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高考英语语法专项学习之句子省略用法归纳省略虚拟条件.省略连词1if有时可将条件从句的连词省略,但此时应用倒装句型,即把从句中的if等提到句首were,should,had如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝Were ITom,l wouldrefuse.假若有必要,我会去的Should itbe necessary/would go.若彳是天气Had itnot been for thebad weatherwe would have arrivedon time.坏,我们就准时到达了【注】
①若条件从句为否定句,否定词应置于主语之后,而不能与not were,should,had等缩略成Weren t,Shouldn t,Hadn,t而置于句首
②有时省略后提前的不是助动词if had」.假若我有时间,我会来的Had Itime wouldcome=lf I had time---.省略主语和动词2be若主从句主语一致,且谓语部分包含有动词通常可将主语和动词省略be,beIf repaired earlier,the tractorwould not have brokendown.要是早点儿修一下,拖拉机就不会抛锚了=lf ithad beenrepairedearlier---.省略3“it+be”If necessary,!would sendmore farmhandsto help you.如果需要的话,我会派更多的人去帮你=lf itwas necessary/--.省略条件从句4这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略条件从句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的I mightsee herpersonally.It would be better.我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些=lf Isaw herpersonallyjt would be better.含蓄条件句中()条件暗含在短语中如1We didnt know his telephone number;otherwise we would havetelephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话(暗含条件是)otherwiseWithout yourhelp,we wouldnthaveachieved somuch.没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得这么大的成绩(暗含条件是介词短语)without yourhelpBut foryour helpjwould not have succeededin theexperiment.如果没有你的帮助,我的实验就不会成功(暗含条件是)butforyour helpItwould causegreat troublenot tolubricate thebearing immediately.不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障(暗含条件是)not tolubricate thebearing immediately()条件暗含在上下文中如2I wouldnot have done itthat way.我是不会那么做的(可能暗含)if Iwere youIwas busythat day.Otherwise Iwould havecome tohelp you.我那天很忙否则我会来帮你的(可能暗含)if I hadn tbeen sobusy.You mightcome tojoin usin thediscussion.你可以参加我们的讨论(可能暗含)if youwanted toIwould havebought theDVD player.我是会买下那台影碟机的(可能暗含)if Ihad the moneyBut forthe storm,we shouldhave arrivedearlier.要不是碰到暴雨,我们还会早些到(可能暗含)if ithad notbeenforthe stormo条件状语从句用法及动词形式、表示与现在事实相反的情况1从句主语+过去时(动词用)If Bewere主句主语+should/would/could/might+do eg
1.If Iwere youjwould takean umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞(事实我不可能是你)
2.If Iknew histelephone number,!would tellyou.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你(事实不知道)
3.If therewere noair orwater therewouldbeno livingthings onthe earth.z如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物(事实地球上既有空气也有水)
4.If Ihad anymoney withme,I couldlend yousome.如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些(事实没有带钱)
5.If hestudied harder,he mightpass theexam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了(事实没有努力)
6.she lookedat meas if Ihad been astranger.她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人(事实我并非陌生人)、表示与过去事实相反的情况2从句主语If+had+done主句主语+should/would/could/might+havedoneeg如果我早到那儿,我就
1.If Ihad gotthere earlier,!should/could havemet her,会见到她(事实去晚了)如果他听
2.If he had takenmy advice,he wouldnot havemade sucha mistake.我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了(事实没有听我的话)、表示对将来情况的主观推测3主句主语+should+do从句主语
①if++were todo主语
②if++should/would/could/might+do主语(动词过去式)
③if++did/were eg
1.If heshould comehere tomorrow,!would talkto him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈(事实来的可能性很小)
2.If therewere aheavy snownext Sundaywe wouldnot goskating.如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了(事实下雪可能性很小)
3.If shewere tobe herenext Monday,!would tellher aboutthe matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末(事实来的可能性很小)、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,4虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整这种条件句叫错综条件句
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符egIf Ihad workedhard atschool,!wouldbean engineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了If theyhad informedus,we wouldnot comehere now.如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符如If hewere freetoday,we wouldhave senthim toBeijing.如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了If heknew her,he wouldhave greetedher.要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有时,可以省略,这时条件5were,should,had if从句要用倒装语序,即把等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语were,should,had egShouldhe agreeto gothere,we wouldsend himthere.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去Were shehere,she wouldagree withus.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的Had helearnt aboutcomputers,we wouldhave hiredhim towork here.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上6下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如,…等without…but foregBut forhis help,wewouldbe workingnow.要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢Without yourinstructionj wouldnothavemade suchgreat progress.要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步We didnt knowhistelephonenumber,otherwise wewouldhavetelephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话、有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一7种强烈的感情
①省略从句他本该完成了He wouldhave finishedit.你本能通过这次考试的You couldhave passedthis exam.
