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Unit1Science Fiction目标导航®重点词汇阅读单词
1.ridiculous⑼•.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
2.absurd她•.荒谬的;荒唐的
3.ladder
72.梯子；阶梯
4.whereas c、喉然而；但是；尽管
5.rumourn.谣言;传闻
6.presume
5.假定；假设
7.faren.车费；船费；飞机票价
8.alien加外星人（生物）；外国人切•・陌生的；外星的；外国的
9.blurred画.模糊不清的；难以区分的
10.inaction n.无行动；不采取措施
11.bonus n.意外收获；奖金；红利
12.nail n.指甲；趾甲；钉子”（用钉子）钉牢；固定
13.suspend近.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
14.gramme n.克（重量单位）
15.venue〃.活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）
16.panel〃.控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组
17.inch AZ.英寸（长度单位，等于
2.54厘米）
18.handkerchiefn.手帕；纸巾
19.lever
77.操纵杆；杠杆
20.grip vLH.紧握；抓紧
21.hazyc@.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
22.（烟、气等的）一缕；少量；喘息
23.jolt上震动;摇晃；颠簸W.让（使）震动；摇晃
24.flip-历・（使）快速翻转；（用手指）轻抛
25.stun遍使震惊,使昏迷
26.overstatement n.夸大；夸张
27.Isaac Asimov艾萨克•阿西莫夫
28.Braille（alsobraille）布拉耶目文（凸点符号）
29.The Three-Body Problem《三体》4be to blame常用主动表示被动Who is to blamefor startingthe fire谁应为放火受责备？［即学即练4］用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The chairis comfortablesit on.2The driveris blamefor theaccident happeningjust now.
③The oldman foundthe computerwas hardoperate.©We havefour readingpassages completein thecoming holiday.【答案】l.to sit
2.toblame
3.to operate
4.to complete
四、动词・ing的被动形式动词-ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时，要用动词-ing的被动形式包括其一般形式和完成形式
（一）动词・ing被动形式的构成形式用法一般式being done被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生having been done完成式被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前The buildingbeing builtwill beour schoollibrary.正在建造的那座大楼将是我们学校的图书馆Having beeninvited,Mr.Li wentthere togive aspeech thoughhe wasbusy.李先生受邀去那儿做演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了［即学即练5］用所给动词的适当形式填空
①warn abouttyphoon,the fishermensailed for the nearestharbor.
②The questiondiscuss nowhas somethingto dowith nature.［答案］
1.Having beenwarned
2.being discussed二动词・ing被动形式的用法动词-ing的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语She doesntremember havingever beengiven achance togo abroad.作宾语她不记得曾被给过出国的机会Youll findthe topicbeing discussedevery where.作宾语补足语你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题Being selectedChairman of the students1union madehim feelproud.作主语被选为学生会主席，他很自豪Having beentold manytimes,he stillrepeated thesame mistakes.作状语被告知多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误What madehis parentshappy washis beingadmitted toa famousuniversity.作表语让他父母高兴的是他被一所名牌大学录取了The museumbeing repairedwill bereopened tovisitors nextyear.作定语正在维修的博物馆明年将开始接待访客［名师点津］在动词-ing被动式前加否定副词not便可构成其否定形式Tony wasveny unhappyfor nothaving beeninvited to the party.作宾语托尼因未受邀请参加晚会甚为不满Not beingallowed togo outmakes himvery angry.作主语不被允许出去，他非常生气［名师点津］与作定语的区别being done,to be done doneto bedone作定语一般表示未来的动作；done表示被动完成的动作；being done表示被动的、正在进行的动作The problemto be discussed=which will bediscussed at the meeting is very important.会上将要讨论的问题非常重要The problemdiscussed=which wasdiscussedat themeeting isvery important.会上讨论过的问题非常重要The problembeing discussed=which isbeing discussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.会上正在讨论的问题非常重要［即学即练6］用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I stillremember taketo theGreat Walland whatI sawthere.
