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考点6-主旨要义之文章标题-讲考点-胸有成竹【2022年文章标题考点归纳】Y点文章标题2022试卷类型设问考点2022年全国甲文章标阅读C
27.Which can be asuitable titlefor the卷text题文章标2022年全国乙卷阅读C
31.Which isthe mostsuitable titlefor thetext题20212021年新高考I文章标C篇
31.Which ofthefollowing isa suitabletitle卷for thetext题2021年全国甲卷D篇
15.What isthebest titlefor thetext文章标题阅读理2021年全国乙卷文章标C篇
31.Whichof thefollowingcan bethebest解titleforthetext题2021年新高考文章标C篇
11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitle卷IIfor thetext题20202020年全国II文章标D篇
35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext卷题2020年新课标I文章标D篇
35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforhetext卷题2020年新课标文章标I篇
35.What canbe asuitable titlefortheIII卷text题【2023年高考命题预测】文章标题考点是高考中的必考点标题位于文章之首,用来高度概括文章内容,点明文章主题它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容,抓住文章的中心,把握作者的观点和意图预测在2023高考中,文章标题题会继续geneticistscangetarough ideaofwhere andwhen thosegroupsseparated inthegreat migrationsaround(he planet.
4.Thebest titleforthisreading couldbe.A.Exploring humanhistory B.Finding DNAdifferencesC.Making abiologyexperiment D.Discovering ancestr)/inDNA【答案】
4.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要说明了遗传学者如何通过研究人类基因突变追踪人类起源和迁徙的问题
4.文章标题根据文章第一句ItisbelievedthathumanstorybeginsinAfricaandendsabout200000yearslaterwiththeirsevenbilliondescendants(后代)spreadacrosstheEarth,livinginpeaceoratwar,theirfaceslit bycampfiresand computerscreens/*人们相信,人类的故事始于非洲,结束于大约20万年后,他们的70亿后代散布在地球各地,生活在和平或战争中,他们的脸被营火和电脑屏幕照亮第二段最后一句In thepast20years,however,DNA technologieshave allowed scientists to find arecord of ancienthumanmigrations intheDNAoflivingpeople.然而,在过去的20年里,DNA技术使科学家能够在活人的DNA中找到远古人类迁徙的记录第三段最后一句By comparingmutations inmanydifferentpopulations,scientistscantracetheirancestralconnections.,,通过比较不同人群的基因突变,科学家们可以追溯他们祖先的联系和第四段最后一句By comparingthemtDNA andYchromosomes(染色体)ofpeoplefromvariouspopulations,geneticistscangetaroughideaofwhereandwhenthosegroupsseparatedinthegreat migrationsaround theplanet.0通过比较不同人群的miDNA和Y染色体,遗传学家可以大致了解这些人群在全球大迁徙中何时何地分开的可知本文主要讲人类起源于非洲大陆科学家运用DNA技术,通过比较世人的DNA基因突变情况,追踪不同族群的人是否源于同一祖先,进而大致弄清楚他们何时何地迁徙到世界各地D项“通过DNA寻祖”,最全面,能涵盖本文主旨为最佳标题故选D
4.D【江苏省六校2021-2022学年高三下学期期初联合调研】It waslate onaThursday eveningin Austin,Texas,and Ihadjustfinished myshift downtownwaitingtables.Ihoppedintomytruckandheadedawayfrom(hechaostomyownpersonaloasis,DansDepot.Itwasona fbur-lane roadthat wentstraight fromthe heartofAustin toWestTexas.Once,Dans Depothad beenoutsideofthecity.But withAustins populationgrowing andthecitys expansion,it wasswallowed upbyhigh-rise buildingsand skyscrapers.Ivebeen familiarwithDans Depot sinceIplayedmyfirst showthere.Likemost waitersinAustin,Imactually amusician.Thewoman whowelcomes customersisDans wifeMaude.Islid mytnickinto thelastfree spotand headedtothe door.Hows itgoing,Maude”Iasked.“David,Ijustdont knowwhatwere goingto do,“shesaid.Our contractwith thelandlordis upfbrrenewalaltheendofthemonth,andhehasdoubledtherent.Evenifwechargedtwiceasmuchfbrthesnacksand shows,wecouldnever makeends meet.”Myheartdropped.Onsomelevel,Id beenexpectingtohearthisnews fbraslongasId been comingtoDans Depot.After all,Dans Depotwas nowsandwiched betweenashopselling yogapants topeoplewhocould affordpersonal trainersand aluxuryfurniture storewhere evena simplediningchair costmorethan$1,
