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高中英语语法知识点归纳总结Unit OneFriendship
一、重点短语
1.go through经历,经受get through通过;完成;接通电话
2.set down记下,放下
3.a series of一系列
4.on purpose有目的的
5.in orderto为了
6.at dusk傍晚,黄昏时刻
7.face toface面对面
8.fall inlove爱上
9.join in参加(某个活动);take partin参加(活动)join加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)
10.calm down冷静下来
11.suffer from遭受
12.be/get tiredof…对…感到厌倦
13.be concernedabout关心
14.get on/along wellwith与…相处融洽
15.be goodat/do wellin擅长于•••
16.find it+adj.to do sth.发现做某事是…
17.no longer/not•••any longer不再•一例Suddenly Isaw herlips begin to trembleand tearsbegintoflow downhercheeks.Shiver——多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦彳列A suddengust ofcold windmade meshiver.
12.rise rose一risenvi,上升;升起,无被动语态;give riseto弓|起Raise raised一raisedvt,举起;筹集;养育Arisearose一arisenvt,出现常指问题或现象
13.injure——常指因意外事故造成的损伤,也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害彳列He wasinjured ina caraccident.harm——泛指“伤害,损害”,既可以指有生命的,也可以指无生命的例
1.He was afraid thathis furywould harmthe child.
2.His businesswas harmedfor somereason.hurt——既可以指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害彳列
1.She hurther legwhen shefell.
3.He felthurt atyour word.wound一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤彳列The bulletwounded himin thearm.
14.be preparedfor•••=make preparationsfor-->为•一做准备
15.in one s honor向…表示敬意;为纪念Be/feel honoredto do…做…感到很荣幸
16.make/give/deliver aspeech发言opening speech开幕词
17.give/provide shelterto…向…提供庇护所seek shelterfrom…躲避
18.happen to+n./pron.遭遇,发生happen to do sth.偶然;碰巧happen指偶然发生take place——指事先计划好的事情发生
二、语法----定语从句概念:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句成分:先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词that,which,who(宾格为whom,所有格为whose);或者关系副词where,when,why等关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句的作用
1.关系代词that的用法关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主语,也能做宾语例1)A planeis amachine thatcan fly.(指物,作主语)2)The noodles(that)I cookedwere delicious.(指物,作宾语)3)Who isthe manthat isreading abook overthere(指人,作主语)4)The girl(that)we sawyesterday wasJim,s sister,(指人,作宾语)
2.关系代词which的用法关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语例1)They plantedsome treeswhich didnt needmuch water.(作主语)2)The fish(which)we boughtthis morningwere notfresh.(作宾语)
3.关系代词who,whom的用法关系代词who,whom只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语彳列1The foreignerwho helpedus yesterdayis fromUSA.作主语2The personto whomyou justtalked tois Mr.Li.作宾语、
4.关系代词whose在的用法关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语例1This isthe scientistwhose nameis knownall overthe world.指人,作主语2The roomwhose windowfaces southis mine.指物,作主语3He haswritten abook whosename I,ve forgotten.指物,作宾语
5.关系副词when的用法关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语例1「11never forgetthe timewhen=during whichwe workedon thefarm.2Do youremember theafternoon when=on whichwe firstmet threeyearsago
6.关系副词where在定语从句中的用法关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语彳列1This isthe placewhere=at/in whichwe firstmet.2The hotelwhere=in whichwe stayedwasn tvery clean.
7.关系副词why在定语从句中的用法关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语例
1.I didnt geta payrise,but thiswasn tthe reasonwhy=for whichIleft.
2.The reasonwhy=for whichhe haslate wasthat hemissed thetrain.Unit5Nelson Mandela-a modernhero
一、重点词汇
1.selfish自私的selfless无私的
2.devote oneselfto…致力于;献身于
3.fight against对抗,反对fight for为…而战
4.principle原则principal校长;主要的
5.offer guidanceto…给,••提供指导
6.out ofwork失业
7.join加入组织,俱乐部,成为其中一员join in参加活动take partin参加活动
8.as+adj+as onecan尽可能=as+adj.+as possible
9.as amatter offact事实上=in fact
10.blow up爆炸,炸掉
11.set up建立;set about着手,开始做set aboutdoing sth.set off出发,动身;set out开始,出发set outto dosth.
12.be sentencedto被判…
13.be equalto与…相等;胜任
14.be proudof为…感到自豪
15.give out分发(give off散发出(气味))
16.die for为…而死die of死于(自身原因,如疾病)die from死于(外在原因,如车祸)
17.realize ones dreamof实现..的梦想
18.only位于句首时,要主谓倒装例:Only thendid wedecide toanswer violencewith violence.Only inthis way,can weprotect theenvironment better.
18.too much太多(后接不可数n.)much too太…(后接adj.)
19.not…until直到…才
20.it sno pleasuredoing sth做并不开心
21.make sb.sth.使某人成为…make sb.dosth.使某人做某事
二、语法一一直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语直接引述别人的原话一般前后要加引号间接引语用自己的话转述别人的话间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号例Mr.Black said,Im busy.”Mr.Black said that hewas busy.变化规则
(一)陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化人称的变化一一人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思行!J
1.He said,“I likeit verymuch.”-He saidthat heliked itverymuch.