②hitby the big boyon thenose,the littleboy beganto cry.31heard thissong singin Englishthen.［答案］
1.being taken
2.Having beenhit
3.being sung
五、几种特殊用法
1.在deserve,need,require,want等词之后，总是用动词-ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于“to be+过去分词”The blackboardneeds cleaning.=The blackboardneeds to be cleaned,黑板需要擦干净The brokenwindow wantsrepairing.=The brokenwindow wantsto berepaired.那个破窗户需要修理
2.be worth后也常跟动词-ing的主动形式表达被动意义The bookis worthreading again.=The bookis worthyof beingread again.=The bookis worthyto beread again.这本书值得再读一遍
3.动词-ing被动式的复合结构当动词-ing被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格I amveiy pleasedat you/your having been honoredwith amedal.我很高兴你获得了一枚奖牌The decisionhaving beenmade,the nextproblem washow tomake a good plan.决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了［即学即练7］用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The roadis coveredwith somefallen treesand theyrequire removeimmediately.
②The countryhas alreadysent upthree unmannedspacecraft,the mostrecent onelaunch atthe end of last year.
③If athing isworthy ofdo,it isworth dowell.【答案】
1.removing/to beremoved
2.havingbeenlaunched
3.being done,doing
30.Hugo Award雨果奖重点单词
1.fiction n.小说；虚构的事
2.integrity诚实正直；完整；完好
3.dignity n.庄重；庄严；尊严
4.salary n.薪水；薪金
5.saleswoman
72.女售货员；女推销员
6.dismiss”.让（某人）离开；解散;解雇;消除
7.weekly必・.每周的〃・周刊
8.chairwoman n.女主席；女董事长；女委贝长
9.flour小面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉
10.salesman售货员；推销员
11.superior脸.更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的
12.labour劳动（者）；体力劳动应.奋斗；努力工作
13.leathern.皮革；［p/・］皮衣；皮外套
14.backwards〃小.向后；倒着；往回
15.niece〃.侄女；外甥女
16.fetch（去）拿来;（去）请来
17.lamp/
1.灯；台灯
18.pace n.速度；步伐；节奏
5.确定速度；调整节奏
19.random4力•.随机的；不可思议的
20.maximum必•.最大极限的机最大里；最大限度词汇拓展
1.appointment n.预约；约会；委任一appoint”・任命；委派；指定；约定
2.guilty〃/内疚的；有罪的;有过失的一＞guilt内疚
3.declare以表明；宣称；公布一declaration〃.宣称；声明
4.calculate可.计算；核算；预测—calculator计算器-calculations.计算
5.division n.分开；分隔；差异；除（法）-divide分开；分散;分配；分享
6.urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动以催促；力劝；大力推荐一urgent,紧急的；急迫的
7.explode应・泣,爆炸;爆破一explosion爆炸；（感情）爆发；激增
8.mud n.泥；泥浆—muddy泥泞的重点词组
1.test out检验；测试
2.more like更像是；更接近
4.pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对
6.takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
8.turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
9.fall away（逐渐）减少；消失
10.have anurge to有强烈的欲望做某事重点句型
1.As sheturned around,there stoodGladys Claffern.她一转身，就看到格拉迪丝・克拉芬站在那儿
2.She heardhim declarethat hedid notwant toleave herthe nextday,and that he feltmore thanjust thedesireto pleaseher.她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她
3.It was at tenoclock todaythat thefirst of all TimeMachines beganits career.今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用
4.Looking aroundI sawmy laboratoryexactly asbefore.9环顾四周，我看到我的实验室和从前一模一样
5..It feltlike I was being driven fast on a winding road.视知识精讲这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰知识点的.内疚的;有罪的；有过失的01guilty先练基础——单句语法填空lWhat greatlystunned mewas thathe wasguilty acrime andwas putin prison.21felt guiltymy conflictwith mydear friendand I must apologizeto him.【答案】l.of
2.for/at/about•be guilty of犯有罪be/feel guiltyfor/at/about…对/为感到内疚/有愧•guilt n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行再提能力——完美写作•一句多译,背诵⑶她说“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶”，脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水
①“But I have cheatedmy grandmother,“said she,and tears of guiltflowed down her cheeks.并歹U句
②“But I have cheatedmy grandmother,,said she,tears ofguilt flowingdownhercheeks.独立主格结构知识点2urge强烈的欲望；冲动催促；力劝；大力推荐【先练基础】——单句语法填空lIt isstrongly urged that all the lampsturn outduring thenight.2After Ihave receivedmy bonus,Ihave a strongurge buymany sciencefictions.3My bossurged mecalculate the salaries ofall the salesmen and saleswomen.=My bossurged thatI calculatethesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.［答案］
