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中考英语名词专项复习【考点清单】
1.一般情况下,在名词词尾直接加-S
2.以[s]、⑵、⑸、⑶、[
5、[皿等音素结尾的名词变复数时加-es;如果词尾为e,则只加-s
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,大多数变y为i再加-es;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词直接加-s
4.以fe结尾的名词,大多数将fe改为v,再加-es
5.以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词,多数情况下加-es,photo、piano除外;以“元音字母+0”结尾的名词一般加-S
6.改变内部元音或词尾构成复数形式的名词man的复数为men,woman的复数为women,foot的复数为feet,tooth的复数为teeth,child的复数为childreno
7.表示“某国人”的词变复数时,Chinese.Japanese等单复数形式相同;Englishman、Frenchman是把字母a变成字母e;American、Australian CanadianGerman等是在词尾直接力口一s
8.合成名词的复数形式中间没有连字符或间隔的合成名词,将最后一个词变复数,如birthdays;中间有连字符或间隔的合成名词,将主体词变复数,如daughters-inTaw;man/woman+名词”式的合成名词,两个名词须同时变为复数形式,如women teacherso
9.“数词+名词+形容词”构成合成词作定语,其中的名词用单数形式时,词与词之间须有连字符连接;其中的名词用复数形式时,词与词之间不用连字符,但名词复数形式需变所有格例如:atwo-week holiday或two weeksholiday.10,单复数形式相同的名词sheep、deer等名词的单复数形式相同
11.集体名词的单复数概念及变化形式people意为“人们”时本身即为复数概念;意为“民族”时为单数,其复数形式为peoples,family、team army等侧重整体概念时常以单数形式出现,若表示多个这样的整体有复数形式,其变化规则与其他可数名词变复数时的变化规则一样;若侧重成员则表示复数意义
二、名词的可数与不可数
12.常见的不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词,如bread moneypaper表示“纸”之意、medicine、advice、music weather等;news虽以s结尾,但它是一个不可数名词这些词常借助piece、cup、pair等单位词表示数量,若表示复数概念,需要把单位词变成复数形式
13.既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词的词fish意为“鱼”时是可数名词,指种类时其复数为fishes,指条数时单复数同形;意为餐桌上的“鱼肉”时为不可数名词glass意为“玻璃”时为不可数名词;意为“玻璃杯”时为可数名词,复数形式glasses还可意为“眼镜”orange意为“橙子”时为可数名词;意为“橙色”时为不可数名词room意为“房间”时为可数名词;意为“地方,空间”时为不可数名词
14.可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语a fewmany severala numberof agreat/good many a coupleof和manya等只能修饰可数名词;a little、much、a good/great dealof abit of和a largeamount of等只能修饰不可数名词;some、a lotof.lots of、plenty of all等既能修饰可数名词复数,也能修饰不可数名词
15.「s所有格的构成和用法一般情况下,可数名词单数的所有格是在名词词尾直接加-S;以s或es结尾的可数名词复数在其词尾加「;不以s或es结尾的可数名词复数在其词尾加-飞表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时,飞所有格后常不出现它所修饰的名词表示两人或多人共有时,只需将最后一个名词变为,s所有格;表示两人或多人分别拥有时,各个名词的词尾都需加s表示时间、天气、距离、价格、国家、城市或团体等的名词也常用,s所有格表示所有关系
16.of所有格表示无生命事物的名词的所有关系,一般用of所有格
17.双重所有格“of+-s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格双重所有格表示部分概念,of前的名词通常有限定词,如a an、one、some manyany、no等;of后用-s所有格的名词必须是明确限定的、指人的
18.各地中考对名词的考查侧重于常见名词的词义辨析考生在平时的学习过程中,应该掌握重点词汇的含义,在语境中正确辨析词义,这样才能选择出正确的名词【精题精练】I.单项选择
(一)
1.-What doyou thinkof yournew housebuilt bythe localgovernment-Pretty gooD.I havea ofhappiness now.A.warningB.traditionC.feelingD.question
2.-I likebest.-So doI.I takesinging classesevery weekenD.A.musicB.physicsC.mathD.history
3.Mr Huangis anexcellent Englishteacher whohas over20years teachingA.experienceB.informationC.knowledgeD.journey
4.Would yousend mesome ofyoursI missyou verymuch!A.magazinesB.photosC.moneyD.advice
5.Lily is a friendofA.Marys mother5sB.Marys motherC.Mary mother5sD.Mary mother
6.How muchdo weneed to make abanana milkshakeA.bananasB.applesC.coffeeD.milk
7.Spending too much playingcomputer gamesis bad for yourA.time;eyeB.time;eyesC.times;eyesD.times;eye
8.-Miss Huangalways advisesus topractise speakingEnglish afterclass.-She isright.Speaking is an importantlanguage
1.sign
