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初中英语阅读理解主要题型讲练结合及答案中考英语“阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力很多同学在做题时常常有一种〃读得懂做不对的感觉那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析首先,中考试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、科学技术等各个方面),体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等),这就需要考生在平时对各方面的文章都有所训练,迎合中考命题趋势其次,阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,对书面语言的理解能力,尤其是获取信息的能力在阅读技巧上,考生要了解文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题、文章的背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等再次,从问题设置上可以将问题总结为四种类型直接性题目,理解性题目,推理性题目和概括性题目直接性题目这种题目比较简单,只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事
1.实或细节,就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以直接从文章的原句中找到生素口o例题分析【例】(温州)12011HistoryCanberra isthe eighthlargest cityin Australia.It is238km fromSydney and507km fromMelbourne.Melbourne wasonce thebuild.One thingis forsure,though mostDIY projectsare startedwith thebestintentions,many of them maynot getfinished.DIY canalso bedangerous.For example,anything electricalshould bedone by aprofessional worker.Unluckily,many people don tcare aboutthiswarning andput themselvesin danger.It isreported thatin justoneyear over230,000people werehurt while doing DIY in UKincludingZ41,000who felloff ladders.Therefore,DIY canbring usfun andhelp ussave money,but it is notalways as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off more than we canchew.Maybe factoriesshould makeproducts that are easierandsafer for us to DIY.What canwe learnfrom the passageA.DIY isa wasteof money.B.It isalways difficulttoDIY.zC.We shouldbe carefulwhiledoing DIY.D.It svery safeforus toDIY即学即用即学即用即学即用即学即用1A CD2:C A3:C4:Ccapital ofAustralia.Sydney peoplealso wantedto maketheir citythecapital.It wasdifficult for the governmentto makethe decision.Thenin1911,the governmentchose a place to build thenew capital.It wasbetweenSydneyandMelbourne,the twolargest citiesin Australia.Ittook more than14years tobuild the city,In1927,thecitywas setup.〃It becamethe capitaland wasnamed Canberra.Canberra meansaplace for friends to get together.
26.How faris Canberrafrom SydneyA.25km.B.238km.C.345km.D.507km.解析本题属于直接性题目由第二句It is238km fromSydney...可知为正确答案B
27.The wordCanberra means.A.the largestcity B.beautiful manmadelakeC.the oldcapital cityD.a placefor friendsto gettogether解析本题属于直接性题目由最后一句Canberra means.可知为正确答案aplaceforfriendstogettogether D拓展此类题目通常出现在阅读理解篇,同学们只要细心,就能在原文找到A答案lYou cansee thisad.A.at acafe B.atalibrary C.at schoolD.at home2We cango forlunch aton Monday.A.10:30B.11:45C.12:30D.14:303Mrs.Zhou willspend ifshe goesfor dinneron Friday.A.$6B.$7C.$11D.$12理解性问题要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释解答这
2.类题目时需要对有关的上下文,甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确的选择【例】衢州22011But canyou imaginethat atree can talk andshare newstoo Ofcourse,no treemoves lipsand says words just as peopledo.Strangeas it may sound,though,some treesdo manageto communicatewitheach other.n
50.the underlinedword lips“in thefirst paragraphmeans.树干嘴唇枝条手势A.B.C.D.解析本题属于理解性问题意为像人一样sayswordsjustaspeopledo说话,我们都知道人是移动嘴唇说话的因此意为嘴唇符合题意故选lips B【例】温州篇32011DDIY canalso bedangerous.For example,anything electricalshould bedonebyaprofessional worker.Unluckily,many peopledon tcareabout thiswarning andput themselvesin danger.It isreported thatinjust one year over230,000people werehurt whiledoingDIYin UK,including41,000who felloff ladders.Therefore,DIY canbring usfun andhelp ussave money,but it is notalwaysas easyas itis thoughtto beif we bite off morethan we canchew.Maybe factoriesshould makeproducts thatare easierand saferforustoDIY.〃
40.In thepassage,webiteoffmorethanwe can chew“probablymeans.A.wecaneat everythingwe likeB.we shoulddo somethingdifficult C.we dosomething thatis toodifficult D.we eattoo muchfood thatisnot safe解析本题属于理解性问题从DIY canalso bedangerous.,oneyear〃及over230,000people were_hurtwhile doingDIYin UK“itisnotalwaysaseasyasitisthoughttobeif webiteoffmorethanwecan中的加横线的词可判断是困难的故选chew DIY”C拓展对于词汇题目,一定要根据上下文去确定词义,切忌望文生义在出现这种题目时,其下文往往有相应的解释,有的以破折号引出,有的以同义词或短语引出,有的以该词的反义形式说明,但无论哪种形式,在原文中都是会有相应提示,解题时要多注意总结归纳◎即学即用2:Shopping onthe Internetis becomingmore andmore popular.Whydo peopleuse the Internet toshop Somepeople sayitismoreconvenient.They dont haveto leavetheir homesto ordersomething;they canshop foranything theywant atany time;they canfind things1for salethat they cantfind inthe storesnear theirhomes.Still other重庆people saythey canfind betterprices ontheInternet.2011lThe Chinesemeaning ofthe wordconvenient inthis passageis.