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英语四级单项选择阅读理解附讲解Part II Reading Comprehension Skimming andScanningWhy IntegrityMattersWhatis IntegrityMIntegrityis definedas adherenceto moral andethical principles;honest y.The keyto integrityisconsistency—not onlysetting highpersonalstand ards foroneself honesty,responsibility,respect forothers,fairness but als oliving uptothosestandards eachday.One whohas integrityis boundby and followsmoraland ethicalstandardseven whenmaking lifeshard choices,choices whichmay becloudedby stress,pressure tosucceed,or temptation.What happensif welie,cheat,steal,or violateother ethical standards Wef eeldisappointedin ourselves and ashamed.But alapse of integrity alsoaff ectsourrelationships withothers.Trust isessential inany importantrelations hip,whetherpersonal or professional.Who cantrustsomeone whois dishonest orunfair Thus,integrity must be one of our most importantgoals.Risky BusinessWeare eachresponsible forour owndecisions,even ifthe decision-making processhas beenunderminedby stressor peerpressure.The realtest ofcharacter iswhether wecan learnfromour mistake,by understandingwhy we act edaswe did,and thenexploring waysto avoidsimilarproblems in the future.Makingethical decisions is acritical partof avoidingfuture problems.We must learntorecognizerisks,because ifwe cant see the risks weretaking,w ecant makeresponsiblechoices.To identifyrisks,we needto know the rules and beaware ofthe facts.For example,one who doesnt knowthe rulesabou tplagiarism mayaccidentallyuse wordsor ideaswithoutgiving propercredi t,or onewho failstokeep carefulresearch notesmay unintentionallyfail toquote andcite sourcesasrequired.But thefact thatsuch aviolation isHunin tentionaldoesnot excusethemisconduct.Ignorance isnot adefense.nBut EverybodyDoes ItMostpeople whoget introuble doknowtherulesandfacts,but manageto foolthemselvesabout the risks theyretaking byusing excuses:Everyone elsedoes it,Im nothurtinganyone,or Ireally needthis grade.Excuses canget veryelaborate:MI knowIm lookingatanothers exam,even thoughIm supposedto keepmy eyesonmy ownpaper,but thatsnotcheating becauseIm justchecking mya nswers,not copying,We mustbe honestabout ouractions,and avoidexcuse s.If wefoolourselves into believing werenot doinganything wrong,we cantsee therealchoice weremaking--and thatleads tobad decisions.To avoidfooling yourself,watch outfor excuses and trythis test:Ask howyo uwouldfeel ifyour actions werepublic,and anyonecould bewatching overyo urshoulder.Would youfeelproud orashamed ofyouractionsIf youdrathe rhideyour actions,thats agood indicationthatyoure takinga riskand rationalizing ittoyourself.Evaluating RisksTodecide whethera riskis worthtaking,you mustexamine theconsequences,inthe futureaswell asright now,negative aswell aspositive,and toothers aswell astoyourself.Those whotake risks they later regretusually focus on immediatebenefitswhats init forme,andsimply haventconsidered what mightgo wrong.The consequences of gettingcaught areserious,and mayi ncludea0n ona testorassignment;an Fin theclass;Suspension orDismissal fromschool;transcriptnotation;andatarnished reputation.In fact,when youbreaka ruleor law,youlose control over yourlife,and giveothers thepower toimposepunishment:youhave nocontroloverwhat thatpunish meritmight be.This is anextremelyprecarious andvulnerable position.T heremay besome mattersoflife anddeath,or highestprinciple,which might justifysuch arisk,but therearentmany thingsthat fallin thiscategory.Getting AwayWith It-Or NotThose who dont get caught