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2024年中考英语考前速记清单68条语法要点中考英语考前速记清单(英语老师最后叮嘱的条语法要点)68建议
1.(建议,忠告不可数);advice建议(可数)suggestion()useful adviceyou gaveme!Whatvaluable suggestionyou haveoffered me!()What a
2.room/space/place:〃房间〃(可数);空间〃(不可数)roomCould youmake someroom for me你能为我让一下空间吗?太空;空间〃(不可数)在宇宙太空space inspaceIs thereany spacefor mein thecar车里有给我留的空间吗?(此处和的含义相当)〃地room place方〃(可数),指某一具体地点接地点副词时,不带to.get there/home/here.大地点如小地点©arrive in+Beijing/Zhengzhou,arrive at+如school/hospital只作不及物动词,所以也可单独用arrivePlease ringme upwhen youarrive.
③只作及物动词,后直接加地点reach reachBeijing/England但常不说reach home/there/here.
21.talk,tell,say speak:f
①只作不及物动词talkzDon ttalk inclass.Shall wetalk aboutour EnglishstudyHe istalking with his teacher.May Italk toyou注意接人和接物时介词搭配不同talk talkwith/tosb;talk aboutsth
②只作及物动词,〃告诉讲〃常接双宾结构常tell tell sb sth.,用短语有:tell alie;tell thetruth;tell thedifference betweentell sbastory;tell ajoke
③(必须接有内容,或逻辑上有内容作宾语所接内容见以下say划线部分)Please sayit inEnglish.How doyou saythat inEnglishPlease showme whatto say..Do you have anythingto sayImust saysorry toyou.说话不及物动词©speak•接人时先加介词•to.May Ispeak toMr.Smith也可译为“说〃,作及物动词,后接语言•Do youspeak English/Chinese与区别:
22.win beat都有赢〃的意思后加物win而后加的是人,也可译为〃打败〃beatzI mafraid theywill beatus.
23.leave;forget
①可指离开〃leaveleave Zhengzhoufor Wuhan离开郑州到武汉
②留下;忘记leaveI leftmy bookat home.后接地点,而后无地点如leave forgetSorry,I forgotthe money.与
24.take,bring,fetch carry:都译为“拿拿走,从说话人处带到另一处♦take Could you takethe rubbishoutwhen youleave带来,从另一处带到说话人处1♦bring Don t forget to bringyourhomework heretomorrow.去拿来〃,先到另一地拿东西,然后再返回到说话人处♦get如:When yougo backto the classroom,please getme mypen.拿、搬、扛〃,没有特定方向♦carry Timis carryinga box.
25.receive;accept指收到,但不一定接受;指接受,收下receive acceptzIa giftfrom oneof myfriends,but I don t()want toit.receive;accept短语
26.put(穿上)put on(推迟)put off(把…整理好)put away(举起,搭起,挂起,张贴)put up(放下)put down(扑灭);put out短语
27.turn打开turn on关闭turn off调大turn up关小turn down结果是turn out向某人求助turn tosb短语
28.give赠送give away发放give out放弃give up归还give back屈服,让步give in短语
29.take脱下,起飞take off拿走take away拿出take out吸收take in从事take up短语
30.look查找仔细查看照看look uplook overlook after当心look out浏览look through短语
31.used过去常常做某事used to do sth习惯于做某事be used to doing sth被用来做某事be usedto do sth=be usedfor doingsth用法
32.keep,make,get,have让…一直做...”©keep+sb/sth doingsthr msorry forkeeping youwaiting solong.)(区别坚持做某事,一直做某事〃keep+doingsth
②让…做某事(接动原)make+sb/sth do sthr IItry tomake youunderstand whatI mean.若用于被动语态,原有后接动词原形要改为带不定式(本make to文源自锦鲤英语微信公众号)I madehim wait for long.—He wasmade towaitforlong.
③让…做某事get+sb/sth to do sth.He gotPeter to buy him a pen.
