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Unit FiveTerms inTechnical Contract教学目标驾驭概念(技术
1.Terms inTechnical Contract合同条款)及相关术语表达了解技术引进合同的语篇特点及翻译技巧
2.驾驭英汉翻译中的正反译法
3.教学重点与难点.教学重百技术省进合同中买卖双方检验、测试时的权利和义务;课后所列短语的运用及课文中专业术语的理解;翻译技巧及练习正反译法教学难点技术引进合同中的用词及句式特点教学方法讲解、练习与探讨正反译法Section IMethod andTechnique英语和汉语中往往均可用确定形式或否定形式表达同一概念但由于讲英语国家的历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性与我国不同,因此这些国家人们的思维方式与我们有时存在很大差异这种差别体现在语言习惯上,便产生了两种语言各自独特的表达形式O汉语的确定与否定意义是干脆表达出来的,这取决于汉语的表达习惯而英语句中的否定意义可通过多种形式的否定句来表达因此,在表示否定意义时,这种差异显得尤为突出英语的否定表达是一个常见而又比较困There is no evilwithout compensation.4Nothing isimpossible toa willingmind.5
⑥We cantbe too careful indoing experiments.当然,有的双重否定句也可以译成汉语的双重否定结构,如There isno storywithout coincidence.上文所谈的正说反译法和反说正译法仅是在翻译英语否定结构时所接受的一般原则在翻译实践中,对具体状况还要进行具体分析,切不行机械地套用这些规则,而要依据上下文具体的语言环境接受合乎汉语习惯的译法Practice正说反译1While tradeis good,money isvery tightatpresent.2The rockettraveling inspace isfree fromtheearths gravity.3In theabsence of a settlementthroughnegotiation,the caseunder disputecan besubmittedto arbitration.4Such achance wasdenied tome.5It wasbeyond hispower tosign such acontract.6Nowadays,the proportionof investmentintoeconomically affordablehousing onlyaccounts for5%of thetotal,which is far shortof theincreasingdemand fornew housesfrom middle-andlow-income families.7I amnew tothe work.8Before Icould getin aword,he hadmeasuredme andwas givingorders formorning suits,evening suits,shirts andall sortsof things.9When Jackmissed the last bus,he wasat alossas towhat todo.10The criminalis stillat large.11This isthe lastcontract Iwould sign.12He isthelast man forsuchajob.13While thegrass growsthe horsestarves.14If youfail tosettle thepayment intwo weeks,well haveto passthe matterto ourlegaldepartment.915They weredeaf tothe customerscomplaints.16Her husbandhates tosee herstony face.反说正译17There isnothing likejogging asa meansofexercise.18Suddenly heheard asound behindhim,andrealized hewas notalone in the garage.19The thoughtof returningto hisnative landneverdeserted himthen.20There isno rulethat hasno exception.21When weread wemay visitthe mostbeautifulparts of the earth,without fatigue,inconvenience andexpense.22Dont losetime inselling outyour stock.难的问题有的英语句子形式上是否定的而实质上确定的,有的形式上是确定的而实质上是否定的鉴于此,我们在翻译某些含有否定意义的英文句子时,应当特别留意两点一是英语里有些从正面表达的词语或句子,汉译时可以从反面来表达,即正说反译法;二是英语里有些从反面表达的词语或句子,汉译时可从正面来表达,即反说正译法英语正面表达指的是不带否定词等no,not,never的句子,或不带含否定前蝮、・.和non in-,im,ir-dis9否定后蝮等的句,汉语定面表法是指不带“不、Jess没、非、未、否、无、莫、勿、别”等否定词的句子,否则则是反面表达翻译时,原则上首选对应译法,但亦应视具体状况而灵敏接受正说反译或反说正译法来处理例如:1Only fivecustomers remainedin thebar.2I wrotethree booksin thefirst twoyears,arecord neverreached before.3A radarscreen isnot unlikea television.4The machineisfarfrom beingcomplicated.下面从正说反译和反说正译这两个方面来探讨英语否定结构汉译的一般原则正说反译法1•英语中的有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的这类词从形态上看都不是由否定词缀构成,是确定式;从词义上讲,它们大多数是某些词的反义词,通过长期的历史演化,这些曾完全作为反义词用的词义又引申出其它否定的词义一些语言学家称之为“含蓄否定词”,另一些语言学家则称之为“暗指否定词”运用含蓄否定词表达否定概念常常具有某种独特的修辞效果,它有时会使语言生动活泼或增加含蓄、耐人寻味的效果英语中的含蓄否定词或含蓄否定短语一般都要译成汉语的否定词组下面按词性列举它们的翻译方法名词1
①There wasa completeabsence ofinformation ontheoil depositin thatarea.
