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高一英语暑假精品课人教版2019必修1并列连词和状语从句:函基础知识7-二jfcr•__________________________________________________/llillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
一、并列连词
1.表并列表示并列关系的连词有and,both...and...,as wellas等,其中要重点掌握and的用法⑴当连接三个以上并列的成分时,一般在最后两者之间加and,其余用逗号分开;Solid,liquid andgas arethe threestates ofmatter.固体、液体和气体是物质的三种状态2“go come,stop等+and+动词”结构中,and+动词”相当于to+动词”;Fil goand bringback yourboots.=ril go to bringback yourboots.我去把你的靴子拿回来3“动词+and+同一个动词”表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”;We waitedand waited.我们等了又等4“祈使句+and+陈述句”相于“if从句+主句”Work hardand you will succeed.=If youwork hard,you willsucceed.努力工作,你就会成功
2.表递进表示递进关系的并列连词有not only...but also...,neither...nor...等带上雨衣,以防下雨
5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的词主要有so,so...that...,such...that...,so that等lso...that...常用句型有so+形容词+that...;so+副词+that...;so many/few/much/little十名词+that.・.;so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that...The textwas soboring that I gaveup readingit halfway through.这个剧本真枯燥,我读到一半便放弃了He gotso littlemoney that his familyhad tolive onwelfare money.他的工资很少,他的家人不得不靠救济金生活He isso clevera boythat we all likehim.他是一个如此聪明的男孩,我们都喜欢他He ranso fastthatIfell behind.他跑得如止匕快,以至于我落在后面2such...that...常用句型有such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that...;such+形容词+可数名词复数+that…;such+形容词+不可数名词+that...It issuch fineweather that we allwant to go to the park.天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园They aresuch goodchildren thatwealllove them.他们是些乖孩子,我们都喜欢他们It issuch aninteresting storythat itattracts alot ofchildren.这是如此有趣的故事,以至于吸引了许多孩子3so thatWemoved to the countryso thatwe wereaway fromthe noisyand dullcity.我们搬到了乡下,从而远离了吵闹、单调的城市I shoutedloudly so that myson couldhear myvoice.我大声喊为的是让儿子能听见我的声音注意1为了强调形容词和副词,当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序So clevera studentwas hethat hewas able to workout all the difficultproblems.他是如此聪明的一个学生,以至于能解出所有难题⑵当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时,还可简化为so/such...as to...He wasso clevera studentthat hewas ableto workout allthe difficultproblems.He wasso clevera studentas tobe ableto workout allthe difficultproblems.3除结果状语从句外,too...to...太而不能,enough to...达到某种程度可以…・・.等结构同样可以表示结果He didnt get upearly enoughto catch the bus.=He gotup toolate tocatchthebus.他起床太晚了,没能赶上那班公交车
6.方式状语从句定义:方式状语是个句子,则这个句子就是方式状语从句如:•You mustdo itas shetellsyou to引导方式状语从句的引导词:as,as if=as though等引导如:・He wassitting thereas if/asthough hewas waitingsomebody.-When inRoman,do asthe Romansdo.*说明当as if从句表示的意思与客观事实不符合时,as if从句要用虚拟语气如He actsas ifhe werea king.They aretalking as if theyhad beenfriends formany years-He saidto hergirl friendas ifhewould breakup withher.
