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被动语态知识剖析
一、语态分类:英语动词有两种语态,主动语态Activevoice和被动语态Passivevoice主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者They builda newbridge overthe river.主动A newbridge isbuilt overthe river.被动汉语中常用“被,“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用be动词+及物动词的过去分词构成
二、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略My auntinvited meto herdinner party.主语谓语宾语I wasinvited by my auntto herdinner party
三、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be动词的变化上,列表如下:时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时态do/does am/is/are+done一般过去时态did was/were+done一般将来时态will/shall/be going to+do will/shall/be going to+be done过去将来时态would/should/be goingto+do would/should/be goingto+be done现在进行时态am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being done过去进行时态was/were+doing was/were+being done现在完成时态have/has+done have/has+been done过去完成时态had+done had+been done情态动词can/may/must...+do can/may/must..be done
1.一般现在时am/is/are+doneChinese Peoplegrow ricein the southern area.主动Rice isgrown in thesouthernarea byChinese people.(被动)
2.一般过去时was/were+doneThey builta newcar factorylast month.(主动)A newcar factorywas builtby themlast month.(被动)
3.一般将来时will/be goingto+be doneTheywill sendcars abroad on a huge ship.(主动)Cars will be sentabroadonahugeship.(被动)
4.现在进行时am/is/are+being doneThe students arereading booksin the classroom.(主动)Books are being readby thestudents in theclassroom.(被动)
5.过去进行H寸was/were+being doneTheworkers weremending the:road at this time yesterday.(主动)The roadwas beingmended by the workersatthistimeyesterday.(被动)
6.现在完成时have/has+been doneSomeonehas toldme the sports meeting might be put off.(主动)I have been toldthe sportsmeetingmightbeput off.(被动)
四、含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成情态动词有can/could,may/might,shall/should,will/would,must,need,have toYoumust hand in yourcompositions after class.(主动)Your compositionsmust behanded inby youafter class.(被动)
五、被动语态的使用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语Mr.White,the cupwas brokenafterclass.
2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语These recordswere madeby JohnDenver.
六、语态转换时所注意的问题
1.主动语态变被动语态时,谓语动词的时态要与原句保持一致,谓语动词单复数要与新主语保持一致We boughta newcomputer.()A newcomputer wasbought byus./A newcomputer werebought byus.(x)
2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语(指人)为主语时比较多My unclegave me a presentyesterday.—1was givena presentbymy uncle yesterday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词to或for,如上句还可以说A presentwasgiven tome bymyuncleyesterday.注意1)一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等The bookwas showedto theclass.2)一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如buy,cook,choose,do,fix,keep,make,order,paint,play,•Ayrsing等A newskirt wasmade forme.
3.由动词+介词或副词构成的动词短语,要把它们作为整体看,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有:laugh at,listen to,look after,think of,talk about,find out,give up,handin,think over,turn down,work out等The problemis solved.It needntbe talkedabout.
4.在feel,hear,listen to,make,let,have,notice,see,watch,,notice等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,即A hearB do sth.一B beheard to dosth.by A.We oftenhear himplay the guitar.一He isoften heardto playtheguitar.区分在see,watch,hear,notice等动词后作宾语补足语的为动词的现在分词ing形式时被动句的变法用结构A seeB doingsth・—B beseen doingsth,by AWesaw himplaying the piano.—He was seen playingthepiano,
5.有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和Well,badly,easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等The clothwashes easily.这布很好洗The newproduct sellswell.这新产品很畅销对比The bookssell well.这些书卖的好(主动句)The bookswere soldout.这些书被卖光了(被动句)
6.在need等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式The houseneeds repairing(=to berepaired).这房子需要修理
7.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句1系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如feel,look,seem,taste,smell,sound,remain等The flowersmells nice.2一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如take place,break out,belong to,grow up等The firebroke outin thecapital building.3不及物动词没有被动语态,如rise,happen,succeed,lie等The accidenthappened atmidnight.Our schoollies inHua Yang.