000.How couldthislittle livemusicjointsurvivewith(hosekinds ofneighbors“What arcyou goingto dowiththis placeArc youmoving^^I asked.Sheshookherheadslowly.t4Ijustdontknow.DanandIarenotasyoungasweusedtobe.”Ipattedherontheshoulder andmademy wayto thetablesnear thestage.Memories sprungupin mymind.Most ofmymusicalideascametomewhileIwaswatchingliveshowshereatDansDepot.Whenthesongended,Igotupand wentback toMaude.“Howabout Irunthenew Dans Depot”Iasked her.Shestared atme,surprised.“Hear meout/,I said.Ive gotenough moneytogo inwith youand Danas athirdpartner.I knowtheTexasmusicscene inandout,and Icanget thebest newbandsin hereevery week.We,ll moveitwaydownSouth CongressAvenue,where itsstillcloseenoughto beaccessiblefrom downtownbut therentis moreaffordable.Andmost importantly,this placemeans alottome.Maudewasstillstaringatmesilently.Ibegantogrowuneasy.Had1offendedherIstartedapologizing.Shecut meoffwith ahugeembrace.t4Honey,I thinkthatsafantastic idea.”
35.Whats thebest titlefbrthepassageA.The powerofmusic B.Old traditionsdiehardC.My respectfbrMaude D.Every endisa newbeginning【答案】
35.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文文章讲述了作者心目中的绿洲DansDepot面临即将倒闭的风险,作者建议换一种方式来经营这个事业文章告诉我们每一个结束都是一个新的开始
35.文章标题根据文章第四段“Ourcontractwiththelandlordisupfbrrenewalattheendofthemonth,andhe hasdoubled therent.Even ifwecharged twiceas muchfor thesnacksand shows,we couldnever makeendsmeet.(我们和房东的合同到月底就要到期了,他把租金增加了一倍即使零食和演出的费用是平时的两倍,我们也无法入不敷出)“、文章第五段“Onsomelevel,Idbeenexpectingtohearthisnewsfbr aslongas Idbeencomingto DansDepot.(在某种程度上,自从我来到DansDepot,我就一直预期会听到这个消息),文章倒数第三段“Howabout Irunthenew DansDepot Iaskedher.(我来经营新的DansDepot怎么样我问她)”以及文章最后一段“Shecutmeoffwithahugeembrace.Honey,Ithink thatsafantastic idea.(她猛地抱住我,打断了我的话“亲爱的,我觉得这是个好主意文章讲述了作者心目中的绿洲DadsDepot面临即将倒闭的风险,作者建议换一种方式来经营这个事业因此推断文章告诉我们每一个结束都是一个新的开始故选D
5.C【2022届山东省前泽市高三第一次模拟考试(一模)】Ayoung womanholds upabookand smiles,saying,“This isday oneofmereading TheSongofAchiHes.Thevideojumpsfbrward.Andthis”,shesobs,withtearsonherface.4tismefinishingit.Anothervideo,entitled“BooksthatwillmakeyouSOB”,offerswrittennotesonhowvariousstoriesgotreaderstocry,suchasIcantthinkaboutitwithoutbawling(痛哭)“and“endedupcryingsomuchIhadtochangemyshirt.”This isBookTbk,as theliterary wingof theappTikTokis known.Imagine theemotionalchanges ofaVictoriandrama,add music,and youhave thegeneralidea.BookTok ispassionate.It isalso profitable—a(least forpublishers.Bloomsbury,a publishinghousebased in Britain,recently reportedrecord salesand a220%rise inprofits,which NigelNewton,itsboss,putdown partly tothe absolutephenomenonofBookTok.OnAmazon,BookTok issoinfluentialthatithasleaptintothetitlesofbooksthemselves.ThenovelItEnds With Us”,fbrinstance,is nowlistedasIt EndsWithUs:TikTok mademebuyil!”EvidentlyTikTokdidagood job:theromanticnovel isridinghigh inthetop100in bothBritainand America.Atthesametime,BookTokpushesbackagainstpublishingamnesia(失忆疝).Booksareimaginedtooffer immortality(不朽)to authors—to bea“monumentmore lastingthan bronze”,as theRomanpoetHoracewrote-butthelifespanofmostbooksisamazinglyshort.Digoutalistofbestsellersfrom20yearsago:notonlyaretodaysreadersunlikelytobuythem,mostwonthaveheardofthem.Manyofthebookswillhavejoined thelistsofwhat W.H.Auden calledtheundeservedly fbrgoilen”.BookTok isrevivingbacklists.Onereason publishersnoticed it,says PhilipGwyn JonesofPicador,aBritish imprint,was that,under itsinfluence,oldtitles werecoming backintothe bestsellercharts.It offerssuchbooks“asecondlift”,and heapplaudsit.Starttrending onBookTok.and eventually,agreat bookfindsitsreaders.
