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)新概念第四册课文新概念英语网权威发布新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记[Lesson
3435、36],更多新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson
34、
35、36]相关信息请访问新概念英语网【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程,以其全新的教学理念,好玩的课文内容和全面的技能训练,深受广袤英语学习者的欢送和宠爱为了便利同学们的学习,大范文网为大家整理了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记,盼望为大家的新概念英语学习供应帮助!Lesson34【课文】First listenand thenanswer thefollowing question.听录音,然后答复以下问题What doadolescents respectin parentsParents areoftenupset when their childrenpraise thehomes of their friendsand regardit asaslur on their owncooking,or cleaning,or furniture,and oftenare foolishenoughto letthe adolescentssee that they areannoyed.They mayevenaccuse themof disloyalty,or makesome spitefulremark aboutthe friendsparents.Such lossof dignityand descentinto childishbehaviour onthe partof the adultsdeeply shocksthe adolescents,and makethem resolvethat infuturethey willnot talkto their parents aboutthe placesor peopletheyvisit.Before verylong the parents will be complainingthat the child issosecretive andnever tellsthem anything,but theyseldom realizethat theyhavebrought thisonthemselves.Disillusionment withtheparents,however good球上所用能源要少得多月球居民在太空遨游的费用仅是地球上挚友飞越同样路所需费用的3%亚瑟.C.克拉克曾提议,一种创新的o想法要经过以下3个阶段1“根本不行能,不要奢侈我的时间〃2〃可能,但不值得做〃3我始终说这是个好想法〃假如有相当数量的人永久性地住在太空,折服火星的准备-一个比月球远160倍的星球--就可以明确地从第2阶段进入第3阶段火星对将来的星际旅客来说有着特殊的魅力美国、俄罗斯和欧洲都有许多热心此项事业的人--其中的不少是谨慎和资深的科学家,他们始终幻想着把人送上火星他们的目标是可以理解的火星是太阳系里与地球最接近的一颗行星这是一个红色沙漠的世界(因而得名红色行星),无云的天空,猛烈的沙暴,比大峡谷还宽的裂缝,至少有一座山有珠穆朗玛峰的近两倍高看起来,它很相宜居住Lesson36【课文】First listenand thenanswer thefollowing question.听录音,然后答复以下问题What isthe mostimportant factor,both ingovernmentor business,for keepingrunning costslow Ifa nationisessentially disunited,it isIe代to the government tohold ittogether.Thisincreases theexpense of government,and reducescorrespondingly theamountof economic resources thatcould beused fordeveloping thecountry.And itshould notbe forgottenhow smallthose resourcesare in apoor andbackward country.Where the cost of government ishigh,resources fordevelopment arecorrespondingly low.This maybe illustratedby comparingthe positionof a nation withthat ofaprivate businessenterprise.An enterprisehas toincur certaincosts andexpensesin orderto stay in business.For ourpurposes,we areconcernedonly withone kindof cost--the costof managingand administeringthebusiness.Such administrativeoverheads in a businessare analogous to thecostofgovernmentin anation.The administrativeoverheads ofa businessarelow to the extent that everyoneworking in the businesscan betrustedto behaveinaway thatbest promotesthe interests of thefirm.If theycaneach betrusted totake suchresponsibilities,and toexercise suchinitiativeas fallswithin theirsphere,then administrativeoverheads will be low.It willbelow becauseit willbe necessaryto haveonly oneman lookingafter eachjob,without havinganother manto checkupon whathe isdoing,keep himin line,and reporton himto someoneelse.But ifno onecan betrusted toactinaloyal and responsible mannertowards hisjob,then thebusiness willrequire armies ofadministrators,checkers,and foremenand administrativeoverheadswill