7.比较状语从句定义:充当比较状语的是个句子,则这个句子就是比较状语从句He is as goodas athief.他实际上就是一个贼比较状语从句的引导词as...as,比较级+than...如Tom runsfaster thanJohn does.This classroomis asbig asthat one.【注意】las..・as.・,的否定结构也可以是not so....as...He isnot as/so cleveras you.2not+比较级+than…与no+比较级+than…的区别•He isnot tallerthan she/her.•He isno tallerthan she/her.=He isas shortas she/her
8.条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if(假设;如果),unless(=if...not除非),so/as longas(只要),in case(如果),on conditionthat(条件是),suppose/supposing(that)(假设),providing/provided that(如果)等()Youll failthe examunless youstudy hard=if you dont studyhard.如果你不努力学习,你考试就会不及格As longas youdon5t loseheart,youwillsucceed.只要不灰心,你就会成功()Suppose/Supposing thatthey refuseus,who elsecan weturn tofor help如果他们拒绝我们,那么我们还可以向谁求助呢?In casethere isa fire,what willyoudofirst如果发生火灾,你们首先要做什么呢?注意
①如果only if引导的条件状语从句位于主句之前,主句用部分倒装;如果nly if引导的条件状语从句位于主句之后,主句要用正常语序
②当主句的时态是一般将来时,条件状语从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时I willgo theretomorrow unlessit rains.除非下雨,否则明天我就去那儿
7.方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as,as if,as ihough等方式状语从句应放在主句之后其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况与事实相符,一般不用虚拟语气Do asyou aretold,or youll be fired.按照要求做,否则你将被开除The oldlady treatsthe boyas ifhe wereher ownson.那个老太太对待那个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的I feelasifI havea fever.我感觉我好像发烧了让步状语从句
9.1让步状语从句的引导词引导让步状语从句主要由although,though,as,even if,even though,while,no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever等引导Although itsraining,they arestill workingin thefield.虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活We wonbe discouragedeven if/though wefail again.即使再次失败,我们也不会泄气While Iam willingto helpyou,I do not haveenough time.尽管我愿意帮你,可是我没有足够的时间The daywill comeno matterhow longthe nightis.不管黑夜有多长,白天终会到来Whatever happened,he wouldnot mind.不管发生什么,他都不在意2as引导的让步状语从句as引导让步状语从句时,从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词等需提前到从句句首,而且表语若是单数可数名词还要去掉冠词though引导的让步状语从句也可这样用,但although不可以Intelligent as/though she was,she hadnot muchinsight.虽然她聪明,但不是很有洞察力He wasunable tomake muchprogress,hard as he tried.虽然他努力了,但未能取得很大的进步Teacher as/though he is,he doesntknow everything.虽然他是老师,但也不是无所不知,Fail as/though Idid,I wouldnever giveup.尽管我失败了,但我不放弃3“no matter+疑问词”与疑问词-ever的区别引导让步状语从句时,no matter+疑问词”可以替换为疑问词-ever,但不是所有的疑问词-ever都可以替换为“no matter+疑问词”,因为疑问词-ever还可以引导名词性从句,“no matter+疑问词”则不可However/No matterhow lateheis,his motherwill waitfor himto havedinner together.无论他回来得多晚,他妈妈总是等着他一起吃饭No matterwhatAVhatever yousay,I willnot believeyou.无论你说什么,我者B不会相信你Whoever wantsto gocan writeyour namedown here.任何想去的人者|S可以把名字写在这里whoever引导主语从句,不可替换成no matterwho注意⑴although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用Although/Though itwas raininghard,yet theywent onplaying football.虽然雨正下得很大,但他们还是继续踢足球2though还可用作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末He saidhe wouldcome;he didnt,though.他说他会来,可是没有来3when,while也可作从属连词,表让步,while常用在句首,when常用在句中,相当于although.Suddenly,she stoppedwhen sheought tohave continued.尽管她应该继续下去,她却突然停住了While Iadmit thatthere areproblems,I dontagree thatthey cannotbe solved.尽管我承认有问题,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决4though引导让步状语从句时,还可使用倒装形式,和as的用法一致Old as/though heis,he worksvery hard.=Although heis old,he worksvery hard.虽然他年纪大了,但工作非常努力I C考点剖析江]考点一区分并列连词
