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专八英语考试阅读辅导题专八英语考试阅读辅导题英语等级考试当中,最重要的题型是阅读题目,很多丢分往往都是这一部分,那么怎么做才能高分呢?下面是我为大家整理的关于专八英语考试阅读辅导题,期望对你有帮忙!专八英语考试阅读辅导题2The majorityof successfulsenior managers do notclosely followtheclassical rationalmodel offirst clarifyinggoals,assessing theproblem,formulating options,estimating likelihoodsof success,making adecision,and onlythen takingaction toimplement thedecision.Rather,in theirday-by-day tacticalmaneuvers,these seniorexecutivesrely on what isvaguely termedintuition tomanage anetworkof interrelatedproblems thatrequire themto dealwith ambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,and surprise;and tointegrate action into theprocessof thinking.Generations ofwriters onmanagement haverecognized thatsomepracticing managersrely heavilyon intuition.In general,however,such writersdisplay apoor graspof whatintuition is.Some seeitas theopposite ofrationality;others viewit as an excuseforcapriciousness.Isenbergs recentresearch onthe cognitiveprocesses ofseniormanagers revealsthat managersintuition isneither of these.Rather,senior managers use intuition in atleast fivedistinct ways.First,they intuitivelysense whena problemexists.Second,managers relyonintuition toperform well-learned behaviorpatterns rapidly.Thisintuition isnot arbitraryor irrational,but isbased onyears ofpainstakingpractice andhands-on experiencethat buildskills.Athird functionof intuition is tosynthesize isolatedbits ofdata andpracticeinto anintegrated picture,often inan Aha!experience.Fourth,some managersuse intuition asacheck onthe results of morerationalanalysis.Most seniorexecutives arefamiliar withthe formaldecisionanalysis modelsand tools,and thosewho usesuch systematicmethodsfor reachingdecisions areoccasionally leeryof solutionssuggestedby thesemethods whichrun counterto theirsense of thecorrect courseof action.Finally,managers canuse intuition to bypassin-depth analysisand moverapidly toengender aplausible solution.Used inthis way,intuitionisan almostinstantaneous cognitiveprocessin whicha managerrecognizes familiarpatterns.One of the implicationsof theintuitive styleof executivemanagementis thatthinking isinseparable fromacting.Since managersoftenknow whatis rightbefore theycan analyzeand explainit,theyfrequently actfirst andexplain later.Analysis isinextricably tiedto actioninthinking/acting cycles,in whichmanagers developthoughtsabout theircompanies andorganizations notby analyzingaproblematic situationand thenacting,but byacting and analyzing incloseconcert.Given thegreat uncertaintyof manyof themanagement issuesthatthey face,senior managersoften instigatea courseof actionsimplyto learnmore aboutan issue.They thenuse theresultsofthe actiontodevelop amore completeunderstanding ofthe issue.One implicationofthinking/acting cyclesis thataction isoften partof definingtheproblem,not justof implementingthe solution.
1.According tothe text,senior managersuse intuitionin allofthe followingways EXCEPTto_A]Speed upofthecreation ofa solution toa problem.[B]Identify a problem._C]Bring togetherdisparate facts._D]Stipulate cleargoals.
2.The textsuggests which ofthe following aboutthe writersonmanagement mentionedin line1,paragraph2[A]They havecriticized managersfor notfollowing theclassicalrational modelof decisionanalysis.[B]They havenot basedtheir analysesonasufficiently largesampleof actualmanagers._C]They haverelied indrawing theirconclusions onwhat managerssayrather thanonwhatmanagersdo._D]They havemisunderstood howmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusiness decisions.
3.It canbe inferredfrom the text thatwhichofthe followingwouldmost probablybe onemajor differencein behaviorbetween ManagerX,who usesintuition to reach decisions,and Manager Y,who usesonlyformal decisionanalysis[A]Manager Xanalyzes firstand thenacts;Manager Ydoes not.[B]Manager Xchecks possiblesolutions toaproblemby systematicanalysis;Manager Ydoes not._C]Manager Xtakes actionin orderto arriveat thesolution toaproblem;Manager Ydoes not.[D]ManagerYdraws onyears ofhands-on experiencein creatingasolutiontoaproblem;Manager Xdoes not.
4.The textprovides supportfor whichofthefollowingstatements[A]Managers whorely onintuition aremore successfulthan thosewhorely onformal decisionanalysis.[B]Managers cannotjustify theirintuitive decisions.[C]Managers intuitionworks contraryto theirrational andanalyticalskills.[D]Intuition enablesmanagers toemploy theirpracticalexperience moreefficiently.