2.He said to me,I vleft mybook inyour room.”一He toldme that he hadleft hisbook inmy room.时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时例“I dont wantto setdown aseries offacts ina diary,“said Anne.f Annesaidthatshe didnt wantto setdown aseriesoffacts ina diary.The boy said,T musing a knife.”f Theboysaidthathewas usingaknife.▲注意如果直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He saidthat lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语this thatthesethosenow thenagobefore/earliertoday thatdayyesterday theday beforetomorrowthe next/following daytheday aftertomorrow Intwo days timecomegohere theretheday beforeyesterday twodays before/earlier
(二)祈使句的变化规则如果直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面还要加上not例The hostesssaid tous,“Please sit down.”f Thehostess askedus tositdown.He said,Don tmake so much noise,boys.”f Hetold theboys notto makesomuchnoise.
(三)疑问句的变化规则如果直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号一般疑问句如果直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或said时,要改为ask或asked,原问句变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句例“Do youthink a diary can become your friend”the writersays.f Thewriter asksus ifwe thinkadiarycanbecomeourfriend.2)特殊疑问句如果间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句例:“What doyou want”he askedme.一He askedme whatI wantedUnittwo Englisharound theworld
一、重点短语
1.be differentfrom与•一不同be thesame as与------^羊
2.one another相互,彼止匕(二each other)
3.official language官方语言
4.at theend of在…结束时
5.because of因为(后接名词或名词性短语)because因为(后接句子)
6.native speakers说母语的人
7.be basedon根据,依据
8.at present目前;当今
9.especially特别,尤其specially专门地
10.make useof利用…make thebest of充分利用…
11.a largenumber of大量的,很多(作主语,谓语动词用复数)the numberof…的数量(作主语,谓语动词用单数)
12.in fact=actually=asamatter offact事实上
13.believe itor not信不信由你
14.there isno suchthing as…没有这样的事•一
15.be expectedto…被期待做某事
16.play apart/role in…在•一起作用
17.make listsof…列清单
18.included包括(前面接包括的对象)Including包括(后接包括的对象)
19.command sb.to dosth.命令某人去做某事command+that从句(从句用should+V原)
20.request sb.to dosth.要求某人做某事request+that从句(从句用should+V原)
二、语法英语中的命令command语气和请求request语气-----命令语气:表示直接命令某人做某事,语气比较重,不怎么礼貌,一般用于上级对下级彳列:
1.“Look atthe example”,the teachersaidtous.
2.Open thewindow!请求语气:表示请求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,非常礼貌例
1.“Would youlike tosee myflat”She asked.
2.Would youplease openthe windowUnit3Travel journal
一、重点短语
1.travel泛指旅行journey指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage——指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行trip——常指短时间短距离的旅行tour指周游,巡回旅游,
2.prefer to更加喜欢,宁愿prefer Ato B比起B,更喜欢Aprefer doingto doing比起做•••,宁愿做,一prefer to do ratherthan do与其做…,不如…
3.flow through流过,流经
4.ever since自从
5.persuade sb.todosth.说服某人做某事
6.be fondof喜欢
7.insist ondoing坚持做某事insist+that从句(用should+V原)
8.care about关心
9.change ones mind改变想法
10.altitude高度attitude态度,看法
11.make upone,s mindtodo下定决心做某事=decide todo=make adecision todo
12.give in让步,屈服give up放弃
13.be surprisedto…对…感到惊奇to one,s surprise令某人惊讶的是…
14.at last=finally=in theend最终
15.stop todo停下来去做某事Stop doing停止做某事
16.as usual像往常一样
17.so…that如止匕…以至于…So+adj+a/an+n.+thatSuch+a/an+adj.+n.+that
18.be familiarwith对…熟悉(人作主语)be familiarto为…所熟悉(物作主语)
二、语法:现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来,表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有come/go/leave/arrive/travel/take/stay/do等.例
1.r mcoming.我就来
2.what areyou doingnext Sunday你下个星期天做什么?
3.I hearthat youare travellingalong MekongRiver.我听说你将沿湄公河旅行
4.Where areyou stayingat night你们晚上待在哪里/Unit fourEarthquakes
一、重点短语
1.right away立亥.马上(二at once=in notime)
2.asleep睡着的;熟睡地(fall asleep入睡)sleep睡;睡眠sleepy犯困的
3.it seemsthat/as if…看来好像…;似乎
4.in ruins成为废墟
5.the numberof…的数量(谓语动词用单数)a numberof大量(谓语动词用复数)
6.rescue workers营救人员Come toonesrescue营救某人
7.be trapped被困
8.how long多长时间how often多久,指平率how soon还要多久(用于将来时当中,用in+时间段回答)
9.hundreds ofthousands of成千上万的
10.dig out挖出
11.shake——泛指“动摇,震动”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“震惊,颤抖”彳列
1.She feltthe earthshaking underhim.
2.She wasshaken withanger.quake指较强烈的震动,如地震例The buildingquaked onits foundationTremble指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖。