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中学英语常用介词用法归纳总结介词在英语里出现非常频繁,它的搭配众多且意义丰富在整个中学阶段,介词的搭配是同学们感到较为棘手的问题之
一一、ABOUT.动词在此表示论及,谈起,涉及,着手”等意思:1+about+sth.about安排,辩论,询问,带来,闲arrange aboutargue aboutask aboutbring aboutchat about聊,在意,报怨,着手,听说,care aboutcomplain aboutgo abouthear aboutinquire about打听,了解,争论,读至负责处理,know aboutquarrel aboutread about U,see about开始,谈起,谈论,考虑,担心,set aboutspeak abouttalk aboutthink abouttrouble about讲述,着急现举例说明其中一些短语的用法tell aboutworry about她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况She inquiredabout mybrother.我必须开始收拾行装I mustset aboutmy packing.你们在聊什么呢?What areyou chattingabout形容词在此意思是“为…,对…”,接表原因的词
2.be++about+sth.about为着急对••感至不舒月艮,忙于be anxiousabout…,be badabout・U be busy about・・,小心••,对••有把握,关心・be carefulabout・be certainabout・be concernedabout・・,为••发狂,为••感至激动,为•・be crazyabout・be excitedabout・U behappy about・・而高兴,为发疯对•一感至紧张,be madabout…,be nervousaboutUbe particularabout拟易为…兴奋,对…严格,K ij…,be pleasedabout be strict about be thoughtful about对…考虑周到的,为…感受到不安请看例句be uneasyabout今天在忙些什么?What haveyou beenbusy abouttoday你为别人想得太周至了You arecertainly verythoughtfulaboutothers.U对这些事我是很严格的r mstrict aboutsuch things.有事要办Business hasto beattended to.我想出一个办法An ideaoccurred to me.动词下列动词不能直接带间接宾语要接间接宾语时须在动词b+sth.+to+sb.sb.,后加介词通知某人,向某人描述,向某人解to announceto describeto explainto释,对某人表达,提及,向某人点头,报告,告express tomention tonod toreport tosay to知,对某人大叫,对某人提建议,与某人交谈,跟某人shout tosuggest tospeak totalk to谈话,和某人低声耳语例如whisper to.她跟我向委员会推举She suggestedtomeone ortwo suitablepeople for the committee了一两个合适的人选动词此时介词可译成“到,于,给”等意思增加,c+sth./sb.+to+sth./sb.to addto比作,运送至,致力于,介绍给,邀compare tocarry todevote tointroduce toinvite to请参加,连接到,委托给,下降至,判处,join toleave toreduce tosentence totake to带到例如请给咖啡加块糖Please adda pieceof candyto coffee.诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台Poets liketo comparelife tostage.形容词/过去分词+的意思是“对…”:觉察;晓得,
2.be+tooto bealive to be attentive注意;留心,知晓,缺乏眼光,紧挨着,to beawake to be blindto beclose to be common对某人来说很普通,违反;反对,致九不愿意to becontrary to be devotedto bedeaf to听,有…的力量,暴露;遭受,对…公平,be equalto beexposed to be fairto befamiliar to对某人来说熟悉,对某人心存感激,对…有好处,be gratefulto be good to be harmfulto对…有危害,对…重要,友好对待,周知于,be importantto bekind to be knownto be嫁给,转移到,靠近,对…有必要,married to be movedtobenear tobe necessarytobe在对面,反对,合某人之意,专属,opposite tobe opposedtobepleasant tobe properto礼貌待人,粗暴对待,与…有关,不习be politetoberude tobe relativetobestrange to惯,类似,适合,忠实,感激,be similartobe suitable tobe truetobethankful tobe useful对…有用,习惯例如tobeused to你注意到发生什么事了吗?Are youalive towhat isgoing on那老人不能应付这种情况The oldman wasnot equalto thesituation,他的房子在我的房子对面His houseis oppositeto mine.名词构成的词组有在某种程度上,到现在为止,
3.to+to adegree todate to one sfeet总兆起来,照••看来,使••吃,原,符to one s mind・to one s surprise・toones taste合胃口,独自享用,定做,不折不扣地,中肯to oneselfto orderto theletter tothe point地注:发生,疾病、谣言流行,转身,到处come aboutget aboutturn aboutleave about乱放,随便堆放,打扰;传播,lie aboutput about使…发愁这些词组中作副词,此时不能接宾语put oneselfabout aboutabout
