconsidered normalbehavior.
②Before carryingout theplan,we mustconsider whetherthenew useof thedrug needsfurthertests.31never doubtthatyou canremember tenor moresentences aday,but withoutusing them,they renot yours.II.单句翻译We dont thinkhecanoperate thismachine.译我们认为他不能操作这台机器唐函表语从句表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as ifthough等引导that引导表语从句,无词义,只起连接作用,不可省略2018•W匕京高考Without hissupport,we wouldntbewhere weare now.X2018•江苏高考By boatistheonly wayto gethere,which ishow wearrived.※丘looks asif asandstorm ising up.^The factofthematter isthat mostpeople consumefar moreprotein thanthey actuallyneed.【点津】
①whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if不用于引导表语从句
②That isbecause...指原因或理由That iswhy...指由于各种原因所造成的后果^The questionis whetherhe willjoin usnext time.※制did notsee thefilm last night.That isbecause hehad tohelp hislittle sisterwithher homework.^He hadseen thefilm before.That iswhyhedid notsee itlastnight.
③当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because^The reasonwhy Iwas latewasthat my carbroke downon theway.【小题快练】•单句语法填空
①One ofthe gloriousmoments inmy schoollife waswhenI wasawarded theMayor,s Award.
②What wecan learnfromthestory isthatyou mustnt blamechildren forthe mistakesoftheir parents.
③That iswhereour problemslie.
④My cargoes fasterthan yours,which iswhyI wantto keepit.唐羔)同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导由于名词的意义不同也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导常见的名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision,word等例如^We came tothedecision that we mustact atonce.have noidea whenhe will e back.※“加dontunderstandthe problem whythis isthe bestchoice.【点津】that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句的that不充当句子成分,且不可省略;that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的,that代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语成分,充当宾语时可省略※[怕are gladatthe newsthathewille.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴(news的内容就是thathewille,故that引导的是同位语从句)※%are gladatthenewsthathe toldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴(that从句是限制thenews的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句【小题快练】•单句语法填空
①The questionwhetherit isright orwrong dependsontheresult.
②The managerput forwarda suggestionthatwe shouldhave anassistant.There istoo muchworkto do.
③He hasan ideathathe canfinish hisproject better.41have nodoubt thathewill overeall thesedifficulties.I.语法填空Nowadays,before weupload aphoto ofourselves tosocial media,chances arethatwe11use
1.app tosmooth ourskin,make oureyes bigger,eyelashes longerand lipsfuller.With acouple oftaps onour mobilephones,we reable toget aquick fixand presentourown bestversion tothe world.
2.,theproblemis,when we
3.simple editourimperfections away,we realso changingthewaywe lookat
4.we.Last month,
5.research fromthe Boston University
6.publish anarticle whichanalyzed photo
7.edit appsbad impactson peoplesselfesteem andtheir potentialto causeappearance anxieties.They warnedthat suchappsare blurring难区分the linesbetween realityand fantasy.These appsallow one
8.changehis orher appearancein minutesand followan
9.realistic standardof beauty.Now weve gotthis dailyparison ofthe realself withthis intentionalorunintentional selfthatwepresent onsocial media.This is
10.many youngpeople sufferanidentity crisiswhen itestohow theylook.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文文章介绍目前人们将自己的照片上传到社交媒体之前,我们很有可能会使用一款应用程序来美化我们的皮肤,让我们的眼睛更大,睫毛更长,嘴唇更丰满,波士顿大学BostonUniversity的研究人员发表了一篇文章,分析了照片编辑应用程序对人们自尊的负面影响,以及它们可能导致的外表焦虑这就是许多年轻人在外貌问题上遭遇身份危机的原因
1.【解析】ano考查不定冠词此处表示“一款”应用程序,app为可数名词表泛指,故用不定冠词,且app是以元音音素开头的单词故填an
2.Howevero考查副词设空处前一句句意在我们的上轻敲几下,我们就能快速解决问题,向世界展示我们最好的版本设空处后的句意问题是,当我们简单地编辑我们的缺点时,我们也改变了我们看待自己的方式可知前后句意为转折关系故填However
3.【解析】simply考查副词此处edit是动词,由副词修饰,所给词simple是形容词,其副词形式是simplyo故填simplyo
4.【解析】ourselves考查反身代词根据句意应用反身代词主语为we,故填ourselves
5.【解析】researcherso考查名词复数该空格处作句子主语,指波士顿大学的“研究人员们”,所以这里用名词复数,故填researchers
6.【解析】published考查时态根据Last month可知句子用一般过去时,故填published
7.【解析】editingo考查形容词photo editingapps照片编辑应用程序”,editing意为“用于编辑的故填editing
8.【解析】to change考查非谓语动词根据句子结构可知句子的谓语是allow,change为非谓语;allow sb.to dosth,是固定短语”允许某人做某事故填to changeo
9.【解析】unrealistic考查形容词此处standard是名词,由形容词修饰,结合句意,该空填unrealistico
10.【解析】why考查表语从句此处表示结果,是why引导的表语从句故填why
11.短文改错Hello,boys andgirls!Today,I amgoingtotalk withwhat youshould dowhen a firealarm gooff.If youhear thealarm,stand inline atthe doorand waityour teachertolead yououtside.Stay closeto your teacher andclassmate.Don tpanic orget outofline,and tryingto remainquiet andcalmly.Soon thefirefighters wille andput outafire.If itsafalse alarmand there is nofire,yourteacherwill leadus backto theclassroom.If younotice thatwhen someone is missing and hurt,tell yourteacherimmediately.
1.【解析】第二句withf about考查固定结构”和某人谈论某事talk to/with sb.about sb./sth.o故将with改为about
2.【解析】第二句gof goes考查主谓一致该句主语为afirealarm,时态为一般现在时,所以go改为goes
3.【解析】第三句wait后加for考查动词的用法wait为不及物动词,后接宾语时要加for0故在wait后加for
4.【解析】第四句classmate-classmateso考查名词的数classmate为可数名词,此处又为复数意义,所以改为classmateso
5.【解析】第五句trying-try考查时态此处为and连接的并列谓语,且前面为祈使句故将trying改为try
6.【解析】第五句calmly-calm考查形容词因为remain作“仍然是,保持不变”时为系动词,所以其后接形容词calmly改为calm
7.【解析】第六句a-the考查冠词本句的火灾,已在上文中被提到了,故此处为特指,所以用定冠词the
8.【解析】第七句us-you考查代词根据上下文的逻辑关系,整篇文章都是以“我”的口吻,告诉“你”该怎么做故将us改为you
9.【解析】第八句去掉when考查名词性从句文中if引导的状语从句中,谓语notice后的宾语从句someoneismissingandhurt句意完整、结构完整,所以只需要连接词that故去掉when
10.【解析】第八句and—or考查连词此处missing和hurt为选择关系,翻译成“或是”故将and改为orIII.写作运用补全下面写作,注意名词性从句的运用The MomentI TakePride inWherethere isa will,thereisa way.When Ibegantolearn tocook threeyearsago,I failedmany times.But inthe end,
1.(我所做的饭菜很可口),because Icarriedon withit.The firstdish wasfried eggs.At first,
2.(我不好控制油的温度).In ordertolearn itwell,I wasteda greatnumber ofeggs.I nevergave upuntil Ifried eggsbetter.
3.(我学做饭的原因是让我妈妈做完工作后可以休息).I willkeep themoment inmy heart.答案
1.what wascooked bymewasvery delicious
2.it wasdifficult formetocontrol thetemperature ofoil
3.The reasonwhy Ilearned tocook wasthatmymother couldrest aftershe finishedherwork.。