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高考英语专题温习-完形填空解题技能指导格式塔心理学当看见不完整的事物时,人们按照头脑里对事物的完整概念,会在思想上把它补全即补全心理《高中英语课程标准和考试说明》对高考完形填空的规定,完形填空是高考试题中的一个重要部份完形填空共题,考试时间为分钟左右分值为分,占总分202030的在两篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约词)内留有个空格,每一个空格为一题,每题有四个20%35020选择项,要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案,使短文的意思和结构恢复完整完形填空部份的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力(测试能力要求大体接近大学非英语专业二年级水平)完型填空考直综合运用语言的能力)词语辨析能力1)语法结构分析能力2)语篇理解能力3)逻辑推理能力4)文化背景透析能力5)生活常识综合运用能力…61,,.通常从一篇300-350词左右文章中设空20个首句不搀空;
2.内容完整,逻辑性强,语言结构严谨生词少,难度适中
3.干扰项设计周密.一般情况下,四个选项的词性相同或属于同样或对等范围,干扰项填入后在.按照生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择
44.1made mysandwich thatafternoon whilewaiting for Cassie.39the butter-creamgave mean idea.A.Spreading B.Boiling C.Baking D.Holding生活常识
2.2021福建Born inAmerica Ispoke Englishnot Chinese,the languageof myfancestors.When Iwas three.my parentsflashed cardswith Chinese36at myface,......but Ipused them37aside,常识.背景知识
36.A.custom B.games C.characters D.language
36.1turned thekey in the lockand thedoor open.语境■常识A.knocked B.forced C.pushed D.tried
4.2021浙江1don tremember my father evergetting intoa swimmingpool.But hedidlove thewater.Any kindof rideseemed togive himpleasure.And he.......loved tofishA.boat B.bus C.train D.bike
①5•…,you__the internationalagreement,this isthe pointwhere anew day_®_.
①・A.see Bcross C.are D.are stoppedby2coming B.is discoveredinvented D.beginsthe internationaldateline是国际日期变更线:是人们所规定的,看不见,摸不着,可是可以越过它是新的一天开始的地方答案别离为B和D其实,以上方式并非独立利用,交互利用的情况较多按照文章运用多方式,对选项逐项分析,排除干扰项,从而肯定最佳答案对稍难的或拿不准的个别题,咱们可采用排除法L逻辑手腕顺序关系并列关系因果关系妥协关系转折关系解释关系
1.(2021江苏卷)Then shelooked atmyfather and replied,/f Youare40(wrong).This isnot theworst boyat all,41the smartestone whohasn tyet foundan(outlet释放的途径)for hisenthusiasm
41.语境-转折关系、搭配(
2.2021湖南卷)Bean is a whitedog quitehandsome andvery
38.f
38.A.smart语境-同类并列关系(
52.A.Meanwhile B.Generally语境-顺序关系C.Afterwards D.Finally
4.A transistorradio issometimes veryis veryeasy tocarry..._radio broadcastsarefbetter forblind people.A.Besides B.HoweverC.Yet D.Sometimes
5.At firstnothing happened,suddenly alarge rat rushed outof the...B.orC.so
6.My mainresponsibility(职责)were clearingtables andwashing(dishes,sometimes1helped cook.2021北京第40题)A.or B.soC.but D.even
7.fatherandI oftenargue witheach otherwe aregood friends.fA.If B.AlthoughC.When D.As讦语境-妥协关系
8.If wemakeanoise on the busthey lookand uncomfortable.A.untouched B.worriedC movedD.excitedfHellen wasan oldteacher witha warmsmile andeyes.・A.bursting Bfreezing语境-并列关系C.friendly D.lively二逻辑手腕2:语法结构分析
①()When wetalked,I discovered发现some differencesin schoollife betweentheUS andChina.For example,each classlasts fiftyminutes inthe US.It isa littlethanthat inChina.We usuallyhave fortyminutes ineach class.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.later
②辽宁42is knownto usall,there isnot43enough waterin allplaces forevery-oneto useas muchas helikes.