1.should beturned2・to buy3,to calculate,should calculate•have/feel anurge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事•urge sb.to dosth.催促某人做某事urge that...should dosth.极力主张/强调做某事It isurgedthat...should dosth.极力主张/强调做某事•urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的【再提能力】——完美写作・一句多译・背诵⑷家长应该积极督促孩子利用这个机会参加户外活动©Parents shouldactively urgetheir childrento take advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities.urgesb.to do
②Parents shouldactively urge that theirchildren shouldtakeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.urgethat...知识点根据；以的方式基准3on a...basis【先练基础】——单句语法填空1They testout themachine aregular basisin casethere maybe somethingwrong withit.2On thebasis thesefacts,we canconclude thatthe ridiculousrumor wasspread by my niece.【答案】Lon
2.ofon aregular basis例行地；有规律地；定期地on a daily/weekly basis每天/每周on thebasis of/that.・.以为基石出【再提能力】——完美写作•词汇升级・背诵3简单表达He hasformed thehabit ofgetting upearly andexercising everyday,which enableshim tokeep physicallyhealthy.高级表达He hasformed thehabit ofgetting upearly andexercising onadailybasis,which enableshim tokeep physicallyhealthy.知识点占上风；取而代之；接管；接手4take overtake off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功take on呈现；雇用；承担take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留takeup占去；占据；开始从事根据句意用短语的正确形式完成下面语段takeAfterthe firmfrom hisfather,Tom somescientific ideasandsome experiencedand hard-working workers,which suggestedthat his firm wouldsoon.Tom heldthe strongbelief thathisfirmwould anew lookin thenear future.【答案】
1.taking over,took in,took on,takeoff，take on知识点关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是5turn out【先练基础】——一词多义写出下列句子中的汉语意思turn outlHeturned outto beguiltyofhis meanwords andtearsofregret blurredhis eyes.结果是2Keep inmind thatyou mustturn outthe lampin yourroom whenyou leave.关掉；熄、灭3The bossdeclared thatallthestaff mustturn outfor themeeting.出席；在场4The factoryturned outtwice asmany TVsets thisyear aslastyear.生产；制造turn down拒绝；关小；调低turn in上交turn over翻身；移交;转变turn to求助于；转向turn up出现；调高【再提能力】——完美写作•完成句子/单句写作•背诵5所有的候选人必须在截止日期前交上申请表和相关材料All thecandidates mustturn inthe applicationforms andrelevant materialsbefore thedeadline.⑹有如此多的数学难题要解决，我必须向我的老师求助With somany difficultmath problemsto handle,I mustturn tomy teacherfor help.⑺你最好按时出现，或者比约定的时间早几分钟You hadbetter turnup punctuallyorafew minutesearlie】than theappointed time.知识点多于，超过；不仅仅；非常6more than【先练基础】——一词多义写出下列句子中的汉语意思more thanlShebought more than tenhandkerchiefs andtwo pairsof leathershoes ata time,which madeher motherexplode withanger.多于；超过21am more than gladto helpyou analyzethe prosandconsofthechoice youhave made.非常3He is more thanmy teacher；he isalso myfriend.不仅仅•morethan+数词，表示“超过;不止“，相当于overmore than+名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅”，相当于not onlymorethan+形容词/副词，意为“非常，很，相当于very•more Athan B与其说B不如说A【再提能力】——完美写作•语段填空・背诵41would be morethandelighted我会非常高兴if youcould comeand joinin mybirthday partyat7p.m.next Fridayatmy home.There willbemorethan tenfriends将会有十几个朋友.The partyismorethan forfun派对不仅仅是为了玩；it isalso formutual communication.So pleaseaccept mysincere invitation.知识点修辞之明喻在读后续写中的运用
7.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰It felUlkeI was beingdrivenfastonawindingroad在读后续写中可以适当采用明喻这一修辞方法，增加故事情节的生动性明喻主要采用like,aso【能力提升】——完美写作•完成句子•背诵⑴当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他的笑容灿烂得如宝石一样闪闪发光When heheard ustalking aboutthe colorfullife,the smileon hisface shonelike adiamond.⑵它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样It murmuredin asoft voicelike alittle girlwhispering toher mother.⑶汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会Tom wasas sickasadog,and couldntgo tothe party.能语法精讲被动语态英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态［观察例句］
1.It wasgoing to be testedout byLarrys wife,Claire.
2.All thework hasbeen finishedby now.
