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八年级下册英语第四单元知识点总结学问是人们前进的最大动力,由于有学问,我们知道我们从哪里来,也知道我们将要到哪里去接下来我给大家共享关于(八年级)下册英语第四单元学问,期望对大家有所帮忙!八年级下册英语第四单元学问1重要词汇和句型
14.instead1位于句首,表示“反而,相反”I didn t go to thecinema lastnight.instead,I watcheda footballmatchon TV.The boydidntsing to the music.Instead,he sanghis ownway.2位于句尾,表示“作为代替,而是”Mr smithwas ill,so mrgreen wastaking his class instead.I dont likethis one,please giveme thatinstead.instead of后跟名词,代词,动名词,介词短语.表示“代替,而不是”I havecome insteadof mybrother.He isill.We walkeddown thestairs insteadof takingthe elevator电梯.He studiesin theevening insteadof duringthe day.
15.enter1参与==take partin\joinMore thanone thousandsportsmen entered\took partin thegames.My brotherhopes toenter\join thearmy nextyear.2进入==come into\go intoSheentered\came into the roomwith thesewords.Did yousee someoneenter\go into the house
16.encourage动词,鼓舞,激励encourage sb.to do sth.鼓舞某人做某事Parents shouldencourage childrento dothings bythemselves.Our Englishteacher encouragesus to keep adairy inEnglish.
17.progress名词,“进步,进展“make progress取得进步,取得进展”My parentsare pleasedwith myprogress inlessons.Tom isnow makingmuch\great progressat school.They made no progressin theheavy snow.
18.suggest动词,建议,提议.后跟名词,代词,动名词和从句she suggesteda wayout of the difficulty.he suggestedgoing home.who suggestedyou stayinghere Isuggested weshouldhold ameeting.
19.take an interest indoingsth.对做某事感爱否定表达是take no interest indoingsth.对做某事不感爱好Do youtake aninterest inEnglish Mostchildren takeaninterestin playingcomputer games.He takesnointerestin playingbasketball.be\become interested indoingsth对做某事感爱好I mdeeply interestedin swimming.She becameinterestedinsinging whenshe wasonly7years
20.Three goodways of improving Englishare mentioned.提到了三种提高英语的好方法.ofimproving English是介词短语作定语修饰ways.它相当与动词不定式.Three goodways ofimprovingEnglishare mentioned.===Three goodways toimprove Englishare mentioned.Can youfind away towork outthe problem==Can youfind away ofworking outthe problemFast isanother wayof sayingquick.==Fast isanother wayto sayquick.Mention1动词,“提到,提及,说起”as mentionedabove如上所述He oftenmentioned hispast to me.Nobody mentionedanything tome aboutit.Did shemention whereshe wasgoing Youmentioned inyour letterthat youmight bemoving abroad.As mentionedabove,there aremany goodways tolearn Englishwell.
(2)名词,“提及,说起”The newspapermadenomention ofhim.
21.make friends with sb.和某人交朋友Would youlike to make friendswith usI findit difficulttomakefriendswithBen.八年级下册英语第四单元学问2形容词
一、形容词
(一)形容词的含义表示人或事物的特征、性质、状态的词叫形容词
(二)形容词的用法及位置
1.作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后The nicegirl ismy sister.I havesomething importantto tellyou.
2.少数形容只能作表语不能作定语alone,afraid,ill,asleep,awake,alive,well
3.作表语,放在系动词之后He lookshappy.
4.作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用You mustkeep youreyes closed.Don tmake yourhands dirty.
5.某些形容词放在定冠词the之后,表示一类人常见的词有good,bad,rich,poor,young,old,deaf,blind,black,white,living,dead Theyoung shouldbe politeto theold.Please dont laughat thepoor.