11.Which ofthefollowingis asuitabletitleforthetextA.Books andsocial media—WordofmouthB.Books andsocial media—Friend orenemyC.From BookstoBookTok—An unstoppabletrendD.From BookstoBookTok—Exploring everlastingvalues【答案】
11.A【解析】这是一篇说明文本文阐述了社交媒体TikTok(抖音国际版)下的子标签BookTok引起了读书新潮流,带动了图书销售
11.文章标题通读全文,尤其是根据第二段“Thisis BookTok,as theliterarywingofthe appTikTok isknown.(这是BookTok,应用程序TikTok的文学分支)”和根据第三段“Bloomsbury,apublishinghousebased inBritain,recently reportedrecord salesand a220%rise inprofits,whichNigel Newton,itsboss,put downpartlytotheabsolute phenomenon”ofBookTok.(总部位于英国的布鲁姆斯伯里出版社最近公布了创纪录的销售额和220%的利润增长,其老板奈吉尔・牛顿将其部分归因于BookTok的“十足出色”户可知,本文阐述了TikTok下的子标签BookTok带动了图书销售,说明了社交媒体口碑对书籍销售的巨大力量因此,以下适合文本标题的是A项“Books andsocialmedia—Word ofmou【h(书籍和社交媒体口碑)”,符合题意,故选A项在高考阅读理解中呈现【主旨大意之段落大意考点指南】选择文章标题,首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式,先弄清文章的主旨大意,再定标题首先,要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何一般要求能覆盖全文内容,体现文章主旨要避免下列三种情况
①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,从而导致范围太小);
②过度概括(多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥);
③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意其次,要考虑标题的针对性,即标题范围要恰当,针对性强要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系既不能太大,也不能太小,太大则中心就不突出,太小也发挥不了应起的作用;精确度高,不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩它可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子再次要注意标题的醒H性,标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖,标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂和门面标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性,读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍故标题一般比较醒目,甚至比较离奇,以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣.最后要注意,要恰当地选好标题,还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法一般说来,拟定标题是段落大意以话题为核心,与控制性概念的词按•定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组题常考问题Which ofthefollowingisthebest titleofthepassageThebest titleforthepassagewould be...考例分析l.C[2021•全国新高考II卷】ABritish womanwho wonaSImillion prizeaftershewas namedthe WorldsBest Teacherwillusethecash tobringinspirational figuresinto UKschools.AndriaZafirakou,a northLondon secondary school teacher,said shewanted tobring about aclassroomrevolution(变革).“Wearegoingtomakeachange,Mshesaid.Tvestartedaprojecttopromotetheteaching ofthearts in ourschools.^^Theproject resultsfrom thedifficultiesmany schoolshavein gettingartists ofanysort-whether anup-and-coming localmusician oramajormoviestar-intoschools towork withandinspirechildren.Zafirakou begantheproject atAlperton CommunitySchool,herplace ofwork forthepast twelveyears.44Ivc seenthosemagicmoments whenchildren arctalking tosomeonethey arcinspired by-theireyes areshiningand theirfaces lightup,“shesaid.We needartists.more thanever inourschools.ArtistMichael Craig-Martin said:Andrias brilliantprojecttobring artistsfrom allfields intodirectcontactwith childrenis particularlywelcome atatimewhen theartsare beingdowngradedinschools.Itwas amistake toseethearts asunnecessary,headded.Historian SirSimonSchamais alsoasupporter oftheproject.He saidthat artseducation inschoolswas notjust anadd-on.t4It isabsolutely necessary.Thefuture dependsoncreativity andcreativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwill remainofus whenartificial intelligencetakes overwill beourcreativity,andit isourcreativespirit,ourvisionar/sense offreshness,that hasbeen ourstrengthfor centuries.”