二、AFTER.动词+介词有“追赶,问候,效仿”之意:问候,寻1after after ask afterbe after求,学着做,设法得到,问候,寻找dosth.after goafter inquireafter lookafter junafter追求,追逐,长得像例如seek aftertake after.他每天下午都打电话问候他的女朋Every afternoonhe calledto askafter hisgirl friend友这男孩长得像他父亲The boytakes afterhis father.一群狗在追赶那只受伤的鹿The dogswent after the woundeddeer.构成的其它短语在不同的短语中意思各异
2.after after过了一会,毕竟,天黑以后,after alittle/moment/while afterall afterdark afteronesheart合…的心,放学后,售后服务,勉强,after schoolafter serviceafterthefashion dayafter日复一日,一个接一个,年复一年例如day oneafter anotheryear afteryearDon,tbetoo strictwith him.After allhe isstill achild.不要太苛刻了,毕竟他还是个孩子He canspeak andwrite Englishafterafashion.他多少会说和写一点英语,但不太好
三、AT.动词表示“指向某一目标,到达某地”抵达,表访问某地,1+at at arrive atc atcatch当场抓住,攻击,向…开火,瞟一眼,怒目而视,atit comeat fireat glanceat glareat忧伤,敲嘲笑,看一眼,拉扯,对…grieve atknock atJaugh atlook atpull atrejoice at高兴,向某人微笑,朝…射击,怒目而视,刺向,撕,smile atshoot atstare atthrust attear at颤抖,吃惊,工作例如tremble atwonder at work at.不要再让我当场逮住你Don,t letme catchyou againat itWemust shootthe arrowat thetargetv.我们必须有的放矢.看到农民的梭标,他们阵阵发抖They trembledat thesight ofthe peasants spears形容词/过去分词+其中表示“情绪、情感的原因,或对某物具有某种
2.be+at at感情恼怒于,对…保持警觉,对…吃惊,be angryat bealarmed at be astonishedat be不擅长,对某事彳艮灵巧,高兴,厌恶,bad at be cleverat bedelighted at be disgustedat对••失望,擅长,对-••不够耐心,be disappointedat・be goodat be impatient atbe mad狂热于,对…感到高兴,出席,满意,atbepleased atbe presentatbesatisfied atbe吃惊,对…非常震惊,受到…的恐吓,surprised atbe shockedatbeterrified atbe quickat对…很机敏例如.他们对他重返工作感到欣喜They wereoverjoyed athis return to workThey are alarmedat thegrowth ofthe liberationmovement in the colonies.他们对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来名词构成的词组在一定距离,不知所措,
3.at+at adistance ata loss一次,一点也不,不惜一切代价,最好也只是,atatime atall atany costat bestat first起初,手头,在内心里,在家;无拘束,最后,at handat heartat homeat lastatleast至少,最多,马上,目前,不知所措,有时,atmost atonceatpresent atseaat timesat任意地,起作用,最坏will atwork atworst•其它含有的短语勤奋工作,顺路拜访4atworkhard atdrop inat
四、FOR.动词1+for)动词表原因、目的解释;说明,对…负责,a+for for account foranswer forapply申请;请求,为…而道歉,请求,要求,在意,for apologizefor begfor callfor carefor enter报名参加,为…而战,希望,查询;求见,离开for fightfor hopefor inquirefor leavefor某地到另一地,寻找,盼望,误认为,计划做某look for long formistake forplan for事,为…作准备,为…提供,伸手去拿,竞选,prepare forprovide forreach forrun for象征,搜寻,派人去请,陈述意见、愿望,当stand forsearch forsend forspeak fortake for作,希望,等待例如wish forwait for他因病缺席His illnessaccounts forhis absence.那婴儿伸手去苹果,但够不着The babyreached forthe applebut couldnt reachit..要想找到珍珠,必须潜到海底He whowould searchfor pearlsmust divebelow)动词表示原因或目的要求得到,因…责备,b+sb.+for+sth.for askfor blame for宽恕,谅解,原谅,花钱买,称赞,excuse for forgive forpardon forpay forpraise for对…进行惩罚,催逼,酬谢,对…表示谢意例punish forpush forreward forthank for如靖原谅我的迟至Please excusemefor my beinglate.ll请见谅,让你久等了Forgive meformykeeping youwaiting.形容词表作用、目的、对人或物有某种情绪等急于
2.be++for for be anxiousfor做,渴望有害于,便于,利于,be eager for,be badfor beconvenient for begood for be以…出名,适合于,对•一心存感激,famous for be fitfor begrateful forbe impatientfor对…不耐烦,迟至有必要,作好准备,be latefor U,be necessaryforbeready forbe sorry为一•而后每,对••负责,适合于,不forfbe responsiblefor・besuitableforbeunfit for适合,对…有作用例如be usefulfor他渴望成功He iseagerforsuccess.已政府负责民众的福利The governmentis responsibleforthenation swelfar名词构成的词组尽管,非常便宜地,确切地,
