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高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义——言外之意题《普通高中英语课程标准(年版年修订)》中规定,根据上下文推断语20172020篇中的隐含意义是选择性必修阶段学生需要掌握的语言技能之一,同时这也是高考英语阅读理解的考查技能之一考查这种技能的题型一般我们称之为推理判断题,又可细分为言外之意题、语篇类型题、观点态度题、写作意图题及文章寓意题等本期我们结合高考真题,就如何解答言外之意题进行相关技巧的点拨言外之意题要求考生在理解原文信息和线索的基础上,对作者未言明或未知的信息,经过分析和思考,进行推理和判断,从而得出答案解答言外之意题的技巧如下立足已知推断未知,正确选项一定能在原文中找到依据或理由;
1.直接陈述文章信息、对文章内容进行断章取义、对原文信息进行了增补和篡改、原文未
2.提及的信息、、仅针对文章部分信息进行了推断概括的选项多为干扰项;忌主观臆断,
3.以自己的想法代替作者的观点;忌过度推断,不人为将问题复杂化,进行多步推断
4.例(年新高考英语全国卷篇,保留原题号,下同)1:2020I C...This isa quicklook atlifein Uzbekistan,made offriendliness andwarmth,but alsoits darkerside ofsociety.InSamarkand,Mr Bisselladmires thearchitectural wonders,while onhis wayto Bukharahegets ataste ofpolice methodswhen suspectedof drugdealing.In Ferghana,he attends a(葬礼)mountain funeralfollowed bya strangedrinking party.And inKarakalpakstan,heis saddenedby thedust storms,diseases andfishing boatsstuck milesfrom thesea....
10.Which of the followingbest describesMr Bissellsroad tripin UzbekistanA.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.【分析】本文是说明文介绍了写的一部关于咸海和自己旅行经历的著作,Tom Bissell该著作是对乌兹别克斯坦生活的快速观察本题应选项正确答案
10.B Eventfuladj.full是立足原文信息of thingsthat happen,especially exciting,important ordangerous things推断出来的内容根据第三段的内容可知,在乌兹别克斯坦期间,欣赏了当地的建Bissell筑奇观亲身经历了当自己涉嫌毒品交易时,当地警方admires thearchitectural wonders,采取的处理措施、参力gets ataste ofpolice methodswhen suspectedof drugdealing□过一场奇特的葬礼、attendsamountain funeralfollowed bya strangedrinking party还遭遇过沙尘暴、疾病和渔船搁浅等困扰is saddenedby thedust storms,diseases and以上桩桩彳牛彳牛的事青表明,在乌兹fishing boatsstuck milesfrom theseaT Bissello别克斯坦旅行时发生了很多事情例年高考英语全国卷篇…2:2020I D发光One ofhis latestprojects hasbeen tomake plantsglowin experimentsusingsome commonvegetables.Stranos teamfound that they couldcreate afaint lightforthree-and-a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the amountneeded toread by,is justa start.The technology,Strano said,could oneday beused tolight therooms oreven to turn trees into self-powered streetlamps....Lighting accountsfor about7%of thetotalelectricity consumedin theUS.Since lightingis oftenfar removedfrom thepower电源-sourcesuch asthe distancefrom apower plantto streetlamps ona remotehighway-a lotof energyis lostduring transmission(传输).Glowing plantscould reducethis distanceand thereforehelp saveenergy.
34.What canwe expectof theglowing plantsin thefutureA.They willspeed upenergyproduction.B.They maytransmit electricityto thehome.C.They mighthelp reduceenergyconsumption.D.They couldtake the place of power plants.【分析】本文是说明文文章介绍了绿色植物对人类社会的积极意义,同时呈现了美国麻省理工学院的工程师们所研发的会发光的植物本题应选项正确答案是基于原
34.C文第三段中的The technology,Strano said,could oneday beused tolight therooms or推断而来新技术(发光植物)能够让eventoturntreesintoself-powered streetlamps植物为房间提供照明,将树木变为可自行充电的路灯再根据最后一段中的Glowing plants可知,发光植物可以避免远距could reducethis distanceand thereforehelp saveenergy离输电带来的损耗,从而节省能源由以上信息可推知,发光植物在人类生活中的各种应用无疑可以有效减少能源的消耗项中的为原文未提到的内容;项A energyproduction B中的虽然在最后一段提到相关信息(),但transmit electricityto thehome transmission这却不是发光植物的功能项中的(发电厂)对原文信息进;D taketheplaceofpower plants行了增补,原文仅在最后一段提及并未谈到发光植物可以替代发电厂powerplant,例(年高考英语全国卷篇)…32020II CThentheres RighteousFur andits unusualfashions.Model PaigeMorgan says,“Togive people a guilt-free optionthat theycan wearwithout someone throwing paint on them—I thinkthats goingto bea massivething,at least here in New York.Designer JenniferAndersonadmits ittook hera whileto comearound tothe opinionthat usingnutria furforher creationsis morallyacceptable.Shes tryingto comeup witha labelto attachto nutriafashionsto showit iseco-friendly.
31.What canwe inferabout wearingfur inNew Yorkaccording toMorganA.Ifs formal.B.Ifs risky.C.Ifs harmful.D.Its traditional.【分析】本文是说明文文章以美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林两地的时装秀开篇,倡导人们穿海狸鼠皮制作的衣服,以保持生态平衡本题应选项正确答案是基于原文最后
31.B一段中的uModel PaigeMorgan says,To givepeopleaguilt-free optionthattheycan wearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—I thinkthats goingto bea massivething,at5推断得出的答案认为在纽约要给人们一种无负罪感的leasthereinNewYork/Morgan选择(毫无心理负担地将皮草制品穿在身上),而不必担心被人泼颜料,这是一件大事由此可推知,认为在纽约穿皮草是一件很冒险的事情Morgan例(年高考英语全国卷篇)…4:2020III BIn some cases,its notso muchthe treatmentoftheanimals onset inthe studiothat hasactivists worried;its theoff-set trainingand livingconditions thatare raisingconcerns.Andthere arequestions aboutthe filmsmade outsidethe States,which sometimesare notmonitoredas closelyas productionsfilmed inthe States.
27.What canwe inferfrom thelast paragraphabout animalactorsA.They may be badly treated.B.They shouldtake furthertraining.C.They couldbe traded illegally.D.They wouldlose popularity.【分析】本文是新闻报道文章开篇介绍了《猩球崛起》这部电影没有使用真正的猿参与拍摄,而是运用高科技创造了数字化的猿,由此引出本文话题一一好莱坞流行使用真的动物参与电影拍摄,而这些动物没有得到很好的对待,由此引发了动物权益保护主义者们的关注本题应选项正确选项是基于原文最后一段中
27.A Theymaybebadlytreated的Insomecases,ifs notso muchthe treatmentoftheanimals onset inthe studiothat has进行activistsworried;ifs theoff-set trainingand livingconditions thatare raisingconcerns推断而得出的有时候,动物权益保护主义者对摄影棚中动物的待遇没那么多担忧,反而是动物在片场外的训练和其生存环境让他们感到不安,由此可推知,这些动物演员可能遭到了虐待项中的对原文中的进行了信息增补;息B furthertraining off-set trainingD项中的均是原文未提及的信息,tradedillegally,lose popularity属于无中生有。