risecorrespondingly.As administrativeoverheads rise,so theearningsof thebusiness aftermeeting heexpense ofadministration,will fall;and thebusiness will have lessmoney todistribute asdividends orinvestdirectly in its futureprogress anddevelopment.It isprecisely thesame withanation.To theextentthat the peoplecan berelied uponto behavein aloyalandresponsiblemanner,thegovernmentdoes notrequirearmiesofpolice andcivilservants to keep themin order.But ifanationis disunited,the governmentcannotbe surethattheactions of the peoplewillbein theinterests ofthenation;and itwillhaveto watch,check,and controlthe peopleaccordingly.A disunitednation thereforehas toincur undulyhigh costsofgovernment.RAYMOND FROSTThe BackwardSociety[New wordsand expressions生词和短语】hub n,(活动的)中心disunited adj.分裂的correspondingly adv.相应士也backward adj.落后的incur v.担当administer v.管理adminstrative adj.行政管理的analogous adj.类似的overheads n.一般费用initiative n.主动,踊跃性checker n.检查人员foreman n.监工dividend n.红利unduly adv.过度地【课文注释】
1.disunited adj.分裂的例句Moreover,whentheemployees aredisunited,unhappiness isbound tosetin.更何况大家都不团结时,不快乐事务频频You arewretched,disunited individuals.你们糟透了,分崩离析了disunite vt.使分别,使不和例句The issuedisunited theparty members.该问题在党员中造成分裂
2.correspondingly adv.相应地例句The languagecorrespondinglybecame stiffer.讲话的语言也相应地变得更加强硬
3.economicresources经济资源
4.backward adj.向后的,落后的例句He tooka backwardstep andran away.他向后退了一步,跑了This part ofthecountry isstill backward.这个国家的这个地区仍很落后【词义辨析】back,backward,hind,behind这些词均有“在后,向后”之意back:作为副词或形容词时,强调所修饰物的位置以及动作运动方向backward:可用于人或物,指向后的,落后的或迟钝的hind:指成对并且分前后的东西的“后面的〃behind:指一物同它物相对的位置或场所
5.stayinbusiness维持营业
6.be analogousto与...相像例句The humanheart isanalogoustoa pump.人的心脏和泵类似
7.initiative n.
①主动权,主动性彳列句In theeconomic trendofthenew era,having theinitiative isthe key.在新时期的经济大潮中,拥有主动权是关键Iput italldown toher hardwork andinitiative.我把这一切归因于她工作又勤奋又主动
②首创精神例句It isinnovation plusinitiative thathas keptit thriving.创新与进取精神使得它蓬勃开展adj.
①创始的例句The articlesofincorporation usuallyname theinitial directors.通常状况下,公司的组织章程应记载创始董事的姓名
②初步的例句The panelsinitialfindings havenow beenmade public.这个委员会的初步调查结果已经公布于众
③自发的例句She tookan initiativepart in the WildlifeConservationSociety.他们自发牵制住了敌人
8.as fallswithin theirsphere属于他们分内的
9.keep someoneinline限制住某人例句lts difficulttokeepa groupof youngchildreninline.让小孩都老诚恳实的可真不易.【反义词】out ofline例句Dont getout ofline atdinner oryou willbe punished.晚饭时给我诚恳点要不我就整理你.
10.keepthem inorder管理他们
11.in theinterests of符合的利益例句We workintheinterestsofthe people.我们是为人民群众的利益而工作
12.unduly adv.过度地,不适当地例句An eccentricperson,especially onewho isunduly zealous.异人怪异的人,尤指过分狂热的人【参考译文】假如一个国家事实上处于分裂状态,使之联合起来就是政府的事了这样的一来就增加了政府的开支,从而相应地削减了可以用来开展国家的那局部经济资源不应遗忘,在一个贫困落后的国家里,那局部财力是很有限的但凡政府管理费用高的地方,用于开展国家经济的资金就会相应地削减把国家的状况同私人企业的状况加以比拟,就可以看清这个问题一个企业为了接着经营,不得不支出必需的费用和开销就我们的目的而言,我们只关怀一种费用--企业行政管理费一家企业的行政管理开支类似于一个国家的政府管理所用的开支假如企业中的每个人都在真诚地为提高企业利润而工作,那么企业的管理费用就会降低到相应的程度假如企业的每个人都信得过,人人都谨慎负责,在各自的工作范围内发挥主动性,行政管理费用就会降低行政管理费用降低的缘由是每项工作只须要一个人去完成,用不着另外再有一个人检查工作督促他遵守章程,或向有关人士汇报他的工作但是,假如企业中谁也不行信任会对工作尽忠守职,那么企业就会须要大批的管理人员、检查人员和带班人员,管理费用就会相应地增加管理费用增加了,那么在扣除管理费用后,企业的收入就降低了因此用于分红的金额或干脆用于将来开拓和开展的投资就相应地削减了一个国家的状况也完全一样假如人民忠于职守,举止规则,能受到政府的信任,那么政府就不须要大批的警察和文职人员去促使人民遵纪遵遵守法律律但是,假如一个国家处于分裂状态,政府不能坚信人民的行动有利于国家,那么政府就不得不对人民进展监视、检查和限制因此,一个处于分裂的国家必须要支付过高的行政管理费用and