3.for+for allforasong forcertain for陪着,永远,例如,以免,肯定地,company forever forexample forfear forfair for免费,为了好玩,永远,比方,祝福,free forfun for goodforinstance forluck forlife终身,长久,白白地,有生第一次,替自己,forlongfor nothingfor oncefor oneself为了消遣,因为…理由,供出售,真不害臊,for pleasurefor reasonfor salefor shame简称,好玩,确切地for shortfor sportfor sure.动词+副词/名词构成的短语:将遇到,弥补,从4+forbein formake upforgoin for事,提防,把…当作理所当然,音感1o okout fortake sth.for grantedhave anear for好,有某方面的天赋have agift for
五、FROM.动词1+from)动词+表示“来源、原因、起始”等来自,追溯,a from from comefrom datefrom违背,死于,逃出,自…跌落,垂depart fromdie fromescape fromfall fromhang from挂,收到来信向某人学习,自某地返回,自…hear fromJearn fromreturn fromrise from冒出,起因于,忍受例如result fromsuffer from书中所有的人物都来自于真实的All thecharacters inthe bookare drawnfrom reallife.生活因疏忽弓起的Any damageresulting fromnegligence mustbe paidfor bythe borrower.I任何损坏都应由借用者负责赔偿他好不容易回过神来He hasrecovered fromhis surprise.)动词+表示“来源、免于”等b sth./sb.+from+sth./sb./a placefrom borrowfromo向…借,选自,免除,阻止做,不准choose fromexcuse fromkeep fromprevent from做,不受•••之害,收至(移动;除去,protect fromreceive fromremove fromsave from保全;拯救,分离开来,阻止例如separate fromstop from他获准可不去听课He wasexcused fromattendance atthe lecture.不要让孩子弄坏了书Stop thechild fromspoiling thebook.形容词+止匕时含义众多缺席,
2.be+fromfrom be absentfrom bedifferent from与众不同,更不用说,躲避,用…制成,be far from behidden frombe madefrombetired因…而疲倦例如from.那男孩不会走路,更不用说跑了The boycan,t walkand isfarfromrunning…本短语表示从一种状态到另一状态的变化或从…到…
3.from…to frombad to每况愈下,自始至终,从头到尾,worse frombeginning toend fromcover tocover from至处,一天一天上也,挨家挨户,China toPeru Ufrom dayto dayfrom doorto doorfrom从头至尾,自始至终,勉强糊冢琮end toend fromfirst tolast fromhand to mouth rom从头至脚,广泛流传,从日出到日head tofoot Ufrom mouthtomouthfrom sunto sun落,从头开始,从头到脚,不时地,from startto finishfrom topto toefrom timeto time彻底地from topto bottom
六、IN.动词
1.+in)动词+在短语中的含义异常丰富:信任,碎成,引起;a in in believein breakin bringin产生;带来,下令收回,填充,收获,上缴,涉及call infill inget inhand in involve in,lie在于,导致,共享,成功,卷起;订阅,归还in resultin sharein succeedin take in turnin当局例如他彳艮缺乏资He wasso short of moneythat hehad tocall inthe loansthat hehad made.金,不得不收回所有的款子你失败的原因在于懒惰Your failurelies inyour laziness.已发布收帆的命令Orders aregiven totakeinsail.)动词介词后接()帮助某人做某事,b+sb./time/money+in indoing sth.help sb.in匀出时间或钱做某事,花时间或钱做某spare time/money inspend time/money in事,浪费时间或钱做某事例如waste time/money in.她提出,我不在家时她She offeredto helphim inthe housekeepingwhen Iam nothere可以帮助他料理家务形容词+表示“在某些方面或穿着活跃于,
2.be+inin be activein beabsorbed in专心致志,忙碌,出生于,牵涉,穿bebusyin beborn in be concerned in beclothed in着,对…失望,勤于,在…有经验,be disappointedin bediligent in be experiencedin be任职于,忙碌,某方面的专家,在…employed in be engagedinbeexpert inbe excellentin优秀,对…有兴趣,缺乏,富有,迟缓,be interestedinbelacking inbe richinbeslow inbe在某方面成功,精于,严于,弱于例如successful inbe skilledinbestrict inbe weakin她完全专注于自己的事务She wascompletely absorbedin herown affairs.不只——人牵涉至这件事More thanone personhas beenconcernedinthis.U名词表示“处于某种状态或在某些方面”等意思提前,
