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专业英语八级阅读理解模拟题带答案专业英语八级阅读理解模拟题带答案以The mountainturns around,but towardsthe peakextension.下是我为大家搜寻整理的专业英语八级阅读理解模拟题带答案,期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!Joy and sadness areexperienced bypeople in all culturesaroundthe world,but howcan wetell whenother peopleare happyor despondentItturns outthat theexpression ofmany emotionsmay beuniversal.Smiling isapparently auniversal sign of friendlinessand approval.Baring the teeth in a hostile way,asnoted byCharles Darwinin thenineteenthcentury,may bea universesignof anger.As theoriginatorof thetheory ofevolution,Darwin believedthat theuniversalrecognition of facial expressionswould havesurvival value.Forexample,facial expressionscould signalthe approachof enemiesorfriends in the absenceof language.Most investigatorsconcur thatcertain facial expressions suggestthesame emotionsinapeople.Moreover,people indiverse culturesrecognizethe emotionsmanifested bythe facial expressions.Inclassic researchPaul Ekmantook photographsof peopleexhibiting theemotionsof anger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness.He thenaskedpeople around the worldto indicatewhat emotions were beingdepictedin them.Those queriedranged fromEuropean collegestudents tomembersof theFore,a tribethat dwellsin theNew Guineahighlands.All groupsincluding theFore,who hadalmost nocontact withWesternculture,agreed onthe portrayedemotions.The Forealso displayedfamiliarfacial expressionswhen askedhow theywould respondif theywerethe charactersin storiesthat calledfor basicemotionalresponses.Ekman andhis colleaguesmorerecently obtainedsimilarresults ina studyof tencultures inwhich participantswere permittedtoreport thatmultiple emotionswere shownby facialexpressions.Theparticipants generallyagreed onwhich twoemotionswerebeing shownandwhich emotionwas more intense.Psychological researchersgenerally recognizethat facialexpressionsreflect emotional states.Infact,various emotionalstatesgive riseto certainpatterns ofelectrical activity in thefacialmuscles andin the brain.The facial-feedback hypothesisargues,however,that thecausal relationshipbetween emotionsand facialexpressionscan alsowork inthe oppositedirection.According tothishypothesis,signals fromthe facialmuscles feedbackare sentbackto emotioncenters ofthebrain,and soa personsfacial expressioncaninfluence thatpersons emotionalstate.ConsiderDarwins words:The freeexpression byoutward signsofan emotionintensifies it.On theotherhand,the repression,as faraspossible,of alloutward signssoftens ouremotions.Can smilinggiveriseto feelingsof goodwill,for example,and frowningto angerPsychologicalresearch hasgiven riseto someinterestingfindings concerningthe facial-feedback hypothesis.Causingparticipants inexperiments tosmile,for example,leads themto reportmorepositivefeelings andto ratecartoons humorousdrawings ofpeopleor situationsas being morehumorous.When theyare causedtofrown,they ratecartoons asbeingmoreaggressive.What arethe possiblelinks betweenfacialexpressionsand emotionOnelink isarousal,which isthe levelof activityor preparednessforactivityinan organism.Intense contractionof facialmuscles,such asthose usedin signifyingfear,heightens arousal.Self-perception ofheightened arousalthen leadsto heightenedemotionalactivity.Other linksmay involvechanges inbraintemperature andthe releaseof neurotransmitterssubstances thattransmitnerve impulses.The contractionoffacialmuscles bothinfluencesthe internalemotionalstateand reflectsit.Ekman hasfoundthat theso-called Duchennesmile,which ischaracterized bycrowsfeet wrinklesaroundtheeyes andasubtle dropintheeye coverfoldso thatthe skinabove theeye movesdown slightlytowardtheeyeball,can leadto pleasantfeelings.Ekmans observationmay berelevant tothe Britishexpression keepastiff upperlip asare commendationfor handlingstress.It mightbethat astiff lipsuppresses emotional response-as longas thelipis notquivering withfear ortension.But whenthe emotionthat leadstostiffening thelip ismoreintense,and involvesstrong muscletension,facial feedbackmay heightenemotionalresponse.
1.The worddespondent inthe passageis closestin meaningtoAcuriousB unhappyCthoughtfulD uncertain
2.The authormentions Baringtheteethinahostilewayin ordertoAdifferentiate onepossible meaningofaparticular facialexpressionfrom othermeanings ofitB upportDarwins theoryof evolutionCprovide anexample ofa facialexpression whosemeaning iswidelyunderstoodD contrasta facialexpression thatis easilyunderstood withotherfacialexpressions
3.The wordconcur inthe passageis closestin meaningtoA estimateBagreeC expectDunderstand
4.According toparagraph2,which ofthe followingwas trueofthe Forepeople ofNewGuineaA Theydid notwant tobe shownphotographs.B Theywere famousfor theirstory-telling skills.C Theyknew verylittle aboutWestern culture.D Theydid notencourage theexpression ofemotions.
5.According tothe passage,what didDarwin believewould happentohuman emotionsthat werenotexpressedA Theywould becomeless intense.B Theywould lastlonger thanusual.C Theywould causeproblems later.D Theywould becomemore negative.参考答案B CB CA文档内容到此结束,欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。