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UNIT4NATURAL DISASTERS课时作业（本栏目对应课时作业）P
449.阅读理解IAClimate changeleads to a threatto the worlds sandybeaches,and asmany ashalf ofthemcould disappearby2100,a newstudy hasfound.Even by2050some coastlinescould be（侵蚀）.unrecognizable fromwhat wesee today,with14%to15%facing severeerosionUsing updatedsea levelrise predictions,the researchersanalyzed howbeaches aroundtheworld wouldbe in a futurewith higherseas and more damagingstorms.They alsoconsiderednatural processeslike waveerosion,as wellas humanfactors likecoastal buildingdevelopments,which canaffect abeachs health.The studyfound thatsea levelrise isexpected to outweigh these other factors,and that the moreheattrapping gaseshumans putinto the atmosphere,the worsethe influenceson the worlds beaches are likelyto be.Its hard to overstatejust howimportant theworlds beaches are.They covermore thanonethird of theworldscoastlines,and protect coastal areasfrom storms.Beaches arealsoimportant economicengines,supporting relaxation,tourism andother activities.And insome areas,the beachis morethan avacation destination.In placeslike Australia,life nearthecoast revolvesaround thebeach formuch of the year.Some of theworldsmost popularbeachesarealready takingaction.Places likeMiami（修补）Beach aretrucking inthousands oftons ofsand topatch upbadly erodedshorelines,while othershave builtsea wallsand breakwatersin anattempt tohold precioussand inplace.But thefinancial andenvironmental costsof theseprojects arehuge,and scientistssayrough seas andmorepowerful storms,supercharged by a warmerclimate,will makethis alosingbattle.However,the researchersdid findthat humanshave somecontrol overwhat happenstothe worldsbeaches.If theworlds governmentsare able to stickto modestcuts inheat-trapping gaspollution,the researchersfound that17%of projectedbeach lossesby2050could beprevented,and thatnumber willgrow to40%by2100if greenhousegases arelimited.l.Which isthe biggestcontributor tosevere beacherosionA.Damaging storms.B.Wave erosion.C.Coastal buildings.D.Sea levelrise.
2.What canwe inferfrom Paragraph3A.It ishardtoprotectcoastalbeaches.B.One thirdofstorms takeplace nearbeaches.C.Beaches areof greatsignificance toour lives.D.MostAustralians liveon beachtourism.
3.What doesthe underlinedword“this”refer toin Paragraph4A.Popularizing thebeaches.B.Holding sand in place.C.Reducing theproject costs.D.Stopping globalwarming.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁，预计到年，多达一半的沙滩可能会消失因此，世界上2100一些最受欢迎的海滩已经开始采取行动细节理解题根据第二段中的
1.D“The studyfound thatsea levelrise isexpectedto可知，有很多因素会造成沙滩被侵蚀，其中海平面上升是导outweightheseotherfactors”致沙滩被严重侵蚀的最大因素推理判断题根据第三段中的飞
2.C“It hardto overstatejust howimportant theworlds可知，再怎么强调世界海滩的重要性也不为过再结合该段可知，海滩也是beachesare.”重要的经济引擎，支撑着休闲、旅游和其他活动由此可以推断，第三段主要强调了沙滩对我们的生活非常重要代词指代题根据第四段中的可知，像迈
3.B“Places likeMiami Beach…sandin place.”阿密海滩这样的地方正在努力修补严重侵蚀的海岸线，而其他地方则建造了海堤和防波堤，试图把珍贵的沙子固定住再根据本段最后一句可知，科学家说汹涌的海洋和更强大的风暴因更温暖的气候而增压，这将会使得固定沙子是一项失败的举措因此可知，指的this是“holding sandinplace”B（•全国高考甲卷）2022Goffins cockatoos,a kindof smallparrot native to Australasia,have beenshown tohave similarshape-recognition abilitiestoahuman two-year-old.Thoughnot known to use tools in the wild,the birdshave provedskilful attool usewhile keptin thecage.In arecent experiment,cockatoos werepresented with a boxwithanut insideit.Theclear frontof the box hada“keyhole in a geometricshape,and the birds weregiven fivedifferently shaped keys”to choose from.Inserting thecorrect“key would let out the nut.In humans,babies canput a round shapein around hole from around one year of age,（对称的）but it will be another yearbefore they are able to dothe samewith lesssymmetricalshapes.This abilityto recognizethat ashape willneed tobe turnedinaspecific directionbeforeitwillfit iscalled anuallocentric frameof reference”.In theexperiment,Goffinscockatoos wereabletoselect theright toolfor thejob,in mostcases,by visualrecognitionalone.Where trial-and-error wasused,the cockatoosdid betterthan monkeysin similartests.This indicatesthat Goffin^cockatoos doindeed possessan allocentricframe ofreferencewhen movingobjects inspace,similar totwo-year-old babies.The nextstep according tothe researchers,is totry andwork outwhether the cockatoos（线索）rely entirely on visualclues,or alsouse a sense oftouch inmaking theirshapeselections.