8.Whatwill Zafirakoudowith herprizemoneyA.Makea movie.B.Build newschools.C.Run aproject.D.Help localmusicians.
9.Whatdoes Craig-Martin thinkoftheteaching oftheartsin UKschoolsA.It isparticularlydifficult.B.It increasesartists,income.C.It openschildrens mind.D.It deservesgreater attention.
10.What shouldbestressed inschooleducation according to SchamaA.Moral principles.B.Interpersonal skills.C.Creativeabilities.D.Positive worldviews.
11.Whichofthe followingisa suitabletitleforthetextA.Bring Artiststo SchoolsB.When HistoriansMeet ArtistsC.Arts EducationinBritainD.The WorldsBest ArtsTeacher【答案】
11.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金,她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目,让艺术家进入学校
11.文章标题根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,anorth Londonsecondaryschoolteacher,said shewantedtobringaboutaclassroom revolution.4Weare goingtomake achange,“she said.Tve startedaproject topromotetheteaching oftheartsinourschools.^^伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚•扎菲拉库AndriaZafkakou表示,她想掀起一场课堂革命“我们将做出改变,”她说“我已经启动了一个项目,以促进我们学校的艺术教学可知,文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目,将艺术家带进学校,促进艺术教学故选A
2.D【2021♦英语全国甲卷】Whois ageniusThisquestion hasgreatly interestedhumankind forcenturies.Letsstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewant ogo beyondoneman andexplorehenatureofgenius itself.Whyisithat somepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligent orcreativethantherest ofusAnd who arc theyIn thesciences andarts,thosepraised asgeniuses weremostoften whitemen,ofEuropean origin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.Itssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmission tothegenius club.When contributionswere madebygeniuses outsidetheclub—women,orpeopleof adifferentcolor orbelief-they wereunacknowledged andrejectedbyothers.Astudyrecentlypublished bySciencefoundthat asyoung asagesix,girlsare lesslikelythanboys tosay(hatmembersofiheirgender(性别)are“really,reallysmart.^^Evenworse,thestudyfound(hatgirlsact onthatbelief:Around agesix theystartto avoidactivities saidto beforchildrenwhoarc“really,reallysmart.^^CanourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveupIt doesnttakeageniusto knowtheanswer:absolutely not.Heresthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,wereallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfaclors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,ftituregeniusescomefromthosewithintelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoarcableto changetheworld.
15.What isthebesttitleforthetextA.Geniuses ThinkAlike B.Genius TakesMany FormsC.Genius andIntelligence D.Genius andLuck【答案】
15.B【解析】这是一篇议论文文章由问题“谁是天才?”引入,论述了世人灼天才的狭隘定义,提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式,不要让思维限制了我们的“天才能力
15.文章标题根据文章的主要内容,结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius(谁是天才)”和最后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith^intelligence,creativity,perseverance,andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”(正如一位作家所说,未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才可知,天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人,他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题故选B
3.C【2021•全国新高考I卷】Whenthe explorersfirstset footuponthecontinent ofNorthAmerica,theskies andlandswere alivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittook(heexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandful ofoverlyambitious sportsmen.Millions ofacresofwetlands weredried tofeed andhousetheever-increasing populations,greatlyreducing waterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowland(hewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarry aFederal DuckStamp.Thevery firstFederal Duck Stamp wasdesigned byJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltas DirectoroftheBureau ofBiologicalSurvey.Hunters willinglypay thestampprice toensure thesurvivalof ournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyinto(heMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afact(ha(ensures thislandwillbeprotected andavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemoreIhan5millionacresofhabitat.Littlewonder(heFederal DuckStampProgram hasbeen calledoneof themostsuccessfulconservation programseverinitiated.
