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年月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题20194课程代码00830I.Directions:Read each of the following statementscarefully.Decide whichone of the fourchoicesbest completesthe statementand blackenthe correspondingletter A,B,C orD on theANSWER SHEET.2%X10=20%
1.Linguistics isgenerally definedas the study of language.A.synchronic B.scientific C.specific D.diachronic
2.aims todiscover howspeech soundsin alanguage formpatterns andhow thesesoundsare usedto conveymeaning inlinguistic communication.A.Phonetics B.Phonology C.Phone D.Phoneme
3.The AmericanSLA scholarproposed thedistinction betweenacquisition andlearning.A.F.de SaussureB.N.ChomskyC.S.Krashen D.B.F.Skinner
4.The basicunit in the studyof morphologyisA.phone B.word C.phoneme D.morpheme
5.One of major mentalfunctions controlledby the right hemisphereof thebrain isA.temporal orderingB.holistic reasoningC.calculation D.analytic reasoning
6.Traditionally thethree majortypes ofsentences are,and sentences.A.full/partial/incomplete B.affirmative/interrogative/imperativeC.positive/negative/neutral D.simple/coordinate orcompound/complex
7.In sociolinguistics,the morestandard varietyis calledthe variety,which isusedfor moreformal orserious matters,such asspeeches madein government,the media,school,or church.A.low B.high C.authoritative D.official
8.The senserelation thatholds between the twowordsfiower androse isA.polysemy B.homonymy C.hyponymy D.synonymy
9.While the meaning of a sentenceis abstract,and decontextualized,themeaningof anisconcrete,and context-dependent.A.word B.phrase C.idiom D.utterance
10.Historical linguisticsis thesubfield oflinguistics thatstudies languagechange,therefore,itmainly adoptsa approach.A.diachronic B.synchronic C.descriptive D.prescriptiveIL Directions:Fill in the blankon theANSWER SHEETin eachofthefollowing statementswithone word,the firstletter ofwhich is already givenas aclue.Note thatyou areto Hllin ONEwordonly,and youare notallowed tochange theletter given.1%X10=10%
11.D featuresrefer tothe definingproperties ofhuman languagethat distinguishitfrom anyanimal systemof communication.
12.English consonantscan beclassified eitherin termsofmof articulationor intermsof placeof articulation.
13.Language acquisitionis concernedwith languaged inhumans.
14.Bound morphemesinclude twotypes:roots anda
15.The brainis divided into tworoughly symmetricalhalves,called h,one ontherightand oneonthe left.
16.The theoryof CaseCondition accountsfor thefact thatn phrasesappear onlyinsubject andobject positions.
17.A particularr maybe usedby aparticular groupof people,usually sharingthesame occupationlike doctors,teachers,and lawyers,or thesame interests,such asstamp collectors,football fans.
18.R meanswhat alinguistic formrefers toin thereal,physical world;it dealswith therelationshipbetweenthelinguistic elementand thenon-linguistic worldof experience.
19.According toJohn Austin,p weresentences thatdid notstate afact ordescribe astateand werenot verifiable.
20.It isgenerally acceptedthat thehistory ofthe Englishlanguage isdividedintothe periodsof OEnglish,Middle Englishand ModemEnglish.IIL Directions:Judge whethereachofthefollowingstatements istrue orfalse.Put aT fortrue orFfor falseontheANSWER SHEET.If youthink astatement isfalse,you mustexplain whyyouthink soand thengive thecorrect version.2%x10=20%
21.According toF.de Saussure,parole isconcrete,while langueis abstract.
22.There aretwo nasalsin English:[m][n].
23.Studies ofthe effectof formalinstruction ingeneral supportthe hypothesisthat instructiondecidesSLA.
24.Since acompound isa word,its componentscannot bewritten separately.
25.For mostindividuals,the lefthemisphere isdominant forlanguage,regardless ofhandiness.
26.The arrangementof wordsin alinear sequenceentails thatsentences aresimply linearly-structured.
27.A euphemismisamild,direct orless offensiveword orexpression substitutedwhen thespeakeror writerfears moreindirect wordingmight beharsh,unpleasantly offensive.
28.When twowords areidentical inspelling,they arehomophones.
29.If onesays whathe believesto befalse,he violatesthe maximof quantity.
30.The mostvigorous andon-going changeinthehistorical developmentofalanguage isthechange inits vocabulary.IV.Directions:Explain thefollowing termsand giveexamples forillustration whereappropriate.3%x10=30%
31.applied linguistics
32.International PhoneticAlphabet IPA
33.language transfer
34.inflectional affixes
35.linguistic lateralization
36.branching nodes
37.semantics
38.illocutionary act
39.historical linguistics
40.lingua francaV.Directions:Answer thefollowing questions.10%x2=20%
41.Of thetwo mediaoflanguage,speech andwriting,which ismore basicintheview ofmodemlinguistics Explainthe reasons.
42.What arethe majorviews concerningthestudyof meaningExplain thembriefly.。