6.某些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式(to+动词原形)glad,happy,pleasedbe sorry,sad,sure,kind+to dosth.ready,afraid,ableeasy,difficult
(三)形容词比较级和最高级的构成
1.规章变化
(1)一般状况,直接在词尾加er\est
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾时,力口r\st
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾时,把y变为i,再加er\est
(4)部分形容词,先双写最终一个辅音字母,再加er\estbig,hot,fat,thin,red,
(5)部分形容词,在前面加more\mostbeautiful,careful,important,delicious,difficult,dangerous
(6)以ly结尾的形容词,在前面加more\mostfriendly(友好的),lonely(孤独的),lovely(可爱的)Likely(有期望的),daily(日常的),lively(有生气的)
2.不规章变化good\wellbetterbest many\muchmorebad\ill------worse--------worst little------less------leastmostfarfarther(较远的)\further(进一步的)------------farthest(最远的)\furthest(最大程度的)oldolder(年纪较大的)\elder(年纪最大的)-------------oldest(较年长的)\eldest(最年长的)
(四)形容词原级的用法
1.说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原形The flowersin thegarden arebeautiful.
2.有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时,用形容词原形The boyis too young.
3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时,用形容词原形确定句A+动词+as+形容词原形+as+B oEnglishis asinteresting asChinese.Xiao Mingis astall as Jim.否定句A+动词+not as\so+形容词原形+as+BoThis bookis notas\so newas thatone.I amnot socareful asLucy.否定句的结构相当于A+动词+less+形容词原形+than+B oHethinks Chineseis lessinteresting thanEnglish.
4.表示“A是B的几倍A+动词+倍数+as+形容词原形+as+B Ourschool isthree timesas bigas theirs.This tableis twiceas longas thatone.
5.“A+动词+Half+as+形容词原形+as+B”表示“A是B的一半”Her room is halfas bigas yours.
(五)、形容词比较级的用法
1.表示两者进行比较时,用形容词比较级A+动词+形容词比较级+than+BLily sroomisbigger thanmine.This mooncakeis nicethan thatone.
2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,Far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级I feeleven worsenow.It ismuch coldertoday thanbefore.
3.表示两者之间“哪一个更、、、which\who is+形容词比较级,A orB Whois taller,L iMing orWang TaoWhich sweateris more beautiful,the yellowone orthe pinkone
4.表示“几倍于”时,用“A+动词+倍数+比较级+than+B”I amthree yearsolder thanyou.
5.表示“两者之间较、、、、、、的一个“,常用“the+比较级”结构Mary is the tallerof thetwins.
6.表示“越来越”时,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用more andmore+形容词原形”It sgetting warmerand warmerin spring.Our hometownis becomingmore andmorebeautiful.longer.Why didthe teacherget angry
2.how about\what about后跟名词代词、动词ing形式1向对方提出建议或恳求How aboutgoing outfor awalkHow aboutsomething toeat2向对方征求意见或看法How about the TVplay How about buyingthehouse now3询问天气或身体状况How aboutthe weatherin HainanIsland How about yourparents Arethey livingwith you4谈话中承接上下文I inforty yearsold.Howaboutyou Vm fromBeijing.Howaboutyou
3.receive U攵至J Thegirl washappy to receive manygifts onherbirthday.receive aletter from==get a letterfrom==heard from收到某人的信
7.表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”The harderhe works,the richerhe is.The morewe gettogether,the happierwe11be.
(六)、形容词最高级的用法
1.三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词最高级形容词最高级前必需加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in\of短语来表示范围He is the strongestof thethree boys.Shanghai is the biggestcity inchina.
2.表示“三者或三者以上的人或物,哪一个最”用句型Which\who is+the+最高级,A,B,or CWhich cityisthemost beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai orFuzhou
3.表示“最....的、、、、、、之一”时,用句型主语+is+one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数Zhou Jielunis oneofthemost popularsingers.
4.形容词最高级前面可加序数词,表示“第几大/长/高等”Changjiang Riveristhefirst longestriver inChina.
5.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词全部格等修饰,此时不用the oThisis ourlast lesson.Yesterday washis busiestday.
