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雅思写作和口语短语归纳(发展)1facilitate thedevelopment ofsth.促进某事物的发展This companyfacilitated thedevelopment ofcloud computingwith someofits large-scale researchprojects.通过一批大规模的研究项目,这个公司促进了云计算技术的发展inhibit thedevelopment ofsth./arrest thedevelopment ofsth.阻碍某事物的发展Failure toestablish anefficient transportnetwork inhibited/arrested thedevelopmentof internationaltrade.建立有效运输网络的失败严重阻碍了国际贸易的发展accompany sth.伴随着某事物Changing seasonsaccompany ourplanets revolutionaround thesun.季节的变换伴随着地球绕太阳的旋转2lag behind落后,发展滞后The autoindustry inthis countryis startingto lagbehind thatin othercountries.Screensavers areno longera necessityfor us.屏幕保护程序对我们来说已经不再是必需的了sth remainsa necessity(某事物)仍然是必需的In thatperiod,barriers totrade werehigh andthusoperationally-independent branchesremained a necessity.在现阶段,贸易壁垒仍然很高,所以可以自主运营的分公司仍然是非常必需的17be counterproductive适得其反的,距离预期目标越来越远的The continuoususe ofchemicals forthe controlof pestsis provingto becounterproductive.为了控制害虫而持续使用化学药品正在被证明适得其反cause as many problems as sthsolves(某种发展)所带来的问题和它解决的问题一样多This solutionmay causeasmanyproblemsasit solves.这个解决方案所带来的新问题和它解决的问题一样多not etched/carved in stone(某事物)并不是一成不变的;The rulesare notetched/carved instone theycan be altered tosuit thechangingcircumstances.规则并非是一成不变的,它们可以随着局面的改变也随之有所调整not set instone不是一成不变的These issuesshould bediscussed-nothing issetinstone.这些问题是可以讨论的一一没有什么是一成不变的19an age-old problem存在多年的问题New strategiesare neededto combat the age-old problemofdiscrimination atwork.对于存在多年的工作上的歧视问题,确实需要新的策略来予以解决an enduringproblem持续存在的问题Even thoughmany countrieshave agreedto joinhands tosolveenvironmental problems,the lackof coordinationof policiesandprogrammes remainsan enduringproblem.尽管许多国家同意联合起来解决环境问题,但合作中出现的缺乏协调和缺乏统一规范现象还有待解决pose aproblem forsb.对来说是一个有待解决的问题The factthat thecosts wereso highmust haveposed aproblem forthecompany.事实上如此大的花费对于公司来说是个有待解决的问题pose athreat tosth.对某事物构成威胁The continuoususe ofchemicals forthe controlof pests,which posesathreat to agricultural cropsand humanhealth,is provingto becounterproductive.为控制害虫持续使用化学药品从而对农作物和人类健康构成威胁的做法正在被证明适得其反21thriving economy高速发展的经济A low-carbon Britisheconomy wouldbe amore thrivingeconomy.一个低碳的英国经济将会发展得更加高速sluggish economy停滞不前的经济The UKeconomy has been verysluggish thesepast fewyears.在过去的几年中,英国经济一直停滞不前这个国家的汽车产业开始落后于其他国家的水平make improvements获得进展Some improvementswere madein radiocommunication duringWorldWar II.在第二次世界大战期间无线电通讯获得了一些进展forge ahead高速发展Information technologyhas forgedahead inthe lasttwo decades.在过去的20年里,信息技术经历了高速发展has improved beyond allrecognition已经今三日昔比Working conditionsatthecompany haveimprovedbeyondallrecognition duringthe pasttwo decades.在过去的20年间,在公司的工作条件早已今非昔比了3be aninstrument of social change是一种引起社会变革的因素Some peoplebelieve thatart is the mostimportant instrumentofsocial有些人相信艺术是引起社会变革的最重要的因素bring sthto astandstill停滞不前The crisisis threateningto bringthe economytoastandstill.这场危机使我们的经济有荷不前的危险be unchanged维持不变The principleof floatglass isunchanged sincethe1950s.浮法玻璃的原理自二十世纪五十年代起就再未改变过4There hasbeen ashift in…发生某种改变There hasbeen amajor shiftin publicopinion.公众的想法有了显著的改变shift emphasis/attention/focus from...to...把重点/注意力/焦点转到……上面The governmentseconomic policyhasbeento shiftthe emphasisfromthe heavyindustry tothe lightindustry.