adequatethey maybe bothas parentsand asindividuals,is tosomedegree inevitable.Most childrenhave sucha highideal oftheirparents,unless theparents themselveshave beenunsatisfactory,that itcan hardlyhopeto stand up toa realisticevaluation.Parents wouldbe greatlysurprisedand deeplytouched if they realizedhow muchbelief theirchildrenusually havein theircharacter andinfallibility,and howmuch thisfaithmeans toa child.If parentswere preparedfor thisadolescent reaction,andrealized thatit was a signthatthechild wasgrowing upand developingvaluablepowers ofobservation andindependent judgment,they would notbe sohurt,and thereforewouldnotdrive thechild intoopposition byresentingand resistingit.The adolescent,with hispassion forsincerity,always respectsa parentwho admitsthat he is wrong,or ignorant,or eventhathe hasbeen unfairor unjust.What thechild cannotforgive istheparentHs refusalto admitthese chargesifthechild knowsthem tobe true.Victorian parentsbelieved thatthey kepttheir dignityby retreatingbehindan unreasoningauthoritarian attitude;in factthey didnothing ofthe kind,but childrenwere thentoo cowedto letthem knowhow theyreally felt.Today wetend togo to the otherextreme,but onthe wholethis isahealthier attitudeboth forthechildand theparent.It isalways wiserandsafer toface up to reality,however painfulit maybe atthe moment.DOTIDOFLUM JourneyThrough Adolescence[New wordsandexpressions生词和短语】adverse adj.不利的adolescencen.青春期slur n,抵毁adolescent n.青少年(12-18岁)disloyalty n,不忠实spiteful adj.恶意的,怀恨的dignity n.端庄,珍贵,尊严disillusionment n.幻灭感evaluation n.评价infallibility n.一贯正确resent v.怨恨sincerity n.真诚Victorian adj.维多利亚式的retreat v.后退unreasoning adj.不凭理智的authoritarian adj.专制的cow v.恐吓【课文注释】l.slurn.诽谤,耻辱,污点,污迹例句He tookthe remarksasaslur on his reputation,他才巴这些话当作是对他的名誉的中伤She haddared tocast aslur onhischaracter.她竟敢对他的人品加以诋毁
2.spiteful adj.恶意的,怀恨的例句Walters spitefulremarks werequite uncalledfor.沃尔特恶意的话完全是多余的He hadbeen aspiteful sortofman.他是一个擅长怀恨的男人
3.descent n.
①下降,下坡例句There wasa descent of temperatureafter rain.雨后气温下降了
②家世,血统例句He traceshis descentbackto anold normanfamily.他追踪自己的世系上溯至一个古老的诺曼家族
4.onthepartof在一边例句Contentment,onhispart,took novulgar form.就他而言,满足从来没有以庸俗的方式表现出来
5.resolve v.
①确定例句He resolvedthat nothingshouldhold himback.他下决心不让任何事情阻挡他
②解决例句Intensive effortsarebeing madeto resolve the dispute.现正全力以赴来解决这场纠纷
③分解例句We canresolvetheproblem intomore elementaryitems.我们能够把这个问题分解成更根本的细目【词义辨析】decide,determine,resolve,settle这些动词都含确定之意decide:侧重指经过思索、比拟、探讨或询问之后做出的确定determine:指经过深思熟虑,决心去做某事并坚持施行resolve:语气较强,强调以坚决不移的信念去做或不做某事,暗含有远大志向和坚毅决心settle:指解除迟疑、疑心和争论之后作出明确的最终结论resolution,decision,determination,resolve这些名词均含“确定、决心〃之意resolution:指自觉地正式表示的决心,含极强的主观能动意味,比方new yearsresolution decision:既o可指重大的或一般的确定或决心,又可指在多种状况下作出坚决的选择,毫不犹豫地接受行动determination:侧重坚决不移的顽固意志力resolve:语气较强,强调克制感情上的软弱,下决心干具体的一件事solve,resolve这两个动词均含“解决〃之意solve:平凡用词,含义广,指为有必需难度的问题找到满足的解法或答复resolve:主要指对问题或状况进展微小的分析或思索,以得出结论或解决途径
6.they havebrought thisonthemselves他们是咎由自取
7.stand upto经得起例句:That iswhy theycannotstandupto anyserious test.这就是为什么他们经受不住任何紧要的考验Will thiscar standuptowinterconditions here这汽车经得起这儿冬天的气候条件吗?