9.过去分词作后置定语相当于一个含有被动语态的定语从句:精练精析
1.Do manyparents expecttheir childrento getmarried earlypassive voice
2.Tina wateredthe flowersyesterday.Passive voice
3.Our schoolis goingto holda sportsmeeting nextweek.Passive voice
4.Jeff iscleaning theblackboard atpresent.Passive voice
5.The mechanicwas fixingthe machineat5yesterday.Passive voice
6.I havejust noticeda mancome throughthe door.Passive voice
7.David cansolve themath problemeasily.Passive voice
8.They aregoingtofurnish a new house.Passive voice
9.My friendTim lentmeabike yesterday.Passive voice
10.My mumbuys meanewdress everysummer.Passive voice
11.Our schoolputoffthesportsmeeting becauseof thebad weather.Passive voice
12.Miss Liusually noticesthe boysing in the classroom.Passive voice
13.Bob noticedthe thiefjumping out of thebuilding.Passive voice
14.这支钢笔很好写(翻译)
15.Her bedroomneeds tidying,the samemeaning
16.It isreported thatit isgoingtorain tomorrow.The samemeaning
17.The carproduced inJapan isoutofwork now.Complex sentence即学即练单项选择I.A.gave B.was givenC.gives D.has beengiven
2.Jack wasmade hisown clothesby hismother.A.washed B.wash C.to washD.washing
3.He treesin hisgarden justnow.A.was seenplanting B.wasseenplant C.is seen to plantD.has beenseentoplant
1.For hiseleventh birthday,Elvis wanteda bicyclebut aguitar byhis parents.
4.No decisionabout thetrip untilthe headmastercomes back.A.is madeB.will bemade C.is beingmade D.has beenmade
5.—Nobody likes,so youdbetter bekind toothers.——So sorry.I wontdo itagain.A.laugh atB.to laugh at C.to belaughed atD.to belaughed
6.The2008Olympic Gaineswill bein Beijing.I wantto be a volunteerat thattime.A.taken placeB.happened C.held D.attended
7.It isreported that the UndergroundLine No.9in Huaduin thenear future.A.will be built B.has beenbuilt C.will buildD.has built
8.—When thePRC一On Octoberl,
1949.A.did,found B.was,found C.did,founded D.was,founded
9.This bookis sopopular thatit asexpected.A.was sold as goodB.was sold as wellC.soldasgood D.soldaswell
10.The firsttelephone cards,in1976were fromItaly.A.was producedB.which producedC.produced D.producing
11.I hopeour schoolcan infive monthstime.A.bebuiltB.build C.will bebuilt D.building
12.Every meanstried butwithout muchresult.A.has beenB.have beenC.are D.is
13.The penwhich mybest friendgave tome well,so Ilike usingit verymuch.A.write B.is writtenC.writing D.writes
14.The ladyshe sawin thehospital.It seemedthat to beanurse wasntthe rightchoice forher.A.was disgustedby whichB.was revoltedby whatC.is disgustingat whatD.was revoltingwith what
15.While shopping,people sometimescant help into buyingsomething theydont reallyneed.A.to persuadeB.persuading C.being persuadedD.be persuaded用所给单词的正确形式填空II.
1.Whenstart thejourneynot decideyet.
2.South-east Asiawas hitby tsunamis,in
2004.Many housesand buildinghave torebuild.It costa lotof money.
3.It wasa truestory.A tourguide namedWen Hazhihad hisleft legcut,because sherefusedsave firstby120”.Shetold themto savethe otherpassengers first.
4.New onlinelanguage oftenappears.Popular cyber words and phrases likeThe worldis sobig,and Iowe ita visit,memeda”and xiaoxianrou”,include inmost popularcyberwordsandphrases,9lists in2015in China.
5.Afterelect amember ofParliament,he feelsambitious.
6.Six of the sevencountrywith thehighest obesitybeing veryfat rateare English-speaking nations,a newsurveysay.The countryatthetop ofthe listis theUSA.Thisfollow byMexico,New Zealand,Australia,the UK.
7.The speakerraised hisvoice butstill couldntmake himselfhear.
8.Your shoesare toodirty,they needimmediately,wash
10.The songsingby Jolinwriteby Jaysome yearsago.
11.Have youever heardof asystem ofwriting ondots base
12.We areglad tohear thatthe terroristsby thebrave policemenseveral daysago.catch
13.一Why istheclassroomso dirty—Sorry,sir.It yesterday.We forgotto doit.not,clean
14.一Does shelike singingEnglish songs—Yes.Usually,she tosing English songs inher room,hear
15.Chinas23rd BeidouSatellite intospace onJune12,
2016.send
16.——Do youthink teenagersshould tomake theirown decisionsencourage——No,I dontagree withyou.They9re tooyoung to do that.句型转换III.