71.Before gettinginto thecar,I thoughtI hadlearned theinstructor sorders,once Istarted thecar mymind wentblank.zA.so B.and C.for D.yet[知识点]并列连词[答案]D[解析]考查连词词义辨析句意在上车之前,我以为我已经学会了教练的指令,然而一旦我启动了车,我的大脑一片空白A.so所以;B.and并且;C.for因为;D.yet然而上文提到学会了教练的指令与后文启动了车,我的大脑一片空白构成转折关系,应用yet故选oD
2.Ive beenaway foronly three years,I canhardly recognizemy hometown.A.so B.or C.for D.yet[知识点]并列连词[答案]D[解析]考查连词辨析句意(虽然)我只离开了三年,但是我基本认不出我的家乡了A.so所以;B.or否则;C.for因为;D.yet但是由语意可知,作者只离开了三年,但因为家乡变化太大,所以作者认不出自己的家乡故选D项连词考查前后句子之间的关系,考生要联系前后两句话,判断好这两句话的关系
3.一Can Itry theshirt on,mom—Well,it reallylooks nice,I thinkyou lookgood init.A.but B.and C.for D.or[知识点]并列连词[答案]B[解析]考查连词,句意一妈妈,我能试穿这件衬衫吗?一它看起来真的很好看,而且我认为你穿上它会看起来很不错A.but但是;B.and并且;C.for因为;D.or或者根据句意可知,前后两句是递进关系,要用表示递进承接关系的连词and故选B项1-\考点二时间地点原因条件状语从句等的区别
1.If youdon tgrasp thischance,it maybe yearsyou getanotherone.A.before B.since C.until D.unless[知识点]状语从句[答案]A[解析]考查从属连词词义辨析句意如果你不抓住这个机会,你可能需要很多年(之后)才能得到另一个机会A.before在......以前;B.since自从;C.until直至U;D.unless除非根据句意可知,这里指的是,在你得到另一个机会之前需要很多年,before在此语境下可翻译为过……(之后)才,故用before故选A项o
2.During thereconstruction ofthe city,many moderntall buildingswentup oldshabby houseswere torndown.A.where B.in whatC.in whichD.which[知识点]状语从句[答案]A[解析]考查地点状语从句句意在这个城市重建期间,许多现代的高楼在旧房子被拆毁的地方拔起分析句子可知,空前没有先行词,空处引导的不是定语从句,而是地点状语从句,应用where引导故选A项Neither Annanor Iam interestedin dancing.安娜和我都对跳舞不感兴趣He notonly readthe book,but alsoremembered whathe hadread.他不但读了这本书,而且记得所读的内容
3.表选择表示选择关系的并列连词有or,either...or...等其中重点掌握or的用法⑴表示选择,意为“或,还是”;Would you like teaor coffee你想喝茶还是咖啡?2用于警告或忠告否则,不然;“祈使句+orelse+陈述句”相当于“if...not+主句”Hurry up,or youllbe latefor school.=If youdont hurryup,youllbelate fbrschool.快点,否则你上学就要迟到了
4.表转折表示转折关系的并列连词有but,yet,whereas等Jane saidshewas ill,yet Isaw herin thestreet justnow.简说她生病了,但刚才我在街上看到了她Some ofthe studiesshow positiveresults,whereas othersdonot.有一些研究结果令人满意,然而其他的则不然此外,but还可用于Tm sorrybut..二Excuse me,but...”句型中1am sorrybut Iwont beabletocome tonight.对不起我今晚不能来注意although/though不能与but连用,但可以和yet连用
3.1wonder whetherhis hearingis okayhe hasturned thetelevisionup veryloud.A.unless B.although C.until D.because[知识点]状语从句[答案]D[解析]考查原因状语从句句意我不知道他的听力是否正常,因为他把电视机的声音开得太大了A.unless除非;B.although虽然;C.until直到;D.because因为结合句意可知,本句为because引导的原因状语从句故选D在2考点三2方式让步目的结果比较状语从句等的区别
1.you tryto dosomething beyondwhat you have alreadymastered,youwill nevergrow.A.Once B.If C.Because D.Unless[知识点]从属连词,状语从句[答案]D[解析]考查连词句意除非你尝试去做一些你已经掌握之外的事情,否则你永远不会成长A.Once一旦;B.If如果;C.Because因为;D.Unless除非,如果不根据句意和后文youwill nevergrow可知,此处应用unless引导条件状语从句,意为“如果不,相当于if not;其他选项均不符合句意故选D项