pay an even higher price.A cheaterdoesnt learnfromthe test,depriving him/herself ofan education.Cheating underminesco nfidenceandindependence:the cheaterisafraud,and knowsthat withoutdishonesty,he/she wouldhave failed.Cheatingdestroys self-esteem andin tegrity,leavingthe cheaterashamed,guilty,and afraidof gettingcaught.W orstof all,a cheaterwho doesnt get caught thefirst timeusually cheatsagai n,notonly becausehe/sheis fartherbehind,but alsobecause itseems easierThisslippery slopeoferoding ethicsand biggerrisks leadsonly todisast er.Eventually,the cheatergets caught,and thelater he/she getscaught,the worsetheconsequences.Students havebeen dismissedfromschool becauset heydidnt getthissimple message:Honesty is the ONLYpolicy thatworks.Cheating HurtsOthers,TooCheaters oftenfeel invisible,as iftheir actionsdont countand dontreally hurtanyone.Butindividual choiceshave aprofound cumulativeeffect.Chea tingcanspread likea disease,anda cheatercan encourageothers justby being seenfromacross theroom.Recent statisticssuggest30%or moreof college studentscheat.If aclass isgraded ona curve,cheating hurtsothersgra des.Even ifthereis nocurve,cheating poisonsthe classroom,and othersmayfeel pressuredtojoin in.If Idont cheat,I cantcompete withthose whodo.H Cheatingalsohas adestructive impacton teachers.The realreward ofgood teachingis seeingstudentslearn,buta cheater says,Im notinterested inwhat youretrying toteach;all Icare aboutisstealing agrade,regardless ofthe effecton others.The endresult isa blatantandde structiveattackon thequality ofyour education.Finally,cheating canhurt thereputationof theUniversity,and harmthose whoworked hardfor theirde gree.Why IntegrityMattersIf cheatingbecomes thenorm,then we are inbig trouble.We mustrely onth ehonesty andgood faith of othersevery day.If not,we couldntput moneyi nthebank,buy food,clothing,or medicinefrom others,drive acrossa bridge,get onaplane,go tothe dentist—the listisendless.There aremany examplesofthe vastharmthat iscaused whenindividuals forgetorignore theeffec ttheir dishonestycanhave.The savingsand loanscandal,the stockmark etandjunk bondswindles,and,of course,Watergate,have underminedthefaithofmanyAmericansin the integrity of political andeconomic leadersand societyas awhole.Suchincidents takea tremendoustoll onour nationsecon omyand ourindividualwell-being.Forexample,but forthe savingsand loandebacle,there mightbefunds availableto reducethenational debtand payfor education.In sum,we allhave acommon stakeinourschool,our community,and oursociety.Ouractions domatter.It isessential thatweactwith integrityin order tobuildthe kindof worldinwhich wewant tolive.
1.A personof integritynot onlysets highmoralandethicalstandards butalso■A sticksto themin theirdaily lifeBmakes themknown toothersC understandstheir truevalues Dseesthat others also follow them
2.What roledoes integrityplay inpersonal andprofessional relationshipsAIt helpsto createteam spiritBIt facilitatescommunicationC Itis thebasis ofmutual trustDIt inspiresmutual respect
3.why mustwe learnto identify the riskswe aregoing totakeA.To ensurewe make responsible choices.B.To avoidbeing overwhelmedby stress.C.so thatwe dontbreak anyrules.D.so thatwe dontrun intotrouble.
4.Violation ofa ruleis misconducteven ifA.it hascaused noharm.B.it isclaimed tobe unintentional.C.it hasgone unnoticed.D.it iscommitted withgood intentions.
5.What shouldone doif hedoesnt wishto foolhimselfA.Avoid makingexcuses.B.Listen toother peoplesadvice.C.Make hisintensions public.D.Have otherswatch overhis shoulder.