3.in+ininadvance inall总共,总而言之,卧床,亲自,简明扼要,万一,in balancein bedin bodyin briefin case主管,有危险,负债,失望,大量地;有in chargein dangerin debtin despairin force效,全部地,开花,一般说来,本身,恋爱,in fullin flowerin generalin itselfin lovein井然有序,亲自公开地,有进展,从实践上order inperson,in publicin progressin practice看,穿着破衣,探索,作为报答,一片废墟,in ragsin researchin returnin ruinsin short总之,从理论上看,有麻烦,眼泪汪汪,及时,in theoryin troublein tearsin timein turn按顺序,白白地,看得见in vainin view注意下列几个词组中的为副词到达登记,插嘴,包括,in checkin cutin countin draw时间接近,顺路拜访,屈服,源源而来in dropin givein pourin
七、OF.动词1+of)动词意为“有关,由于()请求某人,抱怨,a+of of“beg ofsb.complain ofconsist由…构成,死于,梦想,听说,了解,谈及,of dieof dreamof hearof knowof speakof tell讲到,想起,论及例如of thinkof talkof.从来没有人抱怨我们带来Never hasone ofthem complainedof allthe troublewe give这么多麻烦二氧化碳由碳、氧两种元素组成Carbon dioxideconsists ofcarbon andoxygen.)动词其中有剥夺,有关”之意:控告(谴责,非难)某b+sb.+of+sth.of accuseof人,骗走,剥夺,汇报,抢走,提醒,cheat ofdeprive ofinform ofrob ofremind ofwarn of警告例如他骗走了我的财产He hascheated meof mypoverty..他们的公民权者被录夺了Theyaredeprived oftheir rightsas citizensE)动词介词表动宾关系,后接动作的宾语c+sth.+of+sb.of请求(某人做某事),要求得到例如sb.request ofrequire of我唯一的请求就是希望你早点来All Irequest ofyou isthat youshould comehere early..你做的这一切都是法律对你的要求You havedone allthe lawrequires ofyou形容词+后接表对象或目标的词,这类短语有很多
2.be+of of觉察,以…为耻,担心,没有,be awareof beashamed of be afraidof bebare of be careful小心,还清债务,确信,由,•构成,of beclear of be certainof becomposed of・be envious嫉妒,健忘,喜欢,免于;摆脱,充满,of beforgetful of be fondof befree of be fullofbe认罪,抱有希望,汇报,对…无耐guilty ofbe hopefulofbeinformed ofbeimpatientof心,嫉妒,用…制成,留意以…为骄be jealousofbemade ofbe mindfulof,be proudof傲,烦于,缺乏,确信,困于,值得be sickofbeshortofbe sureofbetired ofbe worthyof名词构成的词组成年,精选的,当然,最近,
3.of+of ageof choiceof courseof lateof有名的,自动地,有意地,有用,有价值name of oneself ofpurpose ofuse ofvalues的
八、ON.动词1+on)动词介词表示“凭借,产生某结果,接通”等意思对…有作用,a+on onacton促使;导致,拜访某人,依赖,执行,取决bring oncall oncount oncarry ondepend onfeed以…为生,料想;推断,继续,穿着,坚持,on figureon goon haveon insiston keepon继续,依赖,以…为生,迅速穿上,穿上,接通lean onlive onpull onput onswitch on(电源),喜欢;养成;轻易学会,接通(电源),操作,take toturn onwork onwait侍候例如on这种药对心脏有好处This kindof medicineacts on the heart.好天气促使庄稼长势良好The fineweather bringson thecrops nicely.我们有赖你的帮助We counton youto help.动词的意思是“以…,对…,在某方面“以…b+sb.sth.+on+sb.sth.on baseon为基础,恭贺,固定,怜悯,怜惜,congratulate onfix on have mercyonhavepity onkeep监视,把时间、精力花在某方面例如watch onspend on理论联系实际Theory shouldbe basedon practice.恭喜你竞赛获得成功Congratulate onyour successinthecompetition.形容词的词组:依赖,对某人苛刻,
2.be++on be dependent on be hardon beimpressed对…印象深刻,渴望,对…严格例如onbekeen onbestricton我们不能只依赖父母We cant justbedependenton ourparents.他渴望出国He iskeen ongoing abroad.名词构成的词组表示处于某种状态或在某个方位乘车,飞机
3.on+on onboard,on听候召唤,值班,到底,着火,步行,在岗,call onduty onearth onfire onfoot onguard雇用,度假,休假,跪下,在on hireon holidayon leaveon ones kneeson one,s way・••的路上故意,待售,在岸上,准时,,on purposeon saleon shoreon timeon themove行动,另——方面,当场快要说出on theother handon thespot,onthetip ofonestongue口,在…的顶部,值班on topofonwatch
九、TO.动词1+to动词+介词意为“达到,指向”等:适应,处理;照料,a tooto adjustto attendto agree赞同,加起来达…,属于,达至为…干杯,to amountto belongto cometo ll,drink toget到达,发生在某人身上,紧握,通向,听,想to happento holdto leadto listento occurto起,反对,指向,回答,参考;指的是…;涉及,object topoint torespond torefer toreply to回答,负责,坚持,求助,给某人写信例如see tostick toturntowrite to她必须学会适应英国的生活She mustlearn toadjust herselfto Englishlife.。