8.retreat v.撤退,后退例句After severalreverses theenemy wasforcedto retreat.几经失败之后,敌军被迫后撤
9.cow vt.恫吓,恐吓例句The generalstried tocow oppositionto theirmilitary rulebyimprisoning theirleaders.这些将军通过监禁领导人来威吓反对军事统治的人lO.face upto正视例句:He mustface uptothefact thathe isno longeryoung,他应当勇於正视自己不再年轻这一事实【参考译文】当家长听到孩子赞扬自己挚友的家时,总感到担忧,认为孩子在嫌弃自家的饭菜、卫生、或家具,而且愚蠢地让孩子看出自己的苦恼他们甚至指责孩子不忠,或者讲些小挚友家长的坏话家长这种有失身份和孩子气的作法使青春期的孩子大为震惊,决心以后不再向父母讲解并描述去过的地方和见过的人不要很久,家长就会埋怨孩子守口如瓶,什么事也不告知他们,殊不知这是他们自找的不管家长的人品有多么好,作为父母有多么合格,孩子们对家长幻想的破灭在某种程度上是不行幸免的除非父母自身不能令人满足,大多数孩子对父母估价过高,以致这种估价很难希望经受住现实的考验假如家长意识到孩子们通常是多么坚信家长的品德和确定正确,意识到孩子们的这种信念会对孩子产生多么大的影响,那么家长会大为惊异和深受感动的假如家长对青少年的这种反响有思想准备,并且意识到这象征着孩子们正在成熟和正在开展宝贵的视察力、独立判定力,那么他们就不会那样难受,也就不会由于怨恨和抵触这种反响,而把孩子推到自己的对立面去青少年酷爱真诚,对于能够成认错误或无知、甚至成认自己做得不公允或不公正的父母,他们总是敬重的,孩子们所不能宽恕的是父母错了,孩子们也看出来了,可是做父母的还不愿成认维多利亚时代的父母认为,他们可以靠无理的权威气派来维护自己的尊严,事实上那是根本不行的孩子们只不过被吓得不敢让父母知道自己的想法罢了虽然此时此刻我们倾向于走向另一个极端,但总地来看,孩子和家长双方看法都比拟端正遇事接受面对现实的看法总是比拟明智和稳妥的,尽管会有短暂的苦痛Lesson35【课文】First listenand thenanswer thefollowingquestion.听录音,然后答复以下问题When willit bepossible forus tothinkseriously aboutcolonising MarsThe Moonis likelyto becometheindustrial hubofthe Solar System,supplying therocket fuelsfor itsships,easily obtainableform thelunar rocksinthefrom ofliquid oxygen.Thereason liesinitsgravity.Because the Moon hasonly aneightieth oftheEarthMs mass,it requires97per centless energyto travelthe quarterof amillionmiles from the Moonto Earth-orbit thanthe200mile-journey fromEarthnssurface intoorbit!This maysound fantastic,but itis easilycalculated.To escapefromthe Earth ina rocket,one musttravel atsevenmiles persecond.The comparablespeed fromthe Moonis only
1.5milesper second.Because thegravity onthe MoonMssurface isonly asixth ofEarthMsremember howeasily the Apollo astronautsbounded along,ittakes muchless energyto accelerateto that
1.5miles persecond thanitdoes onEarth.Moon-dwellers willbe able to fly in spaceat onlythree percent ofthe costof similar journeys by their terrestrial dwellerswillbeabletoflyin space atonlythree percentofthecostofsimilarjourneysbytheirterrestrialcousins.Arthur C.Clark oncesuggested arevolutionary ideapasses throughthreephases:1,,lt,,s impossible--donMt wastemytime.112,,lt,,s possible,but notworth doing.3I saidit wasa goodideaall along.H Theidea of colonising Mars--a world160times moredistant timethe Moon--will movedecisively fromthesecond phasetothethird,when asignificant numberof