31.Which ofthefollowingis asuitabletitleforthetextA.The FederalDuckStampStory B.TheNational WildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefits ofSavingWaterfowl D.The HistoryofMigratory BirdHunting【答案】
31.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事,由于美国移民的大量流入,对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减,因此美国发行了鸭票,狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎,而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金,从而保护了水禽
31.文章标题根据全文可知,由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减,因此美国发行了鸭票,狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎,而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金,从而保护了水禽,故可知,本文讲述美国鸭票的故事,故选A
4.C【2021・全国高考乙卷】Youve heardthat plasticispollutingtheoceans-between
4.8and
12.7million tonnesenter oceanecosystemsevery year.But doesone plasticstraworcup reallymakeadifference ArtistBenjamin VonWongwantsyou toknow that itdoes.He buildsmassivesculptures out ofplasticgarbage,forcing viewersto re-examinetheirrelationship tosingle-use plasticproducts.At thebeginningoftheyear,theartist builtapiece called“Strawpocalypse,“apair of1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozen mid-crash.Made of168,000plasticstraws collectedfrom severalvolunteer beachcleanups,thesculpturemade itsfirstappearance atthe EstellaPlaceshoppingcenter inHoChiMinh City,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeans(hebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,buttheyverecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledontneed themtodrinkwithand,because oftheirsmallsizeandweight,they cannotberecycled.Every strawthatspart ofVon Wongsartwork likelycamefrom adrinkthat someoneused foronly afewminutes.Once thedrink isgone,thestrawwill takecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckloads worthofplasticenters theocean.For thiswork,titled“Truckload ofPlastic,”VonWongandagroup ofvolunteers collected morethan10,000pieces ofplastic,which werethen tiedtogethertolookliketheyd beendumped(倾倒)from atruck allat once.Von Wonghopesthat hiswork willalso helppressure bigcompanies toreducetheirplasticfootprint.
31.Whichof thefollowingcan bethebest titleforthetextA.ArtistsOpinions onPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterest inContemporary ArtC.ResponsibilityDemanded ofBigCompaniesD.Ocean PlasticsTransformed intoSculptures【答案】
31.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin VonWong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品,让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系此外他在2018的一件作品“TruckloadofPlastic”说明了每60秒,就有一卡车塑料进入海洋VonWong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识
31.标题判断题通读全文,结合第一段“ButdocsoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifferenceArtistBenjamin VonWong wantsyou toknowthatit does.He buildsmassive sculpturesoutof plastic garbage,forcing viewerstore-examine theirrelationship tosingle-use plasticproducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗?艺术家本杰明・冯・王(BenjaminVonWong)想让你知道,它确实如此他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑,迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系)”和倒数第二段“Inapieceform2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckloads worthofplasticenters theocean.For thiswork,titled“Truckload ofPlastic,Vbn Wongand agroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000pieces ofplastic,which werethen tiedtogethertolookliketheyd beendumped(倾倒)from atruck allat once.(在2018年的一个作品中,冯•王(VonWong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字每60秒,就有一卡车塑料进入海洋这项名为“一卡车塑料•”的作品,冯•王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料,然后把它们绑在一起,让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的户可知艺术家本杰明•冯・王(BenjaminVonWong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系,唤醒和提高人们循环利川的意识,促进环保的发展由此可知,D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨,适合作为标题故选D项规律方法如何精确归纳标题?