8.skillC.suggestionD.work
9.I likethis song.It sby one of my favouriteA.singersB.dancersC.paintersD.writers
10.For his son s birthday,Steven istaking himto thenew movieas aA.taskB.treatC.choiceD.visit
11.You cansee theon ourfaces whenwe talkabout thegreat achievementsin thepast70years.A.doubtB.prideC.regretD.ability
12.After playingfootball formore thanhalf anhour,the studentstook rest.A.a fewminutesB.a littleminutesC.a fewminutesD.a littleminutes
13.r dlike some andA.banana;tomatoB.bananas;tomatoC bananas;tomatoesD.banana;tomatoes
14.In China,the colourred isthe ofgood luck.A.dreamB.wayC.symbolD.reason15•一Its uselessto regretwhat has been done,Don tmake thosemistakes again.-I wont.Thats a(n)A.orderB.decisionC.promiseD.agreement
(二)
1.In arestaurant,people usuallychoose foods and drinksfrom theA.bookB.menuC.newspaperD.magazine
2.We usuallyknow aboutthe historyofacity in theA.museumB.factoryC.bankD.hospital
3.-In China,we usered papertomakehong baobecause redmeans goodluck.-That sinteresting!I want to knowall theChinese.A.traditionsB.sentencesC.noticesD.problems
4.His fatherwas agreat inLeishenshan Hospitalin Wuhan.A.actorB.singerC.violinistD.doctor
5.Nobody thoughtit easyto finishso muchwork in.A.two daystimeB.two-days timeC.two daystimeD.two daystime
6.During thepandemic(流彳亍病)many inour citywent toHubei Provinceas volunteers.A.woman doctorB.woman doctorsC.women doctorsD.women doctor
7.Mike doesn t haveenough money,so hecan onlyaffordA.a breadB.toomuchbreadC.a pieceof breadD.many bread
8.-Here ismy family.We tookit lastyear.-What ahappy family!A.member
8.nameC.photoD.house
9.-The airis veryfresh inour city.There isless thanbefore.-Yes.The governmenthastaken actionto protectthe environment.A.woodB.pollutionC.noiseD.water
10.June1st is___Day.My sisteris happyon thatday everyyear.
1.Women,s
8.Father5sC.TeachersD.Childrens
11.-Can Ihelp you,Madam-Yes.,please.A.Two pairof socksB.Two pairsof socksC.Two pairsof sockD.Two pairof sock
12.Jane isvery thirsty,so sheneeds someA.waterB.breadC.cakesD.rice
13.The problemsare difficultto solve.Please give meA.many adviceB.some adviceC.an adviceD.some advices
14.-I keeprunning every day.-Wow!Thats a good.It cankeep youhealthy.A.taskB.exerciseC.habitD.plan
15.The boyhasbeenmissing forfive daysand hisparents areworried abouthisA.attentionB.safetyC.actionD.growth
(三)
1.A factorywill bebuilt forthe of this typeof newenergy cars.A.positionB.populationC.productionD.pronunciation
2.Many teenagerswanttobe likeZhong Nanshanwhen theygrow up.A.writersB.engineersC.doctorsD.inventors
3.Mr Liuisawise man,and heoften givesus afewA.suggestionsB.adviceC.hobbiesD.knowledge
4.Could youplease passmeato writewithA.rulerB.tapeC.penD.knife
5.-Jim,I havein finishingso muchwork.一Dont worry.I canhelp you.A.abilityB.successC.experienceD.difficulty
6.As thesaying goes,Where there isawill,thereisa.”A.wishB.roadC.wayD.key
7.Sandy reallylikes eatingmeat,but shedoesntlike eatingA.breadsB.vegetablesC.chickensD.noodle
8.-0h,no!We havemissed thelast bus.What shallwe do-I mafraid thatwe haveno butto takea taxi.
