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高考英语语法复习名词性从句知识讲解
一、与定语从句区别它们的性质不同,一个是名词,而另一个是形容词性名词性从句是独立的,而定语从句必须要依附先行词(相当于寄身虫)有时名词性从句可以转换成定语从句(必须加先行词)比如Whathe said=The thingsthat hesaid
二、构成构成一个名词性从句就像是对一个陈述句进行特殊疑问句的提问,只不过不颠倒语序,如He saidsomething.What hesaid(名词性从句)What didhe say(特殊疑问句)
三、分类(-)根据从句在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种
(二)根据引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类
1.连接词that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)
2.连接代词who,what,which,whose,whoever,whichever,whomever,whatever
3.连接副词where,when,why,how(how much,how long***),wherever,whenever,however
1.主语从句【例句】
1.That prices will go up iscertain.=It iscertain thatpriceswillgoup.
2.How youtravel meansthe differencebetween successand failure.
3.Whether wego bytrain orby boatmakes nodifference.
4.Who willwrite thepoem hasnot beendecided yet.
5.What surprisedus is that helost inthe game.
6.What heleft uswas alarge sumof money.
7.When he will beback depends on theweather.
8.Where welive doesnt matter.
9.How thepyramids werebuilt wasstill a mystery.
10.Wat everhe didis right.
11.Whoever comeswill bewelcome.
12.Whichever youwant isyours.【注意点】That引导的主语从句中,that不能省略主语从句可以用it来做形式主语,然后把从句放在主句之后,使句子更平衡如例句第1,3,4,8,
9.【主谓一致】
1.只有一套主谓结构的主语从句,谓语用单数How andwhen languagebegan isamystery.
2.含有两套主谓结构并列出现于主语从句时,用复数How hes gotthe carand whetherit isneware not known yet.what引导的主语从句,谓语随表语变What youneed ismore practice.What youneed arethe bookson thedesk.
2.宾语从句★动词+宾语从句We hopethat youwill enjoyyour stayhere.Tell mewhy youdon tlike school.★介词+宾语从句Don,t askabout whatthe meetingis for.Our successdependson/upon howwell we can cooperatewith oneanother.注意介词后不用跟that引导的宾语从句,如要跟,必须加形式宾语itPlease seeto it that youfinish thework intime.I msure ofit that they wonthe game.★形容词+宾语从句We arecertain thatthis istrue.I mafraid thatI can,t helpyou.He wasnt surewhether heought tolaugh orcry.★动词+it+从句it没有任何意义I hearditthat he hadgone abroad.I hateit whenpeople speakwith theirmouth full.I appreciatedit verymuch that he haddone mea favor.★主语+谓语+形式宾语it+宾补+宾语从句,常见动词有think,feel,find,make,consider,supposeT feelit aterrible thingthat Thave toget upso early.I tookit forgranted that you wouldstay withus.They keptit quietthat hewas dead.注意点1that引导的宾语从句中,that可被省略2demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest在主句中,宾语从句要用虚拟语气I suggestthat allthe studentsshouldbe present.3think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,要将否定词移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定形式1don tthink hecan dobetter thanme.
3.表语从句可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等另外,常用的还有the reasonis that…和It isbecause等结构
1.The reasonwas that he dicint workhard.
2.New Yorkis nolonger whatit wasten yearsago.
3.That,s whatmakes himan excellentconductor.
4.That iswhy heturned medown.
5.The bookis where you leftit.
6.This iswhereyouare wrong.
7.The questionremains whether wecanwin themajority of the people.注意点1that引导表语从句时that不能省略2若主句中有诸如demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest的词或其名词形式,表语从句要使用虚拟语气His suggestionis thatwe shouldarrive hereten minutesearlier.3表原因可说That swhy…That sbecause…The reasonisthat…
4.同位语从句1与先行词同位或同等的从句称为同位语从句,具体说明先行词的内容同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句同位语从句usage andexample同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导
1.He acceptedthe factthat shewould nevercome back,conclusion thatshe mustact atonce,that youwere tellingthe truth.
2.She cameto theideaswhere wecan getcheaper secondhandcar
3.I haveno doubt
5.Nobody canexplain themystery whyhe suddenlydisappeared.
4.Do youhave any2注意点☆同位语前的先行词通常为news,fact,doubt,conclusion,hope,decision,belief,promise,truth,report,idea,possibi1ity,opinion,proof,message,impression,evidence,feeling,thought,story,order等等☆用正常的陈述语气☆有时与前面的先行词分开Word camethattheenemies hadgot tohe footofthemountain.His dreamcame truethat hewould becomea worldfamous footballer.★同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句中that只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,定语从句中that是关系代词,除了连接主句与从句外,还在从句中充当主语或宾语This is the truththat hetold me.定语从句This isthe truththat heistheright manfor thejob.同位语从句同位语从句中先行词去掉后不影响句子的理解;而定语从句先行词不能去掉I believethe factthathewas honest.=I believethathewas honest.I believethe facthe thoughtto betrue.I believehe thoughtto betrue,同位语从句中先行词是表示抽象概念的词,而定语从句中的先行词可以是表抽象或具体概念的词同位语从句中的that不能省略,而定语从句中的that在从句中作宾语时可省略
四、注意点Lit引导主语从句和As引导定语从句区别这两种形式主要区别在于as结构有标点符号“,”号,而It和that连用,比较下面两个句子:As isknown toall,the earthmoves aroundthe sun.Tt isknown toall thatthe earthmoves aroundthe sun.
2.Whatever,whichever的形容词的用法Read whicheverbook youfind interesting.Whatever clothesyou wearare verysuitable.副词whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引导让步状语从句Whatever=no matterwhatyour problemsare,they cant beworse thanmine.Whoever=no matterwholaughs atyou,I willstand byyou.Whichever=no matterwhichyou maytake,I mnot interestedin it.Compare:名词性从句中不能用no matterwh-转化wh-cverWhoever saysso isa liar.Whoever maysay so,it isa lie.He caresabout whatevershe says.Whatever shesays,he caresabout it.
3.that的省略情况that在单个的宾语从句可省略特别注意的是主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和并列的宾语从句第二个that开始都不能省
4.whether和if区别这一点其实不用记,如果要分辨whether和if的名词性从句时,都选whether
1.whether可引导宾语、主语、表语、同位语从句,而if只引导宾语从句
2.在宾语从句中whether可与or not与连用,而if不能
3.whether可与to do连用,而if不能
4.whether可用在介词之后,而if不能
5.Whether和that用法区别whether引导的名词性从句通常是不确定的的信息,而that是确定的信息,比如We havent decidedwhetherwewi11go there.We havedecided thatwe will/won,t gothere.There isno doubtthathewill come.There isdoubt whetherhewillcome.I dontknowwhether youare rightor not.I knowthatyouare right.。