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怎么变老How toGrow Old伯特兰罗素by BertrandRusselll・In spiteof thetitle,this articlewill reallybe onhow notto growold,which,at mytime oflife,isa muchmore importantsubject.My firstadvice wouldbe tochoose yourancestors carefully.Althoughboth myparents diedyoung,I havedone wellin thisrespect asregards myother ancestors.Mymaternal grandfather,it is true,was cutoff in the flowerof hisyouth atthe age of sixty-seven,but my.尽管标题如此,但我真正要讲的却是如何阻other threegrandparents alllived to be overeighty止变老,对于活到我这个岁数的人来说,这是更重要的主题首先,我建议你慎重地选择你的祖辈父辈虽然我父母早逝,但在选择其他祖辈的时候,我很明智这是真的!我外祖父岁逝世,正值盛年,我其他三个祖父母都生活了多个春秋6780Of remoterancestors Ican onlydiscover one who didnot liveto agreat age,and hedied ofadisease whichis nowrare,namely,having hishead cutoff.A great-grandmother ofmine,who wasafriend ofGibbon,lived tothe ageof ninety-two,and toher lastday remaineda terrorto allherdescendants.My maternalgrandmother,after havingnine childrenwho survived,onewhodied ininfancy,and manymiscarriages,as soon as shebecame awidow devotedherself towomens higher在远房的上辈中,我只发现一个人并不长寿,他死于一种现在很罕见的疾病,叫做education.“脑梗塞”我的一个曾祖母,是吉朋的朋友她活到了岁,临终时所有的后辈都很敬92重并爱戴她我外祖母的孩子,九个存活下来,一个死于婴儿时期,还有许多流产了此后,她成了寡妇,致力于女子高等教育She wasone of the foundersof GirtonCollege,and workedhard atopening themedicalprofession towomen.She used to relatehow shemet inItaly anelderly gentlemanwho waslookingvery sad.She inquiredthe causeof hismelancholy andhe saidthat hehad justparted fromhis two她是格顿女子学院的创立人之一,并为实现女性从事医疗职业而尽心竭力她grand-children.曾说过在意大利遇到过一位神情忧伤的年老绅士问他为什么伤心,老人回答说他刚跟他的两个孙孩儿告别Good gracious/1she exclaimed,HI haveseventy-two grandchildren,and ifI weresad eachtimeI partedfrom one of them,I shouldhave adismal existence!H nMadresnaturale,n hereplied.Butspeaking asoneof the seventy-two,I preferher recipe.After theageofeighty shefound shehad somedifficultyin gettingto sleep,so shehabitually spentthe hoursfrom midnightto3a.m.in reading“天呐!”我外祖母感叹道,“我有个孙子孙女,要是每次我向其中一popular science.72个告别都难掩忧伤的话,我该有一种多么凄凉可怕的生活啊!”“多么伟大的母亲啊!”他答道但是作为个孩子之一的我来说,我倒赞成她的想法岁之后,外祖母发现自己7280难以入睡,所以她习惯性地在午夜至三点阅读科普书籍I donot believethat sheever hadtime tonotice thatshe wasgrowing old.This,I think,is theproperrecipe forremaining young.If youhave wideand keeninterests andactivities inwhich youcanstill beeffective,you willhave noreason tothink aboutthe merelystatistical factofthenumber of我相信她没有时间来注years youhave alreadylived,still lessoftheprobable brevityof yourfuture.意她的衰老我认为这就是保持年轻的适合之道如果你有广泛的活动和浓厚的兴趣,并且你能从中受益,那么你去思考你已经活了多少年这种纯粹的统计数据是毫无意义的,去想你还有多少年可活就更荒谬了As regardshealth,I havenothing usefulto saysince Ihave littleexperience ofillness.I eatanddrink whateverI like,and sleepwhen Icannot keepawake.1never doanything whateveron the.ground thatit isgood forhealth,though inactual factthe thingsI likedoing aremostly wholesome至于健康,我没有什么好说的,因为我很少生病我吃喝随意,困了就睡在做任何事之前,我从不考虑其是否有利于健康事实上,我喜欢做的事大多是有益健康的Psychologically thereare twodangers to be guardedagainst inold age.One ofthese isundueabsorption inthe past.It doesnot doto livein memories,in regretsfor thegood olddays,or insadnessabout friendswho aredead.Ones thoughtsmust bedirected tothe future,and tothings aboutwhichthere issomething tobe done.This isnot alwayseasy;ones ownpast isa graduallyincreasing weight.It iseasy tothink tooneself that ones emotionsusedtobe morevivid thanthey are,and onesmind在老more keen.If thisistrueit should be forgotten,and ifit isforgotten itwill probablynot betrue.年时期,心理上有两大威胁值得防范其中之一就是对往事的过分关注人不应该活在回忆里,不应该活在对过往的懊悔中,不应该活在对已故好友的悲痛中相反,人应该向前看,其实还有很多事等着我们去做但这并不容易,一个人过去的点点滴滴是逐渐累积的重担我们很容易这么想现在回首过去,感情不再清晰,思维不再敏锐如果这是真的,我们应该忘记;如果我们忘记了,可能这未必是真的The otherthing tobe avoidedis clingingto youthinthehope ofsucking vigourfrom itsvitality.When yourchildren aregrown upthey wantto livetheir ownlives,and ifyou continuetobeasinterested in them asyou werewhen theywere young,you arelikely tobecome aburden tothem,另外要避免的是寄希望于青春的生命力来获得活力当你的孩unless theyare unusuallycallous.子长大,想过他们自己的生活,而你却仍然对小时候的他们念念不忘时,你很可能成为他们的负担,除非他们异常麻木I donot meanthatoneshouldbewithout interestinthem,but onesinterest shouldbecontemplative and,if possible,philanthropic,but notunduly emotional.Animals becomeindifferentto their young assoonastheiryoungcan lookafter themselves,but humanbeings,owing tothe length我这里并不是说一个人对他们的孩子应该毫不在of infancy,find thisdifficult,tobecontinued意,而这种关注应该是默默的,如果可能的话,博爱的,仁慈的,但不是过分感情用事的动物幼崽只要能够自食其力,那么成年动物就放任不管了但对人来说,由于婴儿期的漫长,这就很难实现了摘自来自记忆与其他短文的描述from Portraitsfrom Memoryand OtherEssays。