④宾语+动词原形过去分词have+/ing/Have him do it,please.让他做它吧(和逻辑上形成主谓关系,用原形)himdodWe hadthe machineworking.我们让机器一直工作着(让某物一直在进行着某事)We hadthe machinerepaired.我们让人修理了那台机器(让机器被修理了,表被动)
⑤也都可接形容词keep safe/busy,keep thedoor closed/open,make ushappy,get thedoor closed,have everythingready.一段时间
33.in/after+一段时间,用于将来时,用提问in how soon一段时间,用于过去时after+区别
34.through/past/across都可作介词,”穿过〃,前常有位移动词(以下黑体部分)He climbedthrough thewindow andsaw whathe couldtakeaway.(从内部穿过)He wentpast mewithout sayingany words.(从旁边经过)He swam across theriver.)(从表面经过【内部;旁边;表面】位移through,past,across,动词+相当于动词位移动词+相当于动词past pass;across cross.+时间过去某时间(点)一段时
35.since/for since+for+间(段),常用于完成时,强调动作的延续性,用how long提问在物体外部的前
36.in front of/in thefront ofinfront of面;在物体内部的前面in thefrontof()乘交通工具之表达:
①
37.by bike/car/sea ship/air()(前无冠词,且不用复数)
②plane ona horseback/his bike(有冠词或限定词)
③(/the plane/a shipin his/a carcar
④前用)
⑤动词短语in on foot ridea bike/a horse;drive等a car;walk;take aplane/taxi/bus;fly.常见带介词的短语…(与相比较更喜欢);38to prefer…t look…(期待;渴望);(注意);forward topay attentionto...be\…(习惯于);…(致力于)get usedto devote…t put one把某人的精力投身到s effortinto…make对做出贡献(以上短语可接名词great contributionto或代词,若接动词,需用形式)…(…的钥)ing thekey tgt,(…的答案);(.…的答复);the answerto---reply tlead(引起…);(■一的线索);to・・•the clueto thewitness to()---的证人连词如果(引导条件状语从句,主句用将来时,
39.if/whetherif从句用一般现在时)/是否(引导宾语从句,根据时间确定时态)Do youknow ifhe willgo to the postoffice Ifhe goesthere,I willask himtobuyme some两个前者“是否;后者“如果”,观察其后时stamps.if,)态的不同”是否”引导宾语从句(相当于whether if,whether可接也可接带不定式而则不可另外,从句ornot,to ifif中用常不用any,someo
40.how long/how often/how soon/how far:ihow
②是对长度或时间段提问是对频率提问,long howoften如:never,sometimes,often,usually,always,once aweektwice aday threetimes ayear every day/everyf ff等若只有次数,则用提问four yearshow manytimes Howmanytimes doyou watchTV a是对时间段”week-Twice./only once.]@howsoon“in+
④提问是对以下三种表达法的提问一how farHow faris it有以下三from yourhome to the school答,▲—It sfive minuteswalk/an hours ride/,thirteen minutesbus ride.A——It sabout20s15).(注意答时不再用而用rkilometers awayfar,away A—Itminutes bybus/onfoot/by train/by bike..主谓一致:(单数谓语)41◊One/Neither of you isright.(主语是单数谓语)oTom,withhisfriends,has gone.TomfcThis pairof shoeslooks beautiful,would you like totry)(主语是谓语用单数,但代词用复数them onpair,Every boy)(此结构中用单数谓语and everygirl has a chanceto doit.
④(主语是用复数)而^We eachhave acar.we,4of ushas a(主语是单数谓语)car.each,◊The oldneed tobe looked(加形容词表after carefully.The youngare energetic.the一类人或物,谓语用复数)◊Mr.and Mrs.Green arefrom.指格林夫America妇(复数谓语)本文源自锦鲤英语微信公众号心teacher指教师兼作家,一个人,单数and writeris anable man.I wantto livein aplace which is warmin winter.我想住在冬季温暖的一个地方()It isa wonderfulplace togo to.