4.How didthecockatoosget thenut fromthe boxin theexperiment A.By followinginstructions.B.By usinga tool.C.By turningtheboxaround.D.By removingthe lid.
5.Which taskcan humanone-year-olds mostlikely completeaccording tothe textA.Using akey tounlock adoor.B.Telling parrotsfrom otherbirds.C.Putting aball intoaroundhole.D.Grouping toysof differentshapes.
6.What doesthe follow-up testaim tofind outabout thecockatoosA.How fartheyareabletosee.B.How theytrack movingobjects.C.Whether theyare smarterthan monkeys.D.Whether theyuse asense oftouch in the test.
7.Which canbeasuitable titlefor thetextA.Cockatoos:Quick ErrorCheckers
8.Cockatoos:Independent LearnersC.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters【语篇解读】通过实验发现，澳大拉西亚地区戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉的形状识别能力相当于两岁的人类幼儿细节理解题根据文章第一段中的
4.B“Though notknowntousetoolsin thewild,thebirds（虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用have provedskilful attool usewhile keptinthecage工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具）.”以及“…thebirds weregiven fivedifferentlyshapedkeys tochoosefrom.Inserting thecorrect6keys5（研究人员给了这些鸟把形状各异的，钥匙，供它们选择插入正wouldletoutthenut5确的，钥匙，会让坚果出来）.”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的故选项B细节理解题根据文章第二段中的
5.C Inhumans,babies canput around shapeinaround（在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆holefromaroundoneyearof age形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里）”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务故选项C推理判断题通过文章最后一段中的
6.D“The nextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,is to（线索），try andwork outwhether thecockatoos relyentirelyonvisual duesor alsouse a（根据研究人员的说法,下一步是尝试弄清楚sense oftouch inmaking theirshape selections凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状）.”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉故选项D标题推测题通读全文，再结合文章第一段中的、
7.D“Coffin cockatoos,a kindof smallparrotnativetoAustralasia,have beenshown tohave similarshape-recognition abilitiesto ahumantwo・year・old（戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似）.”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉项D（凤头鹦鹉识别形状的熟练工）“符合文意，最适合“Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters作为本文标题故选项D“Like amonster,it destroyseverything.^Thats howone schoolgirldescribed a tsunami（海啸）.On Dec.26,2004,a magnitude
9.1earthquake inIndonesia setoff amassive tsunami.ltkilled morethan290,000people acrossa dozencountries andcost anestimated$10billion indamage.Nov.5is World Tsunami AwarenessDay andattheUnited Nations,disaster riskreductionwas highon theagenda.“What Ican tellyou isthat the tsunami wavecannot bestopped Jsaid BulgariansU.N.Ambassador Georgi Velikov Panayotov.He wason vacationin Thailandin2004andsurvived the tsunami.uWhat wecan dois tobuild earlywarning systemsand,of course,educate thepopulation aboutthe damagingpower of thetsunamiwave Jhe said.On March11,2011,a magnitude9earthquake rockednortheastern Japantriggering afiercetsunami thatalso damagedthe FukushimaDaiichi nuclearplant,south ofSendai.“When thebig earthquakehit Japanin2011,people thoughtthat wewere preparedforit,“said JapansU.N.Ambassador KoroBessho.^It causedsevere damage.We haddams;wehad drills.However,we hadbeen countingon somethingthat hitsevery10years andtheearthquake wasof thesize ofpossibly every500years orthousand years/9he said.These twoevents sentthe countriesoftheregion intooverdrive toreview andimprovedisaster preparedness.In2015the SendaiFramework forDisaster RiskReduction wasborn.It aimsto helpcreate abetter understandingof disasterrisk andimprove preparednessforan effectiveresponse.灾害频发区.Indonesia ismade upof thousandsof islandswhich aredisaster proneWillemRampangilei,head ofIndonesia NationalBoard forDisaster Management,said hisgovernmentnow hasplans forevery disaster prone city.Countries atrisk arealso expandingtheir educationprograms.Children froman earlyageare taughthow toreact in case ofa tsunamiand thengo withtheir classmatesto highergroundaway fromcoastal areasto avoidthe wallsof waterthetsunamitriggers.