5.Which ofthefollowingbest describesthe organizationof thefirstparagraph ofthetext_A]An assertionis madeandaspecific supportingexample isgiven.[B]A conventionalmodel isdismissed andan alternativeintroduced._C]The resultsof recentresearch areintroduced andsummarized._D]Two opposingpoints ofview arepresented andevaluated.答案与考点解析「答案」
1.D「考点解析」这是一道归纳推导题本题题干中的senior managers示意本题的答案信息在第三段,由于第三段首句包含题干中的senior通过认真阅读和理解本段中所谈到的五点,我们可推导出本题managerso的正确选项是选项本题选项、、所涉及的内容分别在本段的第五D.A BC点、第一点和第三点提到考生在解题时肯定要学会仔细归纳和总结原文所表达的每一层含义「答案」
2.D「考点解析」这是一道句间关系题题干已将本题的答案信息圈定在其次段本段中的其次句是本题答案信息的最主要来源,通过阅读和理解此句,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是考生在解题时肯定要适D.当理解上下句之间的关系「答案」
3.C「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题题干中的wh usesintuition示意本题的答案信息在第四段,由于第四段首句含有toreach decisions和题干中大致相同的who usesintuitiontoreachdecisionsthe通过认真阅读和理解第四段intuitive styleof executivemanagement0的每一句话,我们可发觉第四段的第一句话都在强调(行动),可见act本题的正确选项应当是强调行动的选项本题的答案信息来源是第四段C.的其次句话考生在解题时肯定要首先精确地审题定位,然后要擅长归纳和理解原文中的中心主旨信息「答案」
4.D「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题题干中并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文的精确位置在这种状况下,考生往往迷失解题思路在考生迷失解题思路时肯定要牢记全文中心主旨,并且抓住各段的核心句本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句假如考生能够抓住第一段的尾句,并结合第三段的第
四、五句,就可以推导出本题的正确选项应当是考生D.在解题时,尤其是在迷失解题思路时,肯定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句,同时还要抓一些明确表示启承转合关系的句子结构「答案」
5.B「考点解析」本题是一道段落结构题第一句话中的和其do not次句句首的是破解本题的关键抓住这两个关键就可以推导出本rather题的正确选项应当是考生在解题时肯定要留意表示否定的词语以及表B.示启承转合的词语,更要留意句子之间的相互关系[参考译文]大部分胜利的高层管理人员并不拘泥于传统的推理模式,即首先确定目标,然后估定问题,摆出各种可能性,估量胜利率,再做打算,最终才付诸行动去实施相反,在这些人的日常决策过程中,他们靠一种定义模糊的直觉应付大量相关问题,这些问题使他们必需在一堆模糊不清,自相冲突,奇怪无比或者令人惊异的事物中做选择,而且在考虑过程中就要有相应的行动管理学作品的写早就留意到了实践当中一些管理者对直觉依靠很强不过总的来说,这些写未曾表达出什么叫做直觉有些人将其视作理性的对立面,还有人认为它是反复无常的(做法、性格)的一个借口最近对高层管理人员认知过程的讨论揭示了管理者的直觉Isenberg并不是上述的任何一种状况高层管理者是在五个不同的方面使用直觉首先,他们直觉地感到有问题存在其次,依靠直觉,管理者们能很快表现出有教养的行为方式这种直觉并不是任意,非理性的,而是在多年实践磨练,和亲身体验培育出的技能的基础上形成第三,直觉把一些零散的数据和实际状况组合为一个完整画面,这常常表现为一声式的体验Aha第四,有些管理者也应用直觉来检验更理性化分析的结果大部分高层管理人员熟知传统的决策分析模式和工具,那些使用这些正式的系统化方法做出打算的人常常会对一种状况保持警惕,那就是有时此方法得出的结论和他们对正确行为的感觉不符最终,管理者可通过直觉绕开浅显的分析而快速产生一个可能的解决方法这么使用时,直觉几乎是一个瞬间的思维过程,这一模式为管理者所熟识这些管理者用直觉方式的一个特点是思索和行动不能分开由于(在这种方式中)管理者在分析和解释问题之前就已经明白应当怎么去做,他们常常是先行动,后解释在思索行动的循环中,分析是必不行少的D在这其中管理者们不是靠分析他们面对的形势来思索其公司、组织的状况,而是行动和分析在高度全都地进行由于管理者们常常面对很多不确定的状况,他们鼓舞实行各种行动来对问题作一番深化了解他们藉此对问题做出更深的体会这种思索行为循环的一个特点即行动是确定问题的一部分,而不只是解决问题的步骤文档内容到此结束,欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。