3.news/information/message(新闻,消息不可数);信息(不可数);news information(音信,口信可数)message CanI takea messagefor youMayI leavea message
4.job/work可数:job,I havea jobasa teacher.不可数work,I cannot find workin thistown.声音
5.voice/noise/sound指人的声音或嗓音;voice胃语i0Both youand Iare excitedabout thenews.(…做主语,谓语用复数)both.….and Notonly youbut(also Iamastudent,not only--but also---;f;有就近原则)neither--nor--either---or---;there be◊Ten(时间.金钱以及表度years has passed sincehe camehere.量衡的词做主语表单数)用法常有以下结构(可能有)
42.there be•there maybe/(一定有)(曾经有)在不同must be/usedtobe“here be时态中的形式There is/a re/wa s/we re/w i11be/isare后going tobe/havehasbeen etherebeo接的是表示泛指的名词,单数名词前用不定冠词There isa dogunderthe desk.•There is only astudent takingnotes划线部分逻辑上是主谓关系,动词加常见后接动词now.ing
43.原形的词或短语:使役动词let makehave情态动词()助动词()can maymust...do doesdid whynot【注意否定形had betterwould ratherwould youplease式had better/would rather/would youplease直接加动原】not+.常见后接动词的词或短语44ingfinish enjoypractice imaginesuggestspendconsidermiss(错过)(禁不keep/mind feellike prefer…to…can thelp住)(值得)be busybe worthgive uphavefun havea goodtime havetrouble inhave problemsinhavedifficulty in/+doing地点”已去了…还未7gone to+-I cantfindthose“
①
45.have gone to/have beento/have been in:havechildren,where arethey-They havegoneto the farm.去了农场,不在这儿
②地点”去过…原来have beento+toQingdao threetimes.I havenever beenthere before.你去哪儿了?后省略Where haveyou beenWhere
③地点,”已在…多久了”句尾常接t havebeen in+for时间段,或过去时间点+since+Peter hasbeeninChina foralong time.去过,现在已”句尾常接次数或地点She hasbeen形+与的区别
①
46.be+of sbfor sbIts kindofyou to你帮助我真好解释help me.:kind,nice,good,clever,等词表示的是人的特点或性格此句相当于在说foolish,lazy形容词在描述人而不是事,此情况下You arekind tohelp me.
②介词用的是对你来说of.It seasy for you to do thework.做这事是容易的解释easy,difficult,necessary,important,等词不是说人,而是说事,相当于dangerous,interesting To此情况下介词用的是又如do thework iseasy for.It so,是说“爬山”这dangerous forus toclimb themountain件事是危险的故用for..条件与祈使有时条件句可以与祈使句相互转换注意以下句47
①子结构有何不同If youwork hardyou willachievef含条件句,相当于:your dream.Work hard,and you will
②含祈使句,用连接后一句子achieve yourdream.and Iff相you dont listencarefully,you won t understand it.当于:.Listen to me carefully,oryouwon tunderstand it用(否则谁接后一句子or Youwontunderstanditunlessyou listentomecarefully..动词的常用句型+从句48seem@It seemsthat It seems
③好像・・・He seemsverysad.sb.seem to do sth.Heseems tofeel verysad..要某人做某事的常用句型叫…做某事;49ask sb.to doask.叫…不要做某事告诉…做某sb.not to do sthtell sb.to do事;告诉…不要做某事如:tellsb.not to do sth.The teacher」asked me to clean the classroomwas askedto cleantheclassroom bythe teacher.Dontcleanthe(改为间接引语)classroom.The teachersaid.The teachertoldme notto cleantheclassroom.
①.表达“更喜欢……”的常用句型更喜欢某50prefer sth.
②事我更喜欢英语同…I preferEnglish.prefer A to B.