6.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义Li Leiisthetallest studentin his class.==Li Leiis tallerthan any other studentin his class.==Li Leiis tallerthan theother students in hisclass.==Li Leiis tallerthan anyoneelse in hisclass.==No oneis astall asLi Lei in hisclass.==No oneis tallerthan Li Leiinhisclass.==Li Leiis tallerthan anyoftheother studentsinhisclass.==LiLeiis tallerthan therest ofstudentsinhisclass.
(七)、--ing形容词与--ed形容词:-ing形容词表示“令人的”,表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰或说明事物如suirprising(令人惊异的),exciting(令人兴奋的),interesting(好玩的)等一ed形容词表示“感到的”,表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人sb.+be+—ed形容词+介词短语如surprised(感到惊异的),excited(感到兴奋的),Interested(感到好玩的)等We areall excitedabouttheexciting news.(A)在同一范围内比较时,必需把主体排解在被比较的范围之外China islarger thananyothercountry inAsia.(在同一范围内)China islarger thanany countryin Africa.(在不同范围内)7年级下册英语第四单元学问3副词用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念,主要修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个(句子)
(一).副词的分类
1.时间副词now,then,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,ago,soon,Immediately,lately,early,sometimes,often,always,usually,already,Yet,ever,never,seldom时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志,需牢记
2.地点副词outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,In,back,off,up,anywhere
3.方式副词quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,fast,again方式副词大多由“形容词+y”构成1程度副词very,quite,rather,too,much,so.・
5.疑问副词when,where,why,how long,how soon,how often,How far.疑问副词常用来构成特别疑问句
6.关系副词when,where,why,how等关系副词常用来引导从句
(一)副词的用法:
1.作状语,用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子Please listentomecarefully.The boyis tooyoung.Luckily,he wasnot badlyhurt.
2.作表语,表示方位上的变化My fatherwill beback ina week.
3.作宾语补足语Let himin,please.
(三)副词的位置
1.一般副词作状语时,放在谓语动词之后,假如谓语动词之后带有宾语,则放在宾语后We allstudy hard.He isdrawing ahorsecarefully.
2.频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前He isalways latefor school.I oftengo tosee mygrandparents onSunday.
3.某些副词为了强调上下句的连接,放在句子之前Suddenly hehad a good idea.
4.enough修饰形容词或副词时,要放在形容词或副词的后面The boyis oldenough togotoschool.Hegotup earlyenough tocatch thetrain.
(四)副词比较级、最高级的用法
1.副词比较级、最高级的构成方法和形容词比较级、最高级的构成方法基本相同
2.表示“A不如B”时,使用A+助动词+not+动词原形+as\so+副词原形+as+B.还可使用A+动词+less+副词原形+than+BBill didnt dohis homeworkas carefullyasJim.==Bill didhis homeworkless carefullythan Jim.
3.副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the oLinTao didbest inEnglish ofall.
(五)易混词辨析
1.hard,hardlyhard意为“努力地,辛苦地,猛烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副词hardly意为“几乎不”,是否定副词As students,we shouldstudy hard.I canhardly catchup withyou,can youwalk slowly
2.too,also,eithertoo一般用于确定句,常放在句尾;also常放在be动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前;either用于否定句,常放在句尾You area student.I ama student,too.They arealso students.I dont likethe film,either.
3.too,enough,sotoo表示“太,很”,too…to…表示“太而不能、、、、、、”enough表示“足够,“形容词/副词+enough to…”表示“足够、、、、、、能、、、、、、”s表示“如此”,“s-that…”表示“如此、、、、、、以致、、、、、、”The manis tooold tolook afterhimself.The boyruns fastenough towin thegame.The camerais soexpensive thatI can t affordit.
4.already,yetalready用于确定句,yet用于否定句和疑问句末尾I havealready finished my homework.==I havefinishedmyhomework already.Have youfinished yourhomework yetI havent hadlunch yet.八年级下册英语第四单元学问点文档内容到此结束,欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人I receiveda letterfrom myparents lastSunday.==I gotaletterfrom myparents lastSunday.==I heardfrom myparents lastSunday.accept接受He couldnt acceptour suggestionsbut ourgifts.She wasvery gladtoreceivethe invitation.He didnt receiveagoodeducation atuniversity.I receivedan invitationto theparty,but Irefused toaccept it.