8.What doesGeorgiVelikovPanayotov mainlytalk aboutA.The generalfeatures ofatsunami.B.Ways forhumans toface atsunami.C.His sufferinginthe2004tsunami.D.The losscaused bythe2004tsunami.
9.1n KoroBesshos opinion,why didthe2011earthquake causesevere damageA.It causeda fiercetsunami.B.It destroyeda nuclearplant.C.The sizewas beyondexpectation.D.There wasno effectivedefense system.
10.What commonbelief pusheddifferent countriesto takeaction toface acoming tsunamiA.Children should be protectedby allmeans.B.The improvementof preparednesscan reducedamage.C.Proper responseincaseofatsunami cansave oneslife.D.Stronger measuresshouldbetaken indisasterproneareas.
11.Which canbe thebest titleofthetextA.WorldTsunamiAwareness DayB.Nations AttackedbyaMassive TsunamiC.The Unpredictableand DestructiveDisasterD.Learn fromDisasters toPrevent FutureOnes【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了两次海啸带来的灾难及人们面对海啸应该做什么，并说明一些国家已在改进灾害防范准备工作以减少损失细节理解题根据第四段可知，他主要谈论的是人类面对海啸的方式
8.B细节理解题结合第六段可知，认为地震规模超出了预期，造成了严重
9.C KoroBessh破坏细节理解题结合第七段可知，这些地区的国家都认为改进防灾准备工作可以减少损
10.B害标题归纳题文章主要介绍了两次海啸带来的灾难及人们面对海啸应该做什么，并说1LD明一些国家已在改进防灾准备工作以减少损失故项“从灾难中学习以预防未来的灾难”D正确.七选五阅读II（山东省临沂市届高三下学期月一模考试）20222For along time,sports havebeenviewed asa way to stayhealthy andin shape,but theirimportance goesmuch further.From asocial standpoint,sports area powerfultool thatbrings peopletogether andcreates asense of community.]As aninternational student,playing pick-up basketballat thegymwas thefastest andeasiest way to makefriends.As astudent,I hadvery challengingclasses andoccasionally hadto deal with badhomeworkor midtermgrades.I learnedthat Iam notalways going to getthe resultsthat Iwant,but nomatter what,I haveto persevereand notgive up.2In addition to that,exercising isa greatway to get outofthestressful collegelife thatisall about homework,presentations,and groupprojects.3I personallythink that I wouldgocrazy withoutgoingtothe gymat leastthree timesa week.The reasonmost studentsdo notplay sportsis becausethey feellazy aboutit and donthave theenergy forit.4As amatter offact,exercise pumpsmore oxygenthrough yourbloodand makesyour entiresystem moreactive.5Besides justbeing fun,sports can help youperform betterin school,relax moreandworry less,deal withsetbacks,work betterwith othersand increaseyour energy.A.To sumup,playing collegesports hassome seriousbenefits.B.In short,playing sports canhelpstudents becomemore energetic.C.They helpedme geton verywell withmy teachersand classmates.D.In fact,playing sportshelps studentsrelax andreduce theiranxiety.E.Sports gavemeapositive attitudewhere Isee fallingasawaytolearn.F.They developconnections thatbond togetherpeople fromall walksof life.G.However,the beliefthat theintense exercisewill leaveyou exhaustedis wrong.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了体育运动能带来很多好处根据前文LF“From asocial standpoint,sports area powerfultool thatbrings people可知，此处是讲体育对人们的社交活动有益together andcreatesasenseofcommunity.”故项“他们建立起联系，把各行各业的人联系在一起”切合文意F根据前文
2.E“I learnedthat Iam notalways goingtogetthe resultsthatIwant,but no可知，此处是讲体育锻炼教会作者面对matter what,I haveto persevereand notgive up.失败要有一种积极的态度，故项“运动给了我积极的态度，我把跌倒看作是一种学习的E方式”切合文意根据前文
3.B Inadditiontothat,exercising isa greatwaytoget outofthestressful college可知，此处是讲体育锻life thatis allabouthomework,presentations,and groupprojects.”炼能够让大学生更加充满能量，故项“简而言之，运动可以帮助学生变得更有活力”切B合文意根据前文
4.G“The reasonmost studentsdo notplay sportsis becausethey feellazy aboutit可知，项中的anddonthave theenergy forit.”G“the beliefthat theintense exercisewill leave和前文构成转折关系，对应转折词you exhaustedis wrong”however o根据后文
5.A“Besides justbeing fun,sportscanhelp youperform betterin school,relax moreand worryless,dealwithsetbacks,work betterwith othersand increaseyour可知，此处是总结运动的诸多好处，故项“总而言之，参加大学体育运动有一energy.”A些重要的好处，，。
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