1、利用主题段来概括标题主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段,一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题,知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心,把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题
2、利用主题句来概括标题解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句,要注意贯穿文章始终的词语通过寻找文章的主题句,并对主题句进行概括和提炼,从而确定文章的标题做此类题时,要避免以下三种错误
(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体,从而缩小了范围);
(2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);
(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意【试题精练】
1.D12022届安徽省江南十校高三下学期3月一模联考】Foodmade fromatmospheric carboncouldfeed theworldwhile helpingtofight climatechange,accordingtoSolarFoods,aFinnish companyfounded in
2017.“Wecan collectCO2anywhere,“said itsCEOPasiVainika,whose companyhas developeda proteinpowder madeusingCO
2.Thats astrategicshift whereraw materialsare intheair.Theprotein powder,called Solein,canbeturned intomeat anddairysubstitutes oraddedtofoods andshakes.SolarFoods usesspecialunitstopullCO2fromtheatmosphere.Toturnitintoprotein.microbes(微物),similartothoseintheproductionofwineandyogurt,willbefedonittogrowandreproduce.Duringtheprocess,water issplitintohydrogen andoxygen.Along withagrowth mediumcontaining necessaryminerals,thethree gasesarc pumpedin tofeed themicrobes.Harvested anddried,thatremaining mixturebecomesSolein—a yellowpowder madeupofsingle-cell protein,with anutrientcompositionsimilar towheatflour.SolarFoods claimsthat Soleinremoves mostoftheemissionsassociated withmodernagriculture,which isresponsiblefor almostone-third ofall greenhousegas emissions.t4One kilogramof Solcinsendsout
0.2kilogramofCO2e(二氧化碳当量).Incomparison.beefherdsproducearound100kilogramsandchicken1()kilograms,“saidVainikka.44Wecanrermovetheclimateimpactofmodemfoodsystemsontheplanet,which todayaccount forabout30percent ofglobalgreenhousegas emissions*Hefurtherstressed thatwhilethe companysfactories alsorequire somelandusedfor industrialfarming,only aboutone-tenthofthelandisneededcomparedtophotosynthesis(光合作用).Wecouldfreeupagriculturallandto growback fbrestsJheadded,“and thoseremovecarbon permanentlyfrom theatmosphere.”ProbablyoptimistsarcnowcontentingthemselveswiththepleasantsceneofmassesoftreesabsorbingCO2:ontheplanet.However,whilethat maysound great,Vainikkaput itright,uIt canhappen onlyifweproduceenoughSolcinfromCO,toreplacemeatanddairyatalargescale/Andthatstillremainsalongwayto go.
35.Whichof thefollowingcan bethebesttitleforthetextA.AirProtein Produced,CO,ReducedB.Collecting Air,Removing CO2C.ClimateChanging,Danger ComingD.Protect Earth,SaveOurselves【答案】
35.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了温室效应口趋严重,二氧化碳是主要成因之一一家芬兰公司利用吸碳技术,将空气中的二氧化碳转化为可食用蛋白质,减少碳排放,并解放耕地,用于植树造林,缓解温室效应
35.文章标题第一段概括介绍SolarFoods公司利用空气中二氧化碳生产蛋白质Solein的基本信息——第二段介绍这一生产过程及所需物质——第三段阐述该技术的优势及长远意义一第四段主要介绍该技术的前景综上,A选项概括了文章大意一从空气中获取二氧化碳生产蛋白质Solein,减少二氧化碳故选A
2.D12022届广东省高三六校第四次联考】Efforts topreservetheAmazonrain forest,which supportsimmensebiodiversityand locksaway tonsofclimatethreatening carbon,are growingmoreurgent astheecosystems destructionaccelerates.Indigenous(当地的)peopleshavebeentryingtoprotecttheregionbypatrolling(巡逻)theirterritorialboundaries forillegalactivities.But rapiddeforestation continues.Arecent studyshows thatcombining on-the-ground monitoringwithsatellitedataand smartphonetechnologycouldhelp put thebrakes onAmazondeforestation—and potentiallythatofforests elsewhere.Illegal logging,agricultureand cocacultivation particularlythreaten theAmazonin thePeruvianIndigenouscommunitiesandoutsidersareoftentheculprits(罪魁祸首).Theresearchteamwonderedifproviding trainingforlocal peopletousesatellite-based“early deforestationalerts”could help.Thescientistscollaborated with76Indigenous communities,36ofwhich participatedin usingthesealerts towatchovertheforest.Overthenexttwoyearsthesetrainedparticipantswerepaidtoworkasforestmonitorsand receivedmonthlyalerts viatheappwhensatellitedataindicated localforest losses.Monitorsinvestigated alerts,patrolled fordeforestation inotherareas andreported confirmedlosses backtoiheircommunities,which decidedwhether todeal withtheculprits ontheirownor informstateauthorities.Theresearchers analyzedthesame forest-loss satellitedatafrom thegiventimeperiod inall76communities.Theyfoundtheearly-alertprogramreducedforestlossby
8.4hectaresinthefirsttwoyear—a52%reduction comparedwith theaveragelossin thecontrolcommunities.Experts saythisapproach totacklingAmazonian deforestationlookspromising.44Wouldthiswork inallcommunities thathave highrisk ofdeforestationGiven theresults,its worthatry.says CatherineTucker,a researcheratthe UniversityofFlorida.44But somecommunitiesmaynothave accesstotheresourcesneededforsuchaprogram,ortheirterritoriesmayholdvaluablemineralsthatwouldincreasetherisk ofdeforestationbyoutsiders despitemonitoringefforts,wrote FranciscoHemandez Cayetano,acommunitymember involvedintheresearch,kVweas Indigenouspeoples asktheworld fbrsupport.”