③相比更喜欢A•I preferdogs tocats.prefer doingAto宁愿做而不愿干
④同相doing B.A Blike Abetter thanB,B
⑤比更喜欢同相比更A prefertodo A ratherthan doB.B
⑥喜欢同相比更喜欢A.would ratherdoAthan doB.B A..“该到某人做某事的时间了句型
①51It stimeforsbtodo
②③7sth It s timefor+n/doing•It sone sturn todosth.〃自从已多久”的句型
①+时间段+过It ssince+去时态的从句.
②时间段+过去时态的从It hasbeen+since+句.
③时间段+过去时态的从句haspassed since+.It sthreemonths sincehe lefthis hometown.=He lefthishometown threemonths ago.=Three monthshas〃
58.what
①②What swrong with sb\sthWhat sthe matter
③with sb\sthWhat sthe troublewith sth\sb@There issomething wrongwith sb\sth.=Something isfwrongwithsb/sth.=sth isbroken.=sth doesnt work.“对事物看法如何”的句型
①
59.What doyou thinkof
②sb\sthHow doyoulikesb\sth=How doyou find〃问天气如何〃的句型
①What sthe weatherlikesb\sthtoday@How isthe weather.对某人的评价61What ssb like---He/She isfriendly.(人品或外貌)and helpfulWhat doessb look()外表长相like---He/She istall andslim.询问职业询问身
62.What issb---He/She isateacher.体:How issb---He/She iswelL(形式宾语)+简单句
63.“find/think+it adjtodosth.(句为g I find itdifficult forme to learn English well.it形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式tolearnEnglish well,difficult是形容词作宾补)=Ifindit isdifficult formetolearn(宾语从句形式一复合句)+过去分词Englishwell.64■is从句,“据+that...It issaid that+说.......“,相当于从句,“据They isbelieved that信.据报道It isreported thatthe bookwill comeout soon—否定前移等后接从句时,从句中的
65.think/believe/expect否定要前移到主句中来I dont thinkyouareright,are you(主句主语是第一人称,反意疑问句根据从句来变)Idontbelieve hewill cometoday,will he.和用法宾语+宾语补足语(代
66.find thinkfind/think+替宾从)宾补有以下情况
①名词短语John found himaclever
②③形容词短语有时宾补boy.Mrs.Smith thinksher kind.后可接带不定式后也to Ifound ithard tofool thegirl.find有形式作宾语补足语v-ing Ifoundhimreading abook justnow.计量表达法数量+单位+形容词
67.The streetis twokilometerslong.That boycan jumpfour metersaway.(此处不用)far Thefish isfive kilosheavy.The streetisforty meterswide.This babyisonlysix months若计量表达的后面跟有名词,则要用连字符,单位不用复数Old.They dugan eight-meter-deep hole.I boughta10-kilo-heavy fish.Itsa pieceoff2-meter-thick ice.They builta50-meter-wide street.Its(最后a two-month holiday.She isa three-child mother.两句计量中省略了形容词),定语从句中关系词的选择当先行词指人时常用或
68.who当先行词是物时,常用或但当先行词前有最that;which that高级、序数词、等词修饰时只用the onlythat以上是重点记忆的语法重点需要进行相关练习指难听刺耳的噪音,吵闹声;noise指声音的总称sound数量
6.number/amount指可数名词的数量;number指不可数名词的数量amount
7.the/a numberof”…的数量〃;the numberof许多的〃,都跟可数名词复数a numberof:前者作主语,谓语用单数;后者作主语,谓语用复数(用单数谓语另注意The numberofthetrees twothousand.is.前有限定词)trees(用复数A numberof treesbeen cutdown.)谓语另注意前无限定词have.trees
8.other;else修饰名词,放于名词前other修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词,放在后面elseWhat else can you see inthe pictureDoyouhaveanything elseto sayWhereelsecanyouseeitJim istaller thanany boy in hisclass,other
9.well/good指身体健康状况好well:ladjYou lookwell today.修饰动词或形容词畅销,2adv sellwell dowell in;be well很值得做worth doing,修饰人或物good:adj begood at;smell goodTheclothes lookand theysell onthe market.good;well
10.already/yet用于肯定句;用于否定句和疑问句already yet11also;too;as well;either〃也〃用于否定句的末尾:either,通常挨着动词,少用于句尾also,通常在句尾,前常有逗号too,只用于句尾,前无逗号as well,注意后三个词都不用于否定句
12.before;ago…时间前”结构时间段+,用于一般过去时ago agTheGreens movedto Shanghaifour weeksago.I sawit tenminutesago.(若有时间段+常用现在完成时:since+ago,Mr.Li hasworked)here since5years ago.单独放在句尾,常用现在完成时”以前〃before Ihave beentoLondon before.(若是时间段+常用过去完成时,…前〃before,I hadseen the)film twoweeks before.