②Her childwas ina terriblestate ofneglect.3All internationaldisputes mustbe settledthroughnegotiations andthe avoidanceof anyarmedconflicts.作为名词用的含蓄否定词还有行(不顾,de ance无视),(否认,否定),懈除),denial exclusionfreedom(不,免除),(无,缺乏),(不成功,lack failure不足,不履彳亍),(不愿,不允用(失refusal bloss去)馨()动词2He hatesgoing towork late.1The doctorlost hispatient.23The motorrefused tostart.)类似的动词还有(未能、没做到),faiKto dolack(缺乏,没有),(不承认,不给),deny defy(不听从,不遵从,不让),(不同,不同意,differ不合),(未打中,未见到,未达到),(不miss forbid许),(不准),(不理,不愿考虑)等stop ignore()形容词或形容词短语3
①She wasdeaf toall advice.
②These elementsare shieldedso thatthey arefreefrom theinfluence ofmagnetic field.
③He wouldbe thelastmanto saysuch things.类似的形容词及其短语有(不在,不到),absent(木嫡熟,木灵敏,运用起来木便利),awkward bad(令人不快乐的,不受欢迎的,不舒适的),(看blind不到、不留意),(无生命dead的、无感觉的、不毛的),(不简洁的),difficult foreign(不适合于,与无关),(不to shortof够),(不好的,不幸的(不如道)poor5,ignorant of等()介词或介词短语4What yousaid isbeside the question.1The Theoryof Relativityput forwardby2Einstein is now abovemany peoplesunderstanding.类似这样的介词还有(与……不相称,不below足,不值得),(不值得,与不相称),beneath beyond(为所不及),(未满足,under不足),(无,木,没有,毫不),without except(不包括),(不超出,不出),(而within insteadof不是)等()副词5She saididly,“well,what doesit matter”1The soldiersblazed awayuntil theyhad no2ammunition left.()3Slowly hepulled theletter outof theenvelope,and unfoldedit.()连接词及其短语65I11do itnow beforeI forgetit.1Life maywell turnout to be thetrue,rather2than exception.()3She istoocarefulnot to have noticedit.)(某些含有否定意义的谚语和警句7英语中有些谚语和警句在结构形式上是确定的,但却表示某种否定寓意在翻译时,也可接受正说反译法,尽可能用简练的汉语或相应的汉语成语来表达例如Better toreign inhell thanserve inheaven.1Seeing isbelieving.23Bite offmore thanone canchew.
④Let sleepingdogs lie.
⑤A birdin thehand isworth twoin thebusho
⑥Call aspade aspade
⑦A doginthemanger.8He whohas amind tobeat hisdog willeasilyfind hisstick.反说正译法
2.有些英语否定句,用汉语的确定词和确定句来译更能符合汉语的习惯还有英语中的双重否定句,除了可以译成汉语的双重否定句外,也可以译成确定句不论怎样去译,都要尽力把英语双重否定句所含有的各种确定的语气和修辞效果表现出来下面分类列举它们的翻译方法名词1
①The machinehas twoserious disadvantages.
②The dishonestyofthecity officialswas exposedbythe newspaper.动词2D Bya suddenattack weuncovered theenemysright flank.
②The cannonswere dismountedfor shipping.形容词3He gaveme anindefinite answer.1逆He wasin anuncomfortable predicament2境.3It wasinconsiderate ofhim tomention thematterin herhearing.副词4“I dontknow ifI oughttohavecome Jshe said3breathlessly,grasping Sandysarm.This countryisnowunprecedentedly4expanding itsindustry.短语5
①To beor nottobe,that isthequestion.
②Dont losetime incleaning thismachine.
③AH menbetween18and45without exceptionareexpected toserve inthe armyduring thewar.
④Sir Andersonsspies werenot goingto losesightof me.双重否定句6D Thereisnogrammatical rulethat hasnoexception.
②The chargingof acondenser froma batteryis notunlikethe fillingofatank froman oilreservoir.3It isnone otherthan aluminum.。