15.Whichcan bethebesttitleforthetextA.Local MonitorsTrainedfor Forest Loss.B.SatelliteData CureDeforestation.C.Outsiders Areto BlameforForestLoss.D.Smart PatrolFights Deforestation.【答案】
15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文本文主要介绍了一种有助于遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐的新方法,那就是将本地监控与智能手机警报相结合的智能巡逻的方法
15.文章标题通读全文,结合文章第二段内容“Arecent sludyshows ihatcombiningon-the-groundmonitoringwith satellitedataand smartphonetechnologycould helpputthebrakesonAmazondeforestation—andpotentially thatofforests elsewhere.^^(最近的•项研究表明,将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合,有助于遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐,并可能遏制其他地区的森林砍伐)可知,本文主要介绍了一种有助于遏制亚马逊地区的森林砍伐的新方法,那就是将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合,将本地监控与智能手机警报相结合的智能巡逻的方法,D项“Smart PatrolFightsDeforestation(智能巡逻与森林砍伐作斗争)”能够概括文章主要内容故选D项
3.B【河南省名校联盟2022届高三下学期第二次模拟】It isbelievedthat humanstory beginsin Africaand endsabout200,000years laterwiththeir sevenbilliondescendants代)spread acrosstheEarth,livingin peaceorat war,theirfaces litbycampfires andcomputerscreens.In betweenis anexcitingtaleof survival,movement,isolation,and conquest,mostofit occurringbeforerecordedhistory.WhowerethosefirstmodernpeopleinAfricaWhatroutesdidtheytakewhentheyleft theirhomecontinent60,000years agotoexpand intoEuropeandAsia Whenand howdidhumansreach theAmericasFor decades,theonlyproof wasfound inasmallnumber ofscatteredbones andartifactsthat ourancestorsleft behindontheirjourneys.Inthepast20years,however,DNA technologieshaveallowedscientiststofindarecordofancient humanmigrations intheDNAoflivingpeople.“Every dropofhuman bloodcontainsahistory bookwrittenin thelanguageofour genes,“sayspopulation geneticistSpencer Wells.The humangenetic code,or genome,is
99.9percent identicalthroughouttheworld.But whilethebulkofourDNAis thesame,whats leftis responsiblefbrourindividualdifferences—ineye colorordisease risk,fbrexample.Onvery rareoccasions,a smallchange,calledamutation,canoccur,whichisthenpasseddowntoallofthatpersonsdescendants.Generationslater,findingthatsamemutationintwopeoplesDNAindicatesthat(heysharethesameancestor.Bycomparingmutationsin manydifferent populations,scientists cantrace theirancestralconnections.Theseancient mutationsareeasiest totrackintwoplaces:inDNAthat ispassedfrommothertochild(calledmitochondrialDNA,ormtDNAforshort),andinDNAthattravelsfromfathertoson(knownastheYchromosome,thepartofDNAthatdeterminesachildwillbeaboy).BycomparingthemtDNAandYchromosomes(染色体)ofpeople fromvarious populations,。