还剩3页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
全国英语专八阅读试题及答案详解全国英语专八阅读试题及答案详解以下是我为大家搜寻整理的全A faithfulfriend ishard tofind.国英语专八阅读试题及答案详解,期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!The Relationshipbetween BrainProcess withMental ExperienceBy1950,the resultsof attemptsto relatebrain processestomental experience appearedrather discouraging.Suchvariations insize,shape,chemistry,conduction speed,excitationthreshold,andthe likeas hadbeen demonstratedin nerve cellsremained negligibleinsignificance forany possiblecorrelationwith themanifolddimensions of mental experience.Near theturn of the century,it hadbeen suggestedby Heringthatdifferent modesof sensation,such aspain,taste andcolor,might becorrelatedwith thedischarge ofspecific kindsof nervousenergy,However,subsequently developedmethods ofrecording andanalyzingnerve potentialsfailedto revealany suchqualitative diversity.Itwas possibleto demonstrateby othermethodsrefined structuraldifferencesamong neurontypes;however,proof waslacking thatthequality oftheimpulse orits conductionwas influencedby thesedifferences,which seemedinstead toinfluencethe developmentalpatterningof theneural circuits.Although qualitativevarianceamongnerve rigidlydisproved,the doctrinewas generallyabandoned infavorof theopposing view,namely,that nerve impulses areessentiallyvhomogeneous inquality and are transmittedas“common currencythroughoutthe nervoussystem.According tothis theory,it isnot thequalityof the sensory nerve impulses that determinesthe diverseconscioussensations theyproduce,but,rather,the differentareasof thebrain intowhich theydischarge,and thereis someevidenceforthis view.In oneexperiment,when anelectric stimuluswas appliedtoa givensensory fieldofthe cerebralcortex ofa conscioushumansubject,it produceda sensationof theappropriatemodality forthatparticular locus,that is,a visualsensation from the visualcortex,an auditorysensationfrom theauditory cortex,and soon.Otherexperiments revealedslight variationsin thesize,number,arrangement,and interconnectionofthe nervecells,but asfor aspsychoneuralcorrelationswere concerned,the obvioussimilarities ofthesesensory fieldsto eachother seemedmuchmore remarkablethan anyofthe minutedifferences.However,cortical asdiverse asthose ofred,black,green andwhite,or touch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,posture andpressureapparently mayarise throughactivation ofthe samecorticalareas.What seemedto remainwas somekind ofdifferential patterningeffectsin thebrainexcitation:it isthe differencein thecentraldistribution ofimpulsesthatcounts.In short,Braintheory suggestedacorrelation betweenmentalexperienceand theactivity ofrelativelyhomogenousnerve-cell unitsconducting essentiallyhomogeneousimpulses throughhomogeneouscerebral tissue.To matchthemultiple dimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologists couldonlypoint toa limitlessvariation inthe spatiotemporalpatterning ofnerveimpulses.
1.Up until1950,efforts toestablish thatbrain processesandmental experienceare relatedwouldmost likelyhave beenmet with[A]vexation[B]irritability[C]discouragement[D_neutrality
2.The authormentions“common currency”primarily inorder toemphasizethe_A]lack ofdifferentiation amongnerveimpulsesin human beings.[B]similarities inthe viewsofthescientists._C]similarity ofsensations ofhumanbeings.[D]continuous passageof nerveimpulses throughthe nervoussystem.
3.Which ofthe followingtheories isreinforced by the depictionofthe experimentin lines16-19_A]Cognitive experiencemanifested bysensorynerveimpulses areinfluencedbythearea ofthebrain stimulated.
[8]Qualitative diversityin nervepotentials cannow bestudiedmore accurately._C]Sensory stimuliare heterogeneousandaregreatly influencedbythenervesensors theyproduce._D]Differentiation inneural modalitiesinfluences thelengthof nervetransmissions.
4.It canbe inferredfromthepassage thatwhich ofthe followingexhibitthe LEASTqualitativevariation.A]Nerve cells.[B]Nerve impulses._C]Cortical areas.[C]Spatial patternsof nerveimpulses.答案详解令人绝望答案见文章的第一句话“到了年,大脑活动
1.C.1950过程和精神感受有关系的试验结果看起来令人懊丧”令人恼火激怒中立均不对A.B.D.在人的神经脉冲中缺少变异(差别)本义
2.A.Common currency是一般通用这里的上下问打算了它的含义“无变异脉冲(一般脉冲)”其次段“虽然神经能量中的质变理论从没有受到严峻的驳斥,但这一学说被普遍放弃,而赞成其对立的观点;那就是神经脉冲在质量沙锅内基本相像,并作为无变异脉冲(一般脉冲)经神经系统传送”所以一般脉冲就是指神经脉冲无变异,在质量上基本相像科学家观点上的相像性人类感觉相像性神经脉冲连续不B.C.D.断通过神经系统这三项和无关common currency受刺激的大脑部位影响感觉神经脉冲所显示的认知感受在其
3.A.次道题译文下面“依据这一理论,不是感觉神经脉冲的质量打算它们所产生的各种有意识的感觉而是由脉冲在大脑中释放的不同部位打算,并且有证据证明这一论点”见难句译注3现在对神经潜力的质量变化可以进行更精彩的讨论感官刺激是B.C.异源的,并深受它们所产生的神经感觉(感受器)的影响神经形态上D.的差异影响神经传递长度神经脉冲这在第题答案中译注(即其次段)已有明确的
4.B.2A答复“神经脉冲在质量上基本相像……”神经细胞见难句译注“有可能用其他方法来显示神经细胞类A.2,型之间微小的结构差异”外皮区域(部位)神经脉冲空间模式C.D.见难句译注和本文最终一句“为了和精神感受多样性吻合,心理学家只5能指明神经脉冲时空模式上的无限差异”这说明,它不是^Leastqualitative variation.文档内容到此结束,欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。