4.a6--year-old child一个六岁的孩子6-year-old是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,作前置定语,修饰后面的名词child.数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的名词要用单数形式a five-year-old girl一个五岁的女孩a six-foot-deep hole一个六英尺深的洞a two-meter-long ruler一把两米长的尺子a100-meter race一场百米赛跑a ten-story-high building一栋十层高的楼房a two-inch-thickdictionary一本两英寸厚的词典
5.too…to…太而不能too…to…可以与enough to和so…that…转换.与enough to转换时,enough前的形容词,副词必需是too后面形容词,副词的反义词,并使用其否定句式.She istooyoungto do the work.she isnt oldenough to dothework.与so…that…转换时,that后面的从句要用否定形式.Tom istoo tiredto walk any farther.Tom isso tiredthat hecan twalkanyfarther2名词,成本,费用,价钱.at allcosts不惜任何代价;at thecostof以为代价.Living costsare higherin citiesthan thatin thecountry.We muststop itat allcosts.After theearthquake,the soldierstried toreach theareaat thecostof theirlives.
7.pay,spend,cost,take的区分pay花费(多少钱),主语是人.Sb.pay some money forsth.I paid5000yuan forthe computerlast week.Spend花费(多少钱或时间),主语是人.Sb.spend somemoneyon sth.Sb.spend some time(in)doing sth.I spent5000yuan onthe computerlast week.She spent2hours(in)doing herhomework.cost花费(多少钱),主语是物.Sth.cost sb.somemoney.This jacketcost him200dollars.take花费(时间),It takessb.sometimeto dosth.花费某人多少时间做某事How longdoes ittake sb.todosth花费某人多少时间做某事It tookLiu Hong2hours todo herhomework.It takesme10minutes towalk toschool fromhome.It willtake them6months tobuild thebuilding.How longdoes ittake himto plantthe trees
8.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fall asleep,be asleepsleep动词,睡觉,强调动作.I amvery tired.I wantto sleep.He sleptfor12hours yesterday.sleeping,Sleep的现在分词,表示正在睡觉”Don tmake somuch noise.The baby is sleeping.They wokeup thesleeping girlandasked herwhere herparentswere.sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的.I ama littlesleepy.I dlike togoto bed.asleep睡着了的.Theteacher foundTom asleepin classandkept himbehind afterschool.Would youmind turningdown theTV Thebabyisasleep.fall asleep强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一段时间I couldnt fallasleep untilit wasvery latelastnight.He listenedto musicand fellasleep.be asleep表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接一段时间.He wasasleep forthree hours.
9.choose动词,”选择,选择,过去式chose,过去分词chosenchoose todosth.选择做某事cantChoose but只得pick and choose挑挑拣拣There aremany booksto choosefrom.We choosemike asour leader(领导).Will youhelp mechoose adictionaryEveryone can,t choosebut obey(听从).It sher habit(习惯)to pickandchoosewhile shopping.
10.present1礼物,礼品==gift Whynot givehima cardas apresentwhat canI gethim fora birthdaypresent2目前,现在I msorry heis outat present.You havetoforget thepast andstart livingin thepresent.
11.open1动词,打开,开业,开张,呈现It snot rightto openother peoples letters.Would youmind openingthe windowThedoor openstothesouth.This factoryopened in
1998.2形容词,be open开着的,开放的In hisdream theflowers areall open.Most shopsare closedbut severalare stillopen.On weekendsthe swimmingpoolis opentothepublic.close动词,关闭,关上,合上Please closethe doortokeepthe coldout.closed形容词,be closed关着的,关闭的when wegot tothe shopit wasclosed.
12..give away赠送,分发give awaysth to sbAunt Wanggave awaythe candies(糖果)tothekids.John gaveaway hisnotebook tome.(其它)(短语)give up放弃give back归还give off放出,发出(气味)give sthtosb==give sb.sth.把某物给某人