6.Those whotake risksthey regret later on.A.will oftenbecome morecautiousB.are usuallyvery aggressiveC.value immediate benefits most.D.may loseeverything in the end
7.According tothe author,a cheaterwhodoesntget caughtright awaywill.A paymore dearlyBbecome moreconfidentC bewidely admiredDfeel somewhatlucky
8.Cheaters atexam dontcare abouttheir education,all theycare aboutis howto
9.Integrity mattersin thatall socialactivities rely on peoples
10.Many Americanslost faithintheintegrity oftheir politicalleaders as a・result ofPartIIReadingComprehensionSkimmingandScanning
1.A personofintegritynot onlysets highmoraland ethicalstandardsbutal so.A sticksto themin theirdaily lifeBmakes themknown toothersC understandstheir truevaluesDsees thatothersalsofollowthem【答案】A sticksto themin theirdaily life【解析】第一题的答案就在全文第一句关键词是,关键句是not only....But also....The keytointegrityis consistency—not onlysetting highpersonal standardsforoneselfhonesty,responsibility,respect forothers,fairness butalso living upto those这里的和选项里的属于同义替换standards eachday.live upto stickto
2.What roledoes integrityplay inpersonal andprofessional relationshipsA Ithelpsto createteam spiritBIt facilitatescommunicationC Itis thebasis ofmutual trustDIt inspiresmutual respect【答案】C Itisthebasis ofmutual trust【解析】关键词是关键句是personal andprofessional,Trust isessential inanyimportantrelationship,whether personalorprofessional.Who cantrust someonewhois dishonestorunfair Thus,integrity mustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.结合紧接着的问句,我们很容易锁定这个选项trust
3.why mustwe learnto identifytheriskswearegoing totakeA.To ensurewe makeresponsible choices.B.To avoidbeing overwhelmedby stress.C.so thatwe dontbreak anyrules.D.so thatwe dontrun intotrouble.【答案】A.To ensurewe makeresponsible choices.【解析】关键词是关键句是identifytherisks,Making ethicaldecisionsisa criticalpartof avoidingfutureproblems.We must learnto recognizerisks,because ifwe所以答案很明显是cantseetherisksweretaking,we cantmakeresponsiblechoices.A
4.Violation ofa ruleis misconducteven ifA.it hascaused noharm.B.it isclaimed tobe unintentional.C.it hasgone unnoticed.D.it iscommitted withgood intentions.【答案】B.it isclaimed tobe unintentional.【解析】关键词是关键句是misconduct,But thefact thatsuch aviolation is和原文意义高度一致的,就是这个unintentional”doesnot excusethe misconduct.因此答案是unintentional B.it isclaimedtobeunintentional.o
5.What shouldone doif hedoesnt wishto foolhimselfA.Avoid makingexcuses.B.Listen toother peoplesadvice.C.Make hisintensions public.D.Have otherswatch overhis shoulder.【答案】A.Avoid makingexcuses.【解析】关键词是关键句是fool oneself,To avoidfooling yourself,watch outfor这里的和选项里的属于同义替换所以excusesandtrythis testwatch outfor avoid答案是A
6.Those whotake risksthey regretlater on.A.will oftenbecome morecautiousB.are usuallyvery aggressiveC.value immediatebenefits most.D.may loseeverything inthe end【答案】C.value immediatebenefits most.【解析】关键词是关键句是regretlater,Those whotakeriskstheylaterregret很明显,选项usually focusonimmediate benefitswhats init forme”value是正确答案这里的和属于同义替换immediatebenefitsmost valuefocuson
7.According tothe author,acheaterwhodoesntget caughtright awaywill_A paymore dearlyBbecome moreconfidentC bewidely admiredDfeel somewhatlucky【答案】A paymore dearly【解析】关键词是,关键句是getcaught这里的和选项里Thosewhodontgetcaughtpayanevenhigher price.higherprice的属于同义替换所以答案是more dearlyA
8.Cheaters atexam dontcare abouttheir education,all theycare aboutis how tosteal agrade.【答案】stealagrade【解析】关键词care about关键句Im notinterested inwhat youretrying toteach;all Icare aboutis stealingagrade,regardless ofthe effecton others.
9.Integrity mattersin thatall socialactivities rely on peopleshonesty and goodfaith.【答案】honestyandgood faith【解析】关键词是关键句是relyon,We mustrelyonthe honestyandgoodfaithof otherseveryday.
10.Many Americanslost faithintheintegrity oftheir politicalleaders asa resuitof theWatergatescandal.【答案】the Watergatescandal【解析】关键词是关键句是political andeconomic leaders,Watergate,haveundermined thefaith ofmanyAmericans intheintegrityofpoliticaland economicleadersand societyasawhole.。