2.How theloans arepaid shouldbe oflittle concernto thebank theyarepaid ontime.A.as faras B.as soonas C.as longas D.as wellas佚口识点]从属连词,状语从句[答案]C[解析]考查复合连词词义辨析只要按时还款,如何偿还贷款对银行来说应该无关紧要A.as faras据而言;B.as soonas—……就;C.as longas只要;D.as wellas除……之外还,此外根据句意可知,只要按时还款,如何偿还无关紧要故选C项
3.Tom wasso angryhe heardhis friendbetrayed himhe toretheletter intotwo immediately.A.that;when B.that;that C.when;what D.when;that[知识点]状语从句[答案]D[解析]考查结果状语和时间状语从句考查结果状语和时间状语从句句意当汤姆听说他的朋友背叛他时,他是如此的生气,以至于他立刻将来信撕成了两半此句应分为两部分来看.第一部分是so...that…句型,他生气的结果是撕了信,所以that应该在后半部分再分析前半部分,可知此处是when引导的时间状语从句,表示当他得知他的朋友背叛他时,所以A正确此题的解题关键是分清楚两个从句与主句的关系根据句意,可知结果状语为后半句撕了信这件事,所以此处是so...that句型,再根据句意,判断前半分句是时间状语,所以用when
04.
①he workedvery hard,he didntfinish thetask ontime.(用适当的词填空)[知识点]从属连词,状语从句[答案];
1、参考l Although参考2:Though;[解析]考查连词句意虽然他工作非常努力,但是他还是没有按时完成任务根据句子结构和意思可知,这里需要表示“虽然〃的意思的连词连接两个句子,上下文构成让步状语从句的结构故填Although/ThoughoAlthough I live alone,yet Iam veryhappy.=Ilivealone,but Iam veryhappy.我虽然一个人生活,但很愉快
5.表对比表不对比关系的并列连词有whileoHe likespop music,while Iam fondof folkmusic.他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐
6.表因果表示因果关系的并列连词有so,for等It musthave rainedlast night,for itis wetall over.昨晚一定下雨了,因为到处都是湿的The shopswere closed,so Ididntgetany milk.商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶
7.when也可用作并列连词,意为“那时,这时“,相当于and atthis/that time常用句式sb.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...sb.was doingsth.when...sb.had justdone sth.when...We werehaving ameeting whensomeone brokein.我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来We wereabout toset offwhen itsuddenly beganto rain.我们正要动身,天突然开始下雨I had just finishedmy homeworkwhen Tomcame tome.我刚写完作业,汤姆就来找我了
二、状语从句时间状语从句
1.引导时间状语从句的连词有when,while,as,before,after,until,as soonas,since,themoment,instantly,once等lwhen,while,as
①when既可引导一个持续性动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生的情况When Ilived there,I usedtogototheseashore onSundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去When thefilm ended,the peoplewent back.电影一结束,看电影的人便回去了
②when引导时间状语从句,还可意为“正在这时”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时,突然发生另一动作I wasthinking ofthis whenI heardmy namecalled.be abouttodo…when…正准备做某事,这时be doing...when...正在做某事,这时be onthepointofdoing...when...正要做某事,这时hadjustdone...when...刚做完某事,这时Tom wasabouttoclose thewindow whenhis attentionwas caughtby abird.汤姆正要关窗户,这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了
③while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比Please donttalk soloud whileothers areworking.别人工作时,别高声谈话@as引导一个持续性动作,多用于主句和从句动作同时发生John singsasheworks.约翰一边工作,一边唱歌2as soonas,the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely…when…,immediately,directly,instantly的用法这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”,从句中可用一般时态代替将来时态The momentshe arrives,we canstart.她一到,我们就可以开始No soonerhad wearrived atthe stationthan the train left.我们一到车站,火车就出发了The boyburst intotears immediatelyhe sawhis mother.男孩一看到他的母亲就哭To3tilL until和not...until的用法
①在肯定句中,主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,意为“某动作一直延续到某点才停止”You maystay heretill/until therain stops.你得在这里待到雨停