1.Did Tomhear agirl singin thenext roomlast nightChange the sentence into passive voice
2.The studentswill neverlaughatthose whocant answerthe teachers9question.Change the sentence into passivevoice
3.The mooncouldnt beseen bypeople becauseoftheclouds.AV
4.Has enoughfood beenprepared bythe childrenAV
5.It isbelieved thatSandy passedthe drivingtest,simple
6.Given another chance,I amsure I will succeed.Change the sentence intoa complexsentence
7.Joan sawher neighboursdrive awaywith ababys carrycoton theroof theircar.Change thesentence into passivevoice
8.The managercaught thechef smokingduring hisworking hour.So hegot firedimmediately.Change theunderlinedpart intopassive voice
9.We haveto dosomething to prevent the prices of houses from increasing too fast.Something___________________________________topreventthepricesofhousefromincreasingtoofast.
10.It issaid thatThe KiteRunner hassold more than8million copiesthroughout theworld.The KiteRunner_____________________________________________morethan8million copiesthroughthe world.课效侧击单项选择I.
1.I doremember themeaning ofthe word,but Iforget itnow.A.telling B.having toldC.to betold D.having beentold
2.Much attentionmust thesedetails.A.pay B.be paidC.pay toD.be paidto
3.—You shouldtell Tomthat heto workfor NanchangTV Station.——I thinkso.Iwilltellhim whenI seehim thisevening.A.chooses B.has beenchosen C.chose D.ischosen
4.The woundedbythehospital.They are being wellcured.A.have beentaken inB.has beentaken inC.have takenin D.has takenin
5.——Can youtell mesomething aboutthe rulesto playthis game—Sure.If onequestion correctly,another questionto you.A.is answered,is answeredB.will beanswered,is answeredC.is answered,will beanswered D.answers,willbeanswered
6.Three-fourths ofthe homeworktoday.A.has finishedB.has beenfinished C.have finishedD.havebeenfinished
7.—I thoughtyou werebuilding aship,why notput itin thelake一Because it.Whats more,it needs.A.would notfinish,repaired B.hasnt beenfinished yet,repairingC.wont finishedyet,be repairingD.didnt finish,repaired
8.The cakevery delicious,Im expectingit.A.is looked,to betasted B.is looked,to tasteC.looks,tobetasted D.looks,to taste
9.The bookis sodifficult to,but whois to.A.be read,be blamedB.read,be blamedC.be read,blame D.read,blame
10.They founda strangecup inthe ancienttomb.It wassaid thecup adrink.A.used tohave B.was used to haveC.usedto having D.was usedtohaving
11.一Have youmoved into the newhouse一Not yet.The rooms.A.arebeingpainted B.are paintingC.are paintedD.arebeingpainting
12.一Can yousing thisEnglishsong一Of course,I can.It manytimes onthe radio.A.taught B.has taughtC.is taughtD.has beentaught
13.Nowadays manyteenagers feelthat they are oftentold whattheyarenotA.todo;interested B.todo,interested inC.do;interested D.doing;interested in
14.The studentscalled theteacher forhelpinthe lab,because theproblem bythemselves.A.couldnt besolved B.cant besolvedC.couldnt solveD.cant solve
15.Angle stillremembers theexcitement whenshe tohost anAmerican exchangestudent fromGouldAcademy.A.chooses B.has beenchosen C.chose D.was chosen用所给单词的正确形式填空IL
1.Those desksnotrepair untilyesterday.
2.Some newhousesbuild ina fewyears.
3.The farmersmakegiveup theirland bythe landlordintheold times.
4.Great changestakeplace since
1949.
5.The beautifulcard tomy eldersister,belong
6.A thiefnoticebreakinto thehouse yesterday.
7.—Theres toomuch saltintheChinese diet.一So thereis.The WHOsays only
1.5grams ofsalt foreach manevery day.need
8.一At presentE-mail Englishis moreand morepopular amongteenagers.—Yes.E-mail Englishto savetime,use
9.The cakesintherestauranttaste nice,so theysellwell.
10.一Look,what havethey done——Sorry.I thinkif Ianotherchance,ril doit better.give句型转换III.
1.Will Tomgive usany suggestionabout ourplans Please change thesentence intopassive voice
2.Sam alwayssends E-mail tohis girlfriend.Please changethesentenceintopassive voice
3.Jenny sawa handsomeman walkingintothemeeting room.Please changethesentenceintopassivevoice
4.Thestudentshave plantedthe appletree inthe gardenalready.Pleasechangethesentenceintopassivevoice
5.The peoplewill neverforget thetragic war.The wartragic will____________________________________________forever.
6.I cansee someold womenwith redhandkerchiefs intheir handsdancing happilyover there.Change thesentenceinto apassivevoice。