13.almost;nearly;hardly几乎,差不多,后接肯定或否定词;几乎,差不多,almost nearly后接肯定意义的词几乎不,表否定hardly与
14.too much,too manymuch too:过于〃,加形容词或副词原级much too等much toohot/slowly太多的〃,加不可数名词too much等too muchwork/rain〃太多的〃,加可数复数too many等too manybooks/people区别:
15.a bit/a little都可作副词,后直接加形容词或副词rma bit/a littlehungry.She feelsa bit/a littletired.也都可作代词(或形容词),后接不可数名词,但有所不同(直接加不可数名词)She atea littlebread andwent out.a little(先力口再跟名词)She atea bitof bread.a bitof,与
16.everyday everyday:是形容词,后接名词,〃日常的〃everydayHe ispracticing everydayEnglish.是副词,作时间状语,每天〃every dayWespeak Englisheveryday.
17.•wish;hope
①既可接也可接也可接从句.wish todosth,sb+todosth.thatI wishto spendmy summerholiday inQingdao.I wish youtojoin myparty thisSunday.注接从句时,从句用I wishthat Icould bea scientist.that虚拟语气还用来接祝愿语:wish wishsb agreat success;wish youa happy等journey;wishyougood luck
②接或从句.但不接hope todosth.that sbtodosth.I hopeto receivea letterfrom yousome day.I hopeyouwillgetwell soon.
18.spend;take;cost;pay
①It+take+sb+some time+todosth:It tookus halfan hourto cutdown thetree.
②物+钱cost+sb+The bagcost methirty yuan.若后无则译作价钱是〃cost sb,The bagcosts30Yuan.
③人+$戋+pay+sb+for sth:I paidthe seller200Yuan forthebike.
④人+时间/钱+spend+on sth/in doingsth.The girlspent twohours insearching theInternet.The girlalways spendsmuch moneyon herclothes.有时可指〃度过〃spend:spend holiday/weekends/winter
19.put on;wear;dress;in
①〃穿上〃后接物表行为,是短暂动词put on,You shouldputonyour coatwhen youleave.
②穿,穿着〃后接物,表状态,是延续性动词wear,He alwayswears theyellow sweaterin winter.
③给…穿衣〃后接人dress,Lucy isdressing herlittle brothernow.后常接具有某种特征的衣物也可直接加表示颜色be dressed in的词The ladyis dressedin awhite skirt.The studentsare alldressedinyellow.〃穿好衣服〃,常不接宾语get dressedHewent outas soonas hegot dressed.(()”装扮成)……”dress up as…He dressedupasa clown.他装扮成小丑
④穿着〃后接具有某种特征的衣物,表状态,是介词,不可作in,谓语,可作状语也可以直接加表示颜色的词The womanin awhite skirtis myteacher.I wantto talktotheboyinblack.(我想找那个穿着黑衣服的男孩谈谈)至(达:
20.reach;arrive;get J
①地点getto+gettoShanghai/London/China。