高考英语真题汇编 日常生活类短文阅读

日常生活类阅读江苏）（2012CMedical drugssometimes causemore damagethan theycure.One solutionto thisproblem is一一to putthe drugsinside acapsule,protecting themfrom the body and thebodyfrom them（弓|until theycan bereleased atjust theright spot.There arelots ofways totrigger发）this release,including changingtemperature,acidity,and soon.But triggerscan comewith一their ownrisks burns,for example.Now,researchers in California havedesigned whatcould近红夕卜线）（be aharmless triggerto date:shining near-infrared lightNIR,on the drug inthe capsule.，The ideaof usinglight toliberate thedrug in the capsuleisn tnew.Researchers around（聚合物）the globehave developedpolymers andother materialsthat begin to break down when紫夕卜线）（they absorb cither ultraviolet UV,or visible light.But tissuesalso readilyabsorbUV andvisiblelight,which meansthedrugrelease can be triggeredonly nearthe skin,wherethe lightcan reachthe capsule.NIR lightlargely passesthrough tissues,so researchershave（化合物）tried touse itas atrigger.But fewcompounds absorb NIR welland gothroughchemical changes.That changedlast yearwhen AdahAlmutairi,a chemistat theUniversity ofCalifornia,SanDiego,reported that she and her colleagueshad designeda polymerthat breaksdown whenit absorbsNIR light.Their polymerused acommercially availableNIR-absorbing groupcalled o-nitrobenzyl（）ONB.When theycatch thelight,ONB groupsfall off the polymer,leading toits breakdown.But ONBis onlya so-so NIRabsorber,and it could be poisonous to cells whenit separatesfromthe polymer.，So Almutairi andher colleagues reportedcreating anew materialfor capsulesthatsevenbetter.This oneconsists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked ina polymer.（易反应的）Cresol containsreactive componentsthat makeit highlyunstable inits polymericform,a featureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesuse totheir advantage.After polymerizingthecresols,they capeach reactivecomponent with a light-absorbing compoundcalled Bhc.When theBhcs absorbNIR light,the reactivegroups are exposed andbreak thelong polymerinto twoshortchains.Shining additionallight continuesthis breakdown,potentially releasingany drugsin，thecapsule.What smore,Almutairi says,Bhc is10times betterat absorbingNIR thanis ONBandis notpoisonous tocells.

63.According tothe passage,which ofthe followingcould be the besttriggerA.Temperature change.B.NIR light.C.Acidity change.D.UV light.

64.Why inONB unsatisfactoryA.It breaksdown whenit absorbsNIRlight.B.It fallsoffthe polymer andtriggers drugrelease.C.It hasnot comeonto themarket uptill now.D.It isnot effectiveenough andcould bepoisonous.

65.Which wordcan beused tocomplete thefollowing processof changesr—,4MOK.53-CW[Part ofthe cresolis PPolymerbreaks二o Drugis released.叫___________.dA.Protected B.formed C.exposed D.combined【考点】日常生活类一说明文【文章大意】本文围绕“怎样使用胶囊，让我们生病吃药更加安全、而且疗效好”这个主题展开研究，来展开话题的.【答案】63B【试题解析】细节理解题根据第一段“Now,what researchersinCaliforniahave designedcouldbe aharmless triggerto date:intheshining near-infrared lighton thedrug可知,应选项capsule.”B【难度】一般.【答案】64D【试题解析】推理判断题根据第三段中“…ONB groupsfall offthepolymer,leading toits和“…可知，应选项breakdown and itcouldbepoisonoustocells…”D【难度】较难.【答案】65C【试题解析】细节理解题根据最后一段中“When theBhcsabsorbNIRlight,the reactivegroups可知此处用即项正确areexposed…”exposed,C【难度】一般【长难句解析】（聚合物）

1.Researchers aroundthe globehave developedpolymers andother materialsthat紫外线）（begintobreakdownwhen theyabsorbcitherultravioletUV,or visiblelight.本句是（聚合物）的定语从句，引导的时间状语从句polymers andother materialswhen

