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专题十一被动语态精讲
一、概念被动语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系英语的语态共有两种主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有及物动词彳j被动语态汉语往往用“被“”受““给“等被动词来表示被动意义
二、将下列语句替换为被动语态EG:
1.We havestudied Englishfor3years atthespare-time school.被动语态—English hasbeen studiedby usfor3years atthe spare-time school.
2.They hadproduced100tractors bythe endof lastyear.-1tractors bythe endof lastyear.
3.They havewarned usto be careful of rats.J—We to becarefulofratsby them.
4.People havepiled plasticbags full of rubbish in streets.—Plastic bagsfullofrubbishinstreets.
5.No onehas everbeaten himat tennis.一He attennis.
三、构成形式
①助动词+及物动词的过去分词be+
②情态动词及物动词的过去分词+be+Tips时态用法和主动语态相同,只是改变了语态,详见下表主动语态被动语态f现在时
①amVsVare■
②do/doesVWs am\is\are+doneV.p,p一般将来时wilNbe goingto\beaboutto+doV.will*be*doneV.p.p
①②waswere didV.-ed was\were*doneV.pp过去将来时would/should+V.would/shouldbe+done p.p.现在进行时amMs\are+doingV.-ing amMsVare+being+doneV.p p过去进行时was\were*doingV.-ing was\were*being+doneVpp现在完成时have\has*doneV.pp.have\has+been+doneV.p.p过去完成时had*doneV.p.p.had*been*doneV.p.p.情态动词情态动词+V-情态动词-be+doneV.pp
四、注意事项不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态即多数的瞬间动词例1如appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,break out,come true,fall等均无被动语asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place.态不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语2例如:fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agreewith,arrive at/in,shake handswith,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take partin,walkinto,belong to系动词无被动语态除外3keep例如:appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于4被动语态die,death,dream,live,life当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态5Eg VShe likesto swim.XTo swimis likedby her.主动语态走开,被动语态回来6to to在主动语态中,等其后跟省略make,let,hear,see,notice t的动词不定式时,变为被动语态时必须还原不定式to例如The bossmadehim work14hours aday.—He wasmade towork14hours aday.We heardhim singthis song in the room.—He washeard tosingthissongintheroom.带双宾语的动词7give,send,teach,lend,show,等,在变成被动语态时,可以有两种情况.如果用直接pass,tell宾语作为被动语态的主语,这时,间接宾语前要加介词;如果t用间接宾语做主语,则不加如to.A penwas givento meby my friend yesterday.—My friendgave mea penyesterday.I wasgiven apen bymyfriendyesterday.
五、一些非谓语的主动形式表被动意义
①含义相当于动词不定式的被动need,want,require,bear,形式Eg Thehouse needsrepairing tobe repaired.
②后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动worth词不定式;而后面跟动词不定式的被动形式worthy EgThe picture-book iswell worthreading.—The picture-book isvery worthytoberead.
③动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义Eg Ihave alot ofthings todo thisafternoon.
④万能句,it s+adj+for sbto dosth.
⑤结构,主动表备洞含义too…to..Eg Thisbook istoo expensiveto buy.
⑥介词等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义in,on EgThebuilding isunder construction.—The buildingis beingconstructed.习题练1Chinese kitesin ancienttimesdesign inthe shapeofbirds.2teacher keepstelling usthat thefuture belongtothe well-educated.3My brotherand Ihave inviteher birthdayparty.4The GreatWall knowall overthe world.5Where tohave themeetingdiscuss now.6The oldman isill.Hemust sendto thehospital.7The lostboynot findso far.8The foodsmell delicious.9Last yeara largenumber oftrees cutdown.10So far,the moonvisit byman already.。