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高考英语系动词知识讲解
一、概念系动词(Linking verb),是用来辅助主语的动词
①本身有词义,不能单独做谓语,后面必须跟表语一起构成复合谓语
②其后跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的性质、特征、品性或状态
③系动词的功能主要是把表语和它的主语联系在一起
二、分类1)表示状态即状态系动词,用来表示主语状态,只有be一词be的变化形式
①在现在时中,有am,is,are三种形式,
②在过去时中,am和is变成was,are变成were
③be的现在分词形式为being;
④过去分词形式为beenHe wasbusy.他当时很忙The roadis beingunder repair.路正在修I havebeen verybusy theseday.这些天我一直很忙2)感官动词即感官系动词,表示感觉主要有look,feel,smell,sound,taste,This kindof clothfeels verysoft.这种布摸起来很软This flowersmells verysweet.这朵花闻起来很香3)表持续即持续系动词,表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,He alwayskeeps silentat meeting.他开会时总保持沉默This matterremains amystery.此事仍是一个谜The sunshinestays warm.The peaceremains stable.和平仍然稳定4)表变化即变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.【一般情况下,系动词没有进行时态,但是这些表示变化类的系动词,是可以用进行时态的,例如It wasbecoming cold,so welit thefire.天气变冷了,所以我们点起了火.另外,某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get,become,grow,turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越”】Our lifeis becomingbetter andbetter.The skyis becomingdark.天越来越黑了The fruitis gettingripe.水果快熟了She grewrich withina shorttime.她没多长时间就富了5)表看起来即表像系动词,表示看起来像〃这一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,He lookstired.他看起来很累He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很伤心6)表终止即终止系动词,表示主语己终止动作,主要有prove(证实),turn out,(变成)The rumorproved false.这谣言证实有假The searchproved difficult.搜查证实很难His planturned outa success.他的计划终于成功了(turn out表终止性结果)
三、用法
1.Be,表示主语的特征、状态和身份等,—He is a famousscientist.注意主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化
2.Seem(似乎,看起来,看上去),这个词是英语学习的重点,因为seem后面跟的花样比较多—Damin seemedannoyed大明似乎生气了(后跟形容词)Damin seemedto beannoyed大明似乎生气了(后跟不定式)—It seemedthat Damin wasannoyed.大明似乎生气了(It seemsthat句型)—It seemslike agood idea.这看起来是个好主意
3.Become(变成),表示“开始变得”,往往强调一个新状态的开始He becamea teacherafter college.(他大学毕业后成为了一名教师)The caterpillarwill becomea butterfly.(毛毛虫会变成蝴蝶)
4.Look(看起来)You looktired today.(你今天看起来很累)The cakelooks delicious.(这个蛋糕看起来很好吃)
5.Smell(闻起来)The flowerssmell wonderful.(这些花闻起来很香)The garbagesmells terrible.(垃圾闻起来很臭)
6.Taste(尝起来)This souptastes salty.(这个汤尝起来有点咸)The caketastes sweetand delicious.(这个蛋糕尝起来又甜又好吃)
7.Feel(感觉)The waterfeels cold.(这水感觉很冷)She feelshappy abouther newjob.(她对新工作感到很高兴)
8.Sound(听起来)The musicsounds beautiful.(这音乐听起来很美)His voicesounds familiar.(他的声音听起来很熟悉)
9.Remain(保持)The situationremains unchanged.(情况保持不变)She remainedsilent duringthe meeting.(她在会议期间保持沉默)
10.Grow(变得)The flowersgrew tallerin thesunlight.(这些花在阳光下长得更高了)He grewmore confidentafter practicinghis speech.(他练习演讲后变得更自信了)IL Get(变得),形成某种状态,达到一个指明的状态;It sgetting dark.天色越来越暗
12.Go(变成)往往表示变成不好的状态She wentmad.她疯了The foodis goingbad.食物变质了
13.fall(变成,成为),进入另一种状态;He fellasleep.他睡着了
四、系动词后接从句
①系动词+as if/as though+表语从句这些系动词有look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(觉得);appear(看起来,同look、seem),seem(似乎)It looksas ifwe aregoing tohave rain.看样子天要下雨了He lookedas ifhe hadjust steppedout ofmy bookof fairytales.他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的She seemedas if(though)she couldnt understandwhy LiLei wasthere.看来她好像不能理解为什么李磊呆在那儿It soundsto meas thoughthere*satap runningsomewhere.我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音She feltas ifher headwere splitting.她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了The vailleyappeared as if envelopedin heavyfog.山谷好像笼罩在烟雾之中It seemsasifit weresummer already.好像已是夏天了
②It+seem\appear+that从句”It seemedthat hehad madesome seriousmistakes inhis work.好像他在工作中犯了严重错误Tt appearedthat hewas talkingto himself.好像他在自言自语
③be\seem\get\look\appear\prove\grow+不定式to do做表语Her jobis tolookafter theDisabled Person.她的工作是照料残疾人He seems not tolook afterthe children.他似乎没有照顾孩子She looksto bea younggirl oftwenty year-old.她看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘He dicint appearto dislikeit.看不出他憎恨此事His behaviorproved to be wrong.他的行为证明是错误的She willgrow tolike thiswork gradually.她会逐渐喜欢这个工作的
④there be+系动词,有三种句型第一种〃There+系动词be+主语”,第二种Thcrc+系动词sccm/rcmain+主语,第三种〃There+vi.live,stand,lie,exist,happen,appear,etc.+主语There remainsa lotof doubtabout it.仍然有很多疑问There appearedto beonly oneroom.那儿好像只有一个房间There seemsto besomething wrongaboutit.好像有点不大对头.There appearsto beno alternative.似乎没有别的选择了能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个seem,appear.【例】©It doesn,t seemthat wecan get our money back.=It seemsthat wecan tgetourmoneyback.
②I Ieseemsnotto beher father.二He doesn,t seemto beher father.
③The babydoesn,t appearto beawake.=The babyappears nottobeawake.。