peopleare livingpermanentlyinspace.Mars hasan extraordinaryfascination forwould-bevoyagers.America,Russia andEurope arefilled withenthusiasts--many ofthemserious andsenior scientists--who dreamof sendingpeople toit.Their aimis understandable.It isthe oneworld intheSolarSystem thatismost liketheEarth.It isa worldof redsandy desertshence itsname--theRed Planet,cloudless skies,savage sandstorms,chasms widerthan theGrandCanyon andat leastone mountainmore thantwice astall asEverest.It seemsideal forsettlement.7DAYS,February19,11019[New wordsandexpressions生词和短语】hub n.活动的中心lunar adj.月球的oxygen n.氧气Apollo n.阿波罗accelerate v.力口速terrestrial adj.地球的permanently adv.恒久地fascination n.魅力senior adj.资格深的,年长的chasm n.断层,裂口canyon n.峡谷【课文注释】
1.obtainable adj.能获得的,可得到的,能到达的例句Are hisrecords stillobtainable他的?唱片还能买到吗The timetableis obtainablepost-free fromthe airlineoffice.航班时亥U表可以向航空公司免费索取
2.the comparablespeed fromtheMoon从月球启程相应的速度,这里是指摆脱月球引力所需到达的速度
3.theApolloastronauts指1969年7月20日美国“阿波罗11号〃宇宙飞船第一次载人登月球
4.accelerate v.加速例句Ourpresent taskis toaccelerate economicgrowth.力口速经济开展是我们当前的任务We willaccelerate thereform ofthe financialsystem underthesecircumstances.在这一背景状况下,我们将加快金融体制改革【词义辨析】quicken,accelerate,hasten,hurry,rush,speed这些动词均含“加快,使加快”之意quicken:平凡用词,指增加速度、速率accelerate:着重指频率或速率运转加快hasten:指由于事的紧迫性或突然性而加速hurry:指赶快或匆忙地做某事或督促别人做某事,隐含草率或混乱意味rush:含义与hurry相近,但显得更仓促更慌乱speed:侧重实际的快速行动,常用词组是speed up
5.at thecostof以为代价例句He savedthe girlfrom drowningat thecostof hisown life.他舍身把溺水的姑娘救出来
6.revolutionary adj.革命的例句His heartglows withrevolutionaryenthusiasm.他心中充溢着革命的热忱Weshall carryforward therevolutionary tradition.我彳门应当发扬革命传统
7.the ideaofcolonisingMars折服火星准备
8.decisively adv.决然地,坚决地例句We hadno choicebut to act decisively.这次不坚决处理不行
9.would-be voyagers将来的星际旅客
10.senior scientists资深科学家senior adj.
①地位较高的例句He is senior tome,though heis younger.他地位比我高,虽然他比我年轻
②高级的例句She wasunfitfor sucha seniorposition.她不能胜任这样的高级职位
③年长的例句Although heisseniorto hiswife,heisinferior toher insalary.虽然他年长于他的妻子,但他妻子的收入比他高
④资深的例句A seniormember ofthe committeeis authorizedtoactforthe chairmanduring hisabsence.主席不在时,授权委员会中的一位资深委员代理他的职务ll.the GrandCanyon指位于美国亚利桑那州西北部的科罗拉多河的大峡谷【参考译文】月球很可能成为太阳系的工业中心从月球上的岩石中很简洁提炼出液态氧,作为航天飞船的燃料其缘由在于月球的重力因为月球的重只有地球的1/8,因此,从月球到地球的25万英里所消耗的能量要比从地球外表进入地球轨道的200英里所耗能量少97%这点听起来令人难以置信,但却很简洁计算O出来要乘坐一枚火箭飞离地球,火箭的速度要到达每秒7英里,而从月球启程的相应速度是每秒
1.5英里由于月球外表的重力仅是地球外表的1/6-还记得阿波罗飞船中的宇航员轻松地跳动-在月球上加速到每秒
1.5英里比在地。