②在否定句中,主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”He wontgotobed till/until shereturns.直到她回来,他才睡
③not...until句型中的强调和倒装说法It wasnot untilyou toldme thatI hadany ideaof it.(强调句型)=Not untilyou toldme didI haveany ideaof it.直到你告诉我,我才知道这个消息(not until置于句首,主句要倒装)
(4)before和since的用法
②before的句型It willbe+时间段+before从句,表示“多久之后才It wontbe long before从句,表示“不久之后将”It willbe halfa yearbefore Icome back.半年后我才回来It wontbelongbefore wemeet again.不久后我们将再见面
③since的句型It is/has been+时间段+since从句若从句谓语为非延续性动词,表示”自从......有多久”;若从句的谓语为延续性动词,表示“自从动作结束/完成……有多久了”,常译为“自从不有多久了,It isthree yearssince thewar brokeout.战争爆发以来,有三年了It isthreeyearssince helived here.他不在这儿住已经有三年了5every time,each time,next time,the firsttime,any time,allthetime的用法这些短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当…・・.;每次,…・・;下次……”等Every timeI meether Ialways forgether name.每次我见到她时,我总忘了她的名字Next timeyou come,do rememberto bringyour sonhere.下次你来时,一定记住把你的儿子带来You arewelcome tocome backany timeyou wantto.你想回来随时可以回来地点状语从句
2.⑴地点状语从句可用where,wherever,anywhere,every where等引导地点状语从句可用于主句之前或之后You arefree togo whereveryoulike.你愿意去哪里就去哪里Where there isawill,there isa way.有志者,事竟成Wherever thereis smoke,thereisa fire.无火不生烟即无风不起浪2注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句where引导的地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面Youd bettermake amark atthe placewhere you have some questions.定吾从句t=Youd bettermake amark whereyouhavesomequestions.状语从句你最好在你有问题的地方做个标记.原因状语从句31弓I导原因状语从句的连词有because,since,as,now that,seeing that,considering that等o
①because语气最强,表示必然的因果关系I wasabsent fromthe meetingbecause Iwasill.我缺席会议了,因为我生病了
②since语气稍弱,表示对方已知晓的原因或事实,意为“既然;由于”Since everybody is here,lefs beginour meeting,既然大家都到场了,我们开始开会吧
③as语气最弱,往往是不明显的原因,只是对结果的附带说明As itis raining,we shallnot gotothepark.因为下雨了,所以我们不能去公园©considering that,seeing that,now that和since的意义相似,都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思,that可以省去Considering thateverybodyishere,lets beginour discussion.鉴于大家都到场了,我们开始讨论吧Now that youhavegrown up,you shouldnot relyon yourparents.鉴于你已经长大成人,你不应该依赖你父母了⑵其他表示原因的方式除了状语从句外,一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,这样的短语有because of,thanksto,due to,owing to等Because ofthe weather,we hadto putoff thesports meeting.由于天气原因,我们不得不推迟运动会目的状语从句
4.引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that,in orderthat,for fearthat,in case,lest等lin orderthat与so that两个连词都意为“以便……,为了……”,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词;in orderthat比so that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而sthat引导的从句只能置于主句之后ril speakslowly sothatyoucan understandme.我会说慢点儿以便你能理解我In orderthatwemight seethe sunrise,we startedfor thepeak early.为了能看到日出,我们很早就出发去山顶了2for fearthat与in case这些从属连词本身带有否定意义,意为“以免,以防,以防万一“,相当于sothat…not…,或in orderthat…not…;谓语动词有时也用“should/might/could+动词原形”The boyhid himselfbehind thetree incase/for fearthathisfather shouldsee him.男孩躲在树后以免他的父亲看到他Take yourraincoat incase/for fearthat itshould rain.。