②省略主句要是我现在在家里该多好啊If Iwere athome now.要是只有我得到它了该多好啊If onlyIhadgot it..注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词的过去时态一律用不用8be were,was egIf Iwere youjwould goto lookfor him.如果我是你,就会去找他省略现象
一、单词省略、省略介词1他花了四个小时复习功课He spentfour hoursin goingover hislessons,11ve studiedEnglish forfive years.我已学五年英语了、省略连词2that我相信你们会成功的I believethat youwill succeed.It1s apity thathes leaving.他要走,真遗憾11m surethat shewill helpyou.我肯定她会帮你的、省略关系代词3()我要把我所有的一切都给你I IIgive youall thatI have.()他看过我昨天买的书了He readthe bookwhich Igot yesterday.
二、句子成分的省略、省略主语1Beg yourpardon.(我)请你原谅(前省略了主语)Beg ITakecare!当心!(前省略了主语)Take youLooksas ifit willrain.看起来象要下雨(前省略了主语)Looks it、省略谓语2Who next该谁了?(后面省略了谓语)Who comesTheriver wasdeep and the icethin.(后面省略了)ice wasWeII do the bestwe can.我们将尽力而为(后面省略了动词)can do、省略表语3Are youready Yes,I am.你准备好了吗?我准备好了(后面省略了)am readyHe was a lover ofsports as hehadbeen inhis youth.他还是象年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者(后面省略了hadbeenaloverof)sports、省略宾语4Let sdothedishes.11II washand you1II dry.让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干(和后面省略了宾语)wash drydishes、省略定语5He spentpart ofthemoney,andthe rest hesaved.那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来(后面省略了定语therestof themoney、省略状语6Hewasnot hurt.Strange!他没有受伤,真奇怪!前面省略了状语Strange how
三、不同句式中的省略简单句中的省略
1.在对话中,交谈双方都知道谈论的对象,则可以省略句子的主语,省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多1Looks likerain.2Hope tohear fromyou soon.3Sounds likea goodidea.并列句中的省略
2.在并列句中,相同的成分如主语,谓语,宾语等都可以省略1They learnFrench andwe English.2My fatherplanned andbuilt allthese houses.3John wonthe firstrace andJimmy thesecond.复合句中的省略
3.定语从句That sthe reasonhe islate forthe conference.状语从句川1If heated,water wboil.2Tom wasattacked bycramp whileswimming across the river.宾语从句如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同,可将从句部分的谓语省略We willdo whatwe cando tohelpyou.一Is Mr.King inhis office——Sorry,I dontknowwhether heis inhis officeor not.动词不定式的省略在动词不定式结构中,为了避免重复,常常省略不
4.定式结构中的动词原形,只保留to一Would youlike togo withus——r mglad to,but Ihave tofinish myhomework.在等结构中,used to,ought to,have to,would like/love to,wish to,be goingto常常省略后面的动词原形to1They donot visittheir parentsas muchas theyought to.2He doesn,t getup earlyasheused to.3II handit inifIhave to.一Would youlike tocome tonight一I dlove to.等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时,Tell,warn,order,advise,ask可以省略后面的动词原形to1He wanted to swimacrosstheriver butI warnedhim notto.2The boywantedtoplay footballin thestreet,but hismother toldhim notto.。