时髦的较近的方便的可用的A.B.C.D.On May8th2011,Premier WenJiabao madehis10th visitto SichuanzProvinceafter theearthquake.He visiteda lotof middleschools andneighborhoods.At BeichuanMiddle School,Premier Wenembraced astudentnamed ZhangHaiyang,who lostboth ofhis legsin theearthquake.The studentstold PremierWen that their newschool wasverybeautiful.And theywould never forget thatit wasbuilt withthe宁波hearts andstrength of people acrossthe wholecountry.2011〃2What doesthe underlinedword embracedmean inParagraph5A.Put armsaround him in aloving way.B.Shook handswith him in afriendly way.C.Bowed tohimin a verypolite way.D.Smiled athimina verykind way.推理性题目这种题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而需要根据上下文3及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案有时甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、意图等因素加以推理,才能获得正确答案【例4]The day before the surgery Iwas offschool,and mymomplanned the best day of my life,everything Iloved atseven andeverythingthat wouldput asmile onmy face.The daybegan with herwaking meup saying,“Kate,I havea surprisefor you.Come andsee.The surprisewas adoll Ihad wantedfor thelongest time.Throughoutthe dayshe toldme everythingthat shethought I would needtozknow togrow upand bea goodperson;she toldme tobe thebest Icouldbe andthat Iwould alwaysmake herproud.We hada picnicinthe park,and itwas socold thatwe movedto thecar.The daywasfilled withlaughter.For thefirst timeinalong timeI couldsee shewasreally happy.Iwouldnever forgether smile,ortheway hereyesshone asifwewere thesame age.It wasthebest dayof mylife,and Iwillneverforgetthe conversationswe shared.7What didthe writers motherdo thedaybeforethe surgery7A.She stayedat hometo havea goodrest.B.She wentto thedoctors foradvice.C.She turnedto herfamily forcomfort.D.She stayedall daywith herchild.◎即学即用3:My mothermanaged tolive throughthe surgery.Now whenI lookback,I realizethatthebestdayof mylife couldbe herlast andthiscould bethe lastday Iwould rememberwithher,the lastone weshared.I alsounderstand howunselfish amother is.()The underlinedsentence inthe lastparagraph suggeststhat.A.her motherwas illagain B.the surgerywas unsuccessfulC.her motherwas gettingbetter D.thesurgerywas simple.概括性题目要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或4评价解答这种题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断,从而获取文章中内含的信息(【例】金华)52011Except fora fewtimes,Americans arenot bigpresentgivers.There snoexchange ofpresents amongbusiness people,and ifoneAmerican triesto giveanother apresent,itmaylook likethat he(贿贝各)wants tobribe him.Americans havelearned thatin someothercountries peoplelike togive presentsto others,but amongourselveswe dont seethe needfor presents.Even friendsmay neverexchange presents.When Igo toforeigncountries,I tryto bringback littlethings forclose friends,but nobody,1would feelunhappy ifI didnt.I dont oftenremember afriend sbirthday,and fewpeople outsideofmyfamily remembermine.Ifsomeone gaveme presentstoo often,I dget unpleasant.But apresentfrom aforeigner-that kindfrom hisor herhomeland—won t(政府职员)go wrong,except togovernment employeeswho cant begivenpresents.You usuallyopen apresent atonce andin frontoftheperson whogivesit exceptChristmas andbirthday presents.You shouldonly say,“It sso nice.Thanks...”when youget Christmasor birthdaypresents.(葡萄酒)You maywant tobring abottle ofwine orflowers toa dinnerparty,but youre neverasked to.Nobody willmind ifyou bringwine,but yourfriend maynot useit thatevening.At Christmaswe oftengive presentsto ourfamily andsometimes ourfriends.We alsogive presentsto peoplewho havebeen helpfulduringthe year-doormen,babysitters,house cleaners,newspapersenders-anyone whohas oftenhelped us.()
60.What isthe mainidea ofthepassageA.Presentgiving inthe UnitedStates.(习俗)B.Customs inthe UnitedStates.C.American peopleand presentgiving.D.When andhow togivepresents.◎即学即用4:DIY,which meansDo ItYourself,is quitepopular inUK.Lots ofstoresand supermarketssell DIYthings.TV proprammesshow peoplehowto DIY.,English peoplelike DIY.There isa sayinginUK—“An Englishmanshome ishis castle.Huge numbersofpeoplespend theirholidaysmaking theirhomes beautifulcastles”.If thereis anythingthat needsfixingaround theirhouses,such aspainting thewalls orputting inanew shower,they willdo thejobs themselves.They shareDIYexperiences withtheir friends.More andmore peoplehavediscovered thejoy ofDIY.Sometimes peoplealso DIYfor savingmoney.With theeconomic downturnat present,many peoplecannot affordto buya biggerhouse.They arelooking athow theycanmake theirhouse betterwithout spendinga lotof money.It isnotsurprising thatDIY isso popular.DIY canbe difficult.There isa hugemarket forDIY furniturewhichpeople needto puttogether themselveswith afew basictools.However,people oftenfind itnot easytobuilda pieceof furniturebecausetheycant understandthe instructions.Sometimes theinstructionsare simpleand clear,but thefurniture itselfis difficultto。