2.Thisone consistsofalong chainof compoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedin（易反应的）a polymer.Cresol containsreactive componentsthat makeit highlyunstable initspolymeric form,a feature本句是动词过去分词做后置定语，修饰后面是（易called alongchainofcompounds.reactive反应的）的定语从句components）D（斧子）〃Franz Kafkawrote thatbook mustbethex forthe frozensea insideus.I once，shared thissentence witha classof seventhgraders,anditdidn tseem torequire anyexplanation.，We djust finishedJohn Steinbecks novelOf Miceand Men.When weread theend togetherout loud in class,my toughestboy,a starbasketball player,wept alittle,and sodid I.Are〃〃you crying”one girlasked,as shegot out of herchair totake acloser look.I am,I toldher,“andthefunny thingi Iveread itmany times.sBut theyunderstood.When Georgeshoots Lennie,the tragedy is that we realize it was alwaysgoing to happen.In my14years ofteaching ina NewYork Citypublic middleschool,Ive taughtkidswith imprisonedparents,abusive parents,irresponsible parents;kids whoare parentsthemselves;kids whoare homeless;kids whogrew upin violentneighborhoods.They understand,一（命运）.，more thanI everwill,the novels terriblelogic thegiving wayof dreamsto fateFor the last seven years,I haveworked asa readingenrichment teacher,reading classicworks of literaturewith smallgroups ofstudents fromgrades sixto eight.I originallyproposedthis ideato myheadmaster afterlearning that a formerexcellent studentof minehad transferred一一outofa selective high schoolone thatoften attractsthe literary-minded childrenof一Manhattans upperclasses intoa lesscompetitive setting.The daughterof immigrants,with〃a father in prison,she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates.I thoughtadditionalcultural capitalcould helpstudents likeher developbetter inhigh school,where theywouldunavoidably meet,perhaps forthe firsttime,students whocame fromhomes linedwith bookshelves,・whose parentshad earnedPh.D s.Along withOf Miceand Men,my groupsread:Sounder,The RedPony,Lord ofthe Flies,Romeo，and Julietand Macbeth.The studentsdidn talways readfrom theexpected pointof view.About〃〃The RedPony,one studentsaid,it sabout beinga man,it sabout manliness.I hadneverbefore seen the parallelsbetween Scarfaceand Macbeth,nor hadI heardLady Macbeths soliloquies（独白）（说唱），read asraps but both madesense;the interpretationswere playful,butserious.Once introducedto Steinbeckswriting,one boywent onto readThe Grapesof Wrathandtold merepeatedly howamazing it was thatall thesepeople hateeach other,and theyre〃all white.His historicalview wasbroadening,his senseof hisown countrydeepening.Yearafter yearformer studentsvisited andtold mehow preparedthey hadfelt intheir firstyearin collegeasaresult ofthe classes.Year afteryear,however,we areincreasing thenumber ofpractice tests.We aretrying to teach（碰撞）students toread increasinglycomplex texts,not foremotional punchbut fortext（充实）complexity.Yet,we cannotenrich theminds ofour studentsby testingthem ontextsthat ignoretheir hearts.We areteaching themthat wordsdo no.amaze butconfuse.We mavsucceedin raisingtest scores,but wewill failtoteachthat readingcanbetransformative andthatit belongsto them.

66.The underlinedwords inParagraph1probably meanthatabook helpstoA.realize ourdreams B.give supportto ourlifeC.smooth awaydifficulties D.awake ouremolionsOf Miceand MerR

67.Why werethe studentsable tounderstand the novel A.Because theyspentmuch timereading it.B.Because theyhad read thenovelbefore.C.Because theycame froma publicschool.,D.Because theyhad similarlife experiences.

68.The girlleft theselectivehigh school possiblybecause.A.she wasa literary-minded girlB.her parentswere immigrantsC.she couldntfit inwith herclass D.her fatherwas theninprison，

69.To theauthor ssurprise,the studentsread thenovels.A.creatively B.passively C.repeatedly D.carelessly

70.The authorwrites thepassage mainlyto.A.introduce classicworksof literatureB.advocate teachingliterature totouch theheartC.argue forequality amonghighschoolstudentsD.defend thecurrent testingsystem【考点】日常生活类一夹斜夹议【文章大意】本文主要介绍作者讲述在自己教学生涯中，在文学课上，如何教学生文学阅读的亲身体验，可以美化他们的心灵.【答案】66D【试题解析】句意理解题这句话运用了明喻和暗喻的修辞手法，“一本书就是能融化我们冰冻着的内心的一把斧子”，这是表面意思，即指一本书能够唤醒我们内心深处的情感，引起共鸣之意故选项D【难度】一般【答案】67D【试题解析】细节理解题根据第三段“But theyunderstood.When Georgeshoots Lennie,the可知，项正确tragedyis thatwe realizeitwas always going tohappen”D【难度】一般.【答案】68C【试题解析】细节理解题根据第四段“The daughterof immigrants,withafatherinprison,she可知项正确perhapsfeltuncomfortablewithhernewclassmates C【难度】一般.【答案】69A【试题解析】推理判断题根据第五段第四句I havenever beforeseentheparallels betweenScarfaceand Macbeth,nor hadI heardLady Macbethssoliloquiesread asraps,butbothmade可推断作者对孩子阅读小说的创造力sense;the interpretationswere playful,but serious.“感到惊讶，字里行间流露出自豪，故项正确A【难度】一般.【答案】70B【试题解析】主旨大意题纵观全文，主要介绍了作者讲述在自己教学生涯中，教学生文学阅读的亲身体验，故项正确B【难度】较难【长难句解析】

1.When wereadtheend togetheroutloudinclass,my toughestboy,a starbasketball player,wept alittle,and sodid I.引导的时间状语从句，后面是引导的句型，表示“…和前面的主语也一样When soJ

2.When Georgeshoots Lennie,the tragedyisthatwerealizeitwasalwaysgoingtohappen.本句是引导的时间状语，主句中是引导的表语从句，引导的宾语从句when thatrealize

3.Forthelastsevenyears,I haveworked asa readingenrichment teacher,reading classicworks本句of literaturewith smallgroups ofstudents fromgrades sixto eight.reading classicworks为的伴随状语ofliteraturewith smallgroups ofstudents fromgrades sixto eight.I。