3.Now shewasbeinglooked afterby arobot thatlooked sohuman,and itwas disturbing.
4.You areinvited tomake aspeech inour school.
5.Larry persuadedher thatthe robotwouldnt harmher orallow herto beharmed.［归纳用法］
1.例句1中的黑体词部分为过去将来时的被动形式，其构成是was/were goingto+be+done
2.例句2中的黑体词部分为现在完成时的被动形式，其构成是has/have+been+done
3.例句3中的黑体词部分为过去进行时的被动形式，其构成是was/were+being+done
4.例句4中的黑体词部分为一般现在时的被动形式，其构成是is/are+done
5.例句5中的黑体词部分为动词不定式一般式的被动形式，其构成是to+be+doneo
一、被动语态的基本构成和用法被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+done一般过去时was/were+done一般将来时shall/will/am/is/are goingto+be+done过去将来时should/would/was/were goingto+be+done现在进行时am/is/are+being+done过去进行时was/were+being+done现在完成时have/has+been+done过去完成时had+been+done将来完成时shall/will+have+been+done过去将来完成时should/would+have+been+doneEveryone isexpected toobey thefollowing rules.希望大家遵守以卜规定Some volunteerswillbesent tothe remotevillage tohelp improvethe education there.一些志愿者将被派往那个偏远的村庄来帮助提高那里的教育水平English lessonsare beingbroadcast onthe radio.收音机上正在播英语课程The workwill have been flnishedby the endofnext month.到下个月底这项工作将会已经完成［即学即练1］用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The touristsaccompany bya guidewhen theytravelled inBeijing.
②Heenvy bymany men,because hehas abig house,a carand agood family.
③The studentshavebeenworking hardon theirlessons andtheir effortsreward withsuccess intheend.
二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题X.否定词not的位置在第一个助动词或情态动词之后He wasextremely disappointedto hearthathewould notbe givena doctorsdegree.听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点
2.“get+过去分词”也表被动We gotseparated whenwe enteredthebighall.我们进入大厅时被挤散了
3.“be+过去分词”并非都是被动语态系动词be,feel,seem,look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态Iminterested inmathematics.我对数学感兴趣He seemsunsatisfied withhis work.他似乎对自己的工作不满意某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义
4.有些动词如read,write,clean,wash,iron,burn,draw,cook,keep,cut,open,blow,peeL sell,act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well,easily,smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时The doordoesn*t openeasily,门不容易打开Bikes ofthat kindsell well.那种自行车好卖动词短语
5.动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词The oldman wasoften laughedat.那位老人经常受人嘲笑不可省掉介词at［即学即练2］用所给动词的适当形式填空DAs weall know,this penwrite smoothly.21take goodcare ofbymyuncle whenIwasyoung.［答案1l.writes
2.was taken
三、动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式构成意义一般式to bedone表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作to have完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作beendone.动词不定式被动式的句法功能11作主语Sometimes to be understoodis not an easyjob.有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事［名师点津］
①动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面It isan honourto beinvited tospeak here.能被邀请在这儿讲话，真是一件荣幸的事
②单个动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式To beadopted bya keyuniversity is difficult forhim,对他来说，被一所重点大学录取是困难的⑵作表语The taskisto be Hnishedby nextmonth.这项工作要到下个月才能完成⑶作宾语The boyasked tobe givenan opportunityto tryagain.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会⑷作宾语补足语He wantedthe boytobepunished fortelling lies.他想让那个男孩因说谎而受到惩罚5作定语He isnotaman tobe defeatedeasily.他不是一个容易被打败的人6作状语She issent abroadtobetrained.她被送到国外培训［即学即练3］用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Its importantforthefigures updateregularly.
②Weve hadagoodstart,but next,more workneeds doto achievethe finalsuccess.
③There arestill manyproblems solvebefore weare readyfor along stayontheMoon.［答案］l.tobeupdated!.doing/tobedone
3.tobesolved不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
2.⑴动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义Ihavea lotof thingstodothis afternoon.今天下午我有许多事要做todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系对比PH gotothepost office.Do youhavealetter tobe posted我要去邮局你有信要寄吗？post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系，只和前面的letter构成动宾关系⑵在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等This problemisdifficultto workout.这个问题很难计算出来⑶在too…to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义This bookis tooexpensive forme tobuy.这本书太贵，我买不起。
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