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年中考英语一篇吃透初中英语“定语从句”全力2024冲刺01概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句02定语从句“三要素”.先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词1
①指人的先行词
②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情在定语从句中做时间状语,先行词为表示时间的等lWhen time,dayI stillremember the day whenI firstcame toBeijing.when=on which在定语从句中做地点状语,先行词为表地点的等2Where place,spotCan youtell methe officewhere heworkswhere=in which⑶在定语从句中做原因状语,先行词只有Why reason.I dontwant tolisten toany reasonwhy youwere absent,why=forwhich★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词★引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如情Where case形,位置,阶段,地步等situation,position stagepointWhat arethe situationswhere bodylanguage is the onlyform ofcommunication在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式此时where=in which.几个特殊的先行词6在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式/不填lway that/in which不填The wayin which/that/he explainsthe sentenceto usis quitesimple.比较不填The waywhich/that/he toldto uswas quitesimple.★在定语中作的宾语way tell先行词2time表示〃次数〃时,用关系代词引导定语从句time thatThis is the first timethat thepresident hasvisited thecountry.作“一段时间”讲时,应用关系副词time whenThiswas thetime whenthere wereno radios,no telephonesor noTV sets★此时在,期间when=during which・⑶先行词当在定语从句中作状语时,定语从句的种引导方式reason4不填why/for which/that/不填This is the reasonwhy/for which/that/he cannot comehere.比较不填Is this the reasonthat/which/he explainedto usfor his absencefrom theconference.★在定语从句中做的宾语reason explain.介词+关系代词7★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which指物介词指人+whom★该结构介词的选用原则根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配1This isthe bookon whichI spent$
8.This isthe bookfor whichI paid$
8.根据先行词的搭配习惯2I rememberthe daysduring whichI livedthere.I rememberthedayon whichI graduatedfrom university.⑶根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定The colorlessgas withoutwhich we cant liveis calledoxygen.英语中为了强调某一名词,不定式前面也可以加上关系代词4Here isthe moneywith whichto buythe piano.She isthe rightperson onwhom todepend注意
①如果介词后移,关系代词可以省略The personwhom/who/that youwill writeto isTodd.
②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如look for/after;take careof;等send for;hear from/of/about dealwithThis isthe babythat youwill lookafter..定语从句的主谓一致8⑴当先行词是复数名词,定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式one of+The Great Wall isone of the world-famous buildingsthat drawlots ofvisitorevery year.⑵当先行词是+复数名词,从句谓语用单数形式the only+one ofTheGreatWallisthe only oneofthebuildings onthe earththat isseenfrom themoon.⑶先行词如果是整个句子,定语从句的谓语动词用单数Great changeshave takenplace inChina,as isknown toall.He haspassed thedriving test,which surprisesall of us..定语从句的转化9定语从句可以转换为或形式-ing-edThe girlwho isdancing nowjust returnedfrom Taiwan.I lovethe storieswhich werewritten byHemingway.The manwho standsstanding thereis myfriend.定语从句的解题方法
10.⑴判断从句是否为定语从句(先行词,关系词,定语从句)()准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从2而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词注意
①关系代词的用法在定语从句中做定语whose Whose当先行词是人名词+whose=the+of whom当先行词是物名词+whose=the+of whichDoyou knowthe boywhose parents/the parentsof whomare onholidayIdlike aroom whosewindow/the windowof whichfaces thesea.引导定语从句,名词性从句和强调句型的区别:
②That定语从句中的关系代词,在后面的定语从句中做句子成分that:名词性从句中的从属连词,只起连接主从句的作用,在从句中that不做句子成分强调句中的运用于结构;判断标准去掉强调句型that,it is/was...that..结构,成分仍然完整比较This isthe book that Iam lookingfor.(引导定语从句)thatIt is at Bashumiddle schoolthat I have studiedfor threeyears.(和前面的构成强调句型)that itisThe factthat hestole themoney surprisedall ofus.(引导名词性从句--同位语从句)thatThat hewill cometo theconference hasexcited all ofus.(引导名词性从句--主语从句)thatWe allexpect that they win,for membersof theirteam arestronger.(引导名词性从句--宾语从句)thatThe reasonfor yourfailure isthat youlack confidencein yourself.(引导名词性从句-表语从句)that替代前面He haspassed thedriving test,which surprisesallofus.which所叙述的事情先行词.关系词引导定语的词2关系词的作用1
①替代前面的先行词替代作用
②连接主句和定语从句连接作用
③在定语从句中作句子成分成分作用关系词的分类2
①标准根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
②关系代词在从句中做主,宾,表,定that/which/who/whom/whose/as
③关系副词在从句中作状语When/where/why.定语从句用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子303定语从句的分类.限制性定语从句对先行词起限定修饰作用1He is a teacherwho worksat ourschool..非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用先行词与定语从句2之间有逗号隔开Beijing,which isthe capitalof China,isabeautiful citywith along history.比较He has two sons,who workin the same company.He hasonly two sons.He hastwosonswho workin the same company.Perhaps hehastwomore sons04定语从句难点.关系代词的省略限定性定语从句1⑴关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略She isthe girlwhom/that Iloved before.whom/that关系代词在定语从句中作表语2可以省略He isno longerthe boythat heused to be.that⑶关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing priceisaproblem that/which peopleare interestedin.比较:(止匕Housing priceisaproblem inwhich peopleare interested.时只能用且不能省略)which(.先行词是人的区别)2that/who⑴用的情况that
①以疑问词开头的句子中whoWho isthe manthat isshouting there
②关系代词在从句中作表语时She isnot thegirl that she usedtobe.
③先行词被修饰the very,the right,the onlyThis isthe very personthat weare lookingfor.()用的情况2who
①先行词是等one,ones,anybody,all,none,thoseThose whowant togo tothe cinemawill haveto waitatthe gate oftheschool.
②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了另外一个用that,whoWho isthe boythat wonthe goldmedal
③在结构中there beThereare manyyoung menwho areagainst him.
④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom,who ismy bestfriend,has goneabroad tostudy..先行词是物的区别3that/which用的情况1which
①在非限定性定语从句中She lostthe game,which depressedher greatly.
②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The penwith whichyou writeis Jacks.
③先行词是或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用另一个that that,用which.Let meshow youthe novelthat Iborrowed fromthe librarywhich isnewlyopen tous.用的情况2that
①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,等none,no oneShedid allthatshecould tohelp us.
②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,hevery,the right,等所修饰时the lastThis isthevery bookthat Iwant.
③先行词中既有人又有物时She describedin hercompositions thepeople andhe placesthatimpressed hermost.
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This isthe bestbookthatIhaveever read.Thisisthefirstfilm thatIve seensince Icame here.
⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用另外一个用Which,thatHe builta factorywhich producedthings thathad neverbeen seenbefore.
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词另一个用which,thatWho isthe personthat isstanding atthegate引导定语从句用法
4.as既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,lAs宾语,表语等常用于以下句型当中像,.…一样和同Such/so..…as....the same....as...样的A computeris souseful amachine aswecanuse everyday.He isnot the same manas hewas.()引导非限制性定语从句,此时译为“正如,像〃等可以放在句2首,句中或句末As Iremember,there werea netbar here.Taiwan isan inseparablepart ofChina,as isknown toall.★.和…引导定语从句的区别the sameas..thesamethat(同——事物)Thisisthesamebike thatI lostyesterday.(同类事物)Thisisthesamebike asI lostyesterday..关系副词用5。