1.idea
8.decisionC.reasonD.choice
9.-More andmore foreignerscome tovisit theGreat Wall.-Thats true.It isthe ofChina.A.praiseB.prideC.effortD.courage
10.-it5s today,isn tit-Yes,it is.Let,s enjoythe moonwhile eatingsome mooncakes tonight.A.the LanternFestivalB.the Mid-Autumn DayC.the DragonBoat FestivalD.the Spring Festival
11.room looksvery clean.A.Bob andDave,sB.Bob sand DavesC.Bob,sandDaveD.Bob andDave
12.He hadhis haircut at the aroundthe corner.A.barberB.barbersC.barber^sD.barbers
13.-Tomorrow isour mother,sbirthday,Lets buysome flowersfor her.-OK.I knowshe likesbest.A.dressesB.ringsC.handbagsD.roses
14.My motherhas apoor ofdirection,so sheis alwaysafraid togo outalone.A.sceneB.silenceC.serviceD.sense
1.book
2.house
3.country
4.life
5.postman
6.hero
7.orange
8.Japanese
9.factory
10.child
11.tree________
12.monkey__________iii根据汉语提示完成句子(每空F
1.There isa fashion(演出)attheschool hall.
2.Smoking isbadforour(健康),so wemust giveit up.
3.My newdress ismade of(丝绸).4It isimportant andgood forus tobrush our(牙齿)after meals.・
5.Yao Mingis one of myfavorite basketball(运动员)
6.It isagoodidea tokeep English(日t己)everyday.
7.My sisterwants tobe a(模特).
8.There arelots of(蔬菜)inthesupermarket,such aspotatoes andcabbages.
9.Many(地区)ofthiscountry havesuffered severedrought thisyear.
10.He invitedLilyto havedinner ata French(餐馆).IV.中所的适当形式填空street instructenergetic tomatoman teachersingertooth ruleAmerican communicate
1.That youngman isoneofmyfavouritepop
2.Small carsare usefulin citieswith narrow
3.The Queqiaosatellite(卫星)will forma bridgebetween controllerson theEarthand thefar sideof theMoon.
4.Look,we havemutton,fish,eggs,and juicefor dinner.
5.Many liketo havehamburgers forlunch.
6.Computers cannotwork withoutfrom humanbeings.
7.The childissofull ofthat hecan tkeep quiet.
8.There aremore thanone hundredteachers inour school,and mostof themare
9.We shouldbrush ourat leasttwice aday.
10.You mustfollow thetraffic on the way.V.用所给名词的适当形式填空
1.Many peoplego tothe parkand takephotoon Sunday.
2.In themall thereare twoshoeshops.
3.“It dependson mychilddecision,“the mothersaid andlooked ather twosons.
4.How timeflies!It istwomonth sincewe metlast.
5.During theSpringFestival,people inNorth Chinausually eatdumplingasatraditional ChinesefooD.
6.Kaili isoneofthe mostbeautifulcity inGuizhou.
7.Did thepoliceman givesome_adviceon howto protectpersonal information
8.Manyvolunteer areplaying anactive partin makingKunming abeautiful city.
9.Can yougivemesome bottlesoforange,please
10.How manycoware thereonthehillVI.将下列汉语译成英语
1.一张纸
2.两瓶可乐
3.一场结婚典礼
4.吉姆的爷爷
5.北京的天气
6.她的一个同学
7.四位男护士
8.六只鹅
9.我的铅笔
10.个人发展。