政府的经济发展重点开始从重工业转变为轻工业5the economicswings ofboom andslump经济的起落Employment issubject tothe economicswings ofboom andslump.就业率是和经济的起伏息息相关的economic recession经济衰退In timesof economicrecession,graduates tendto seekjobs that offergreater jobsecurity.在经济衰退期,毕业生倾向于青睐那些能提供高稳定性的职位6have/has far-reaching effects产生意义深远的影响The effectsof thechange willbe far-reaching.这次变革所带来的影响意义深远ripple effect/chain reaction涟漪效应,连锁反应The warcould setoff achain reactionthat wouldput thewhole worldatrisk.这场找争所带来的一系列连锁反应将威胁到整个世界的安危7knowledge economy知识经济An inquiringmind andthe abilityto combineideas arethe essentialcharacteristicsof aworkforce inthe knowledgeeconomy.在当今的知识经济时代,一个人的工作能力的核心基础就是要拥有一颗求知的心以及整合不同意见的能力leisure industry休闲产业The leisureeconomy isthriving asthe amountof moneyspent onleisureactivities continuesto grow.随着投入到休闲活动的资金越来越多,休闲产业开始欣欣向荣起来8relentless urbanisation毫无间断的城市化过程Many peoplebelieve thatthe relentlessurbanisation hasresulted inurbanpoverty,joblessness andcrime.许多人相信不停歇的城市化过程将最终带来城市内的贫穷、失、业和犯罪等问题the influx of.......的大量涌入The heavyinfluxoftourists hasled toincreased stresson localinfrastructureand services.旅游者的大量涌入导致了本地基础设施和服务的巨大压力9center bussinessdistrict商业区The centralbusiness districtisthefocal pointof thiscity.一个城市的中央商务区是这座城市的焦点pedestrian zone/car-free zone步行区The car-free zonewill protectthe environmentaround thehistoric citycentre.步行区可以保护城市内历史遗址周围的环境noisy andsmoggy吵闹且空气污染严重的Green carswill freeus upfrom thenoisy andsmoggy streets.环保汽车将可以把我们从喧闹且污染严重的街道中解救出来10be made/rendered obsolete by sth.原本存在的某种工具或技术被新生事物取代或者淘汰Typewriters havebeen renderedobsoletebycomputers.打字机已经被电脑所取代了be displacedby sth.旧事物由于某种新生事物的出现而不再被人们所使用Coal has already beenlargely displacedasafuel forelectricity.作为发电用的燃料,煤炭已经不再被人们当做主要燃料而使用birth rate出生率The birthrate inEngland hasfallen toan all-time low.英格兰的婴儿出生率降到了历史最低点population ageing人口老龄化Population ageinghas emergedin manydeveloping countriesas well.人口老龄化在许多发展中国家中是一个普遍的问题12overcrowded过度拥挤的An estimated800,000people areliving inovercrowded conditionsinLondon,在伦敦,有估计800000人生活在过度拥挤的环境下population density人口密度The populationdensity ofLondon ismore thanten timesthatofanyother Britishregion.伦敦的人口密度要在其他英国地区的十倍以上13be old-fashioned老式的(在英语中这个词的意义仅是指形式老,但不一定真的是过时的)Old-fashioned asit maybe,corporal punishmentis ofteneffective inenforcingauthority.尽管体罚是如此老式的一种教育形式,但它在实行中往往被证明是非常有效的avant-garde(绘画、电影、音乐等)前卫的Audiences havebeen remindedthat theymust workvery hard tounderstand thisavant-garde film.观众被提醒到他们需要非常努力才能理解这部前卫的电影14at thisstage在现阶段At thisstage,its stilldifficult tosay whowill winthe election.在现阶段要说谁会赢得选举还十分困难at present目前,现在At present,students canwatch filmsand playcomputers afterthe tour.目前,学生们可以在参观之后看电影或者玩电脑游戏at thispoint在这个时候At thispoint,its stillhardtopredict thewinner.在这个时候还很难预测谁会是胜利者a criticaljuncture关键时期With theeconomy ata criticaljuncture,the governmentis unlikelytomake sucha riskymove.在经济形式如此关键的时刻,政府不太可能做出冒险的行为15sth has ushered in...某事物带来了(某种新事物或者新的局面)The conferencehasusheredin aperiod ofinternational stabilityandcooperation.这次会议带来了一段国际间稳定合作的时期has fundamentallychanged sth,彻底改变了某事物This filmhas fundamentallychanged thefilm industry.这部电影从基础上彻底颠覆了电影行业beamilestone是一个里程碑/转折点Taking thisjob wasa realmilestone inhis career.获得这份工作是他事业上的一大里程碑sth isno longeranecessity(某事物)已经不再是必要的。