42.A.That B.ItC.What D.As3When Edfirst phonedand_we play,I laughedquietly,figuring onan easyvictory.NMET2021,37题B.mentionedD.suggested42021天津卷“Asa policeman,I saw27there wasviolence,drugs werealwaysbehind it.They havea damaging28impact on the kids.”
27.A.where B.unlessC.as D.whether
⑤The instructorthen_that wefind waysto makeapologize to people.A.expected B.suggestedG toldD.saidwe find=we shouldfind©Of course,he didnot understanda thing,but henodded hishead asheA.did B.had C.understood D.could这儿did代替understood,不选understood避免重复属语法考点.
⑦2021辽宁What madehim sadwas hispiano teacherin Beijingdidnr tlike him.A.whether B.whyC.when D.that完型填空中语法结构方面测试较少))(1虚拟语气;2定语从句连接词,限定与非限定定语从句的区别,定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别);)))))3状语从句;4非谓语动词;5主谓搭配一致;6并列句;7省略句;)8倒装句及复杂句子…注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容,这样才能确保答案的正确三语篇理解作者观点、态度
11.Life isvery55so don trushto makedecisions.Life doesnt letyou plan.
55.A.hard B.busy C.short D.long.2Dr.Shirley JeanneAllen hastraveled manyroads andfollowedmany rainbowssearching forher dream.With courageand_55-she nevergaveup.・B intelligenceC.strength D.pride
3.This isbecause themost importantcharacter ofcreative peopleisa very strong40tofind away outof trouble.
40.A.desire B.inspire C.influence D.attitude小结:完型填空考查内容语篇信息(语境理解)辞汇手腕:原词复现,同义.近义复现,反义词,习惯用法语法手腕指代,句型,语法项目留时腕;顺序关系,并列关系,果关系,妥协关系,转折关系,解释关系作者观点.态度解题进程中应做到注意上下文语境了解常识背景掌握习惯搭配运用词义辨析运用语法分析运用逻辑分析英语完形填空解题步
21.通读全文,统揽全局运用排除法
2.逐句分析,肯定选项比较选项
3.通盘理解,上下一致作者思想
4.复读全文,直对答案第一感觉做题三忌:急于求成,未通读全文便忙于答题,不了解文意只抠字眼,语法,不顾文意,抓不住关键断章取义,无论前后照顾,前后矛盾不擅长逻辑推理,容易受思维定势的干扰,轻忽特定语境中知识的应用如何提高能力技能一,提高阅读能力(速度.理解)二.打好语法基础三.扩充辞汇量(辞汇是完型之根,动词.名词为主)四,增加生活常识,培育普遍的兴趣爰好
五、坚持天天做两篇,以提高实战能力总结--解题方式总的原则:“先完意,后完形”八字方针:上下求索,瞻前顾后三步曲:语法上一般不存在错误,对考生有很大的迷惑作用;
4.突出语篇语境,强调应用,注重交际;
5.考察重点多为实词名词/代词/动词/形容词/副词等;单词为主、短语为辅
6.关注语境背景知识,偏重上下关联,暗示判断能力
7.大多富有踊跃的教育意义,给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣;记叙文对于叙事,描述类文章短文的首句,往往点明故事发生的人物who,时间when,地址where,和事件what等背景情况例:It wasa busymorning,about8:30,when anelderly gentlemanin his80s cametothe hospital.议论文
1.议论文的设题往往多以上下文为基础,利用承前信息或滞后信息.使读者有所依托
2.议论文中表达作者态度或观点的词较多,所以,试题中对形容词和副词的考查往往也较多对于论述文,首句表明了论述的主题起到揭露主题的作用例如:A manwho knowshow towrite apersona!letter hasaverypowerful tool.Aletter canbe enjoyed,read and
21.说明文直白性较强,脉络清楚说明文
2.说明文的层次清楚,整体性强,所以,递进性辞汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多只要把握这些关键,做完形填空便会驾轻就熟,游刃有余完形填空整体要求解题进程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜想.推断.验证的进程,需要咱们立足语篇环境,树立全局观念,瞻前顾后,连贯思维,从语境角度来选择答案高考完形填空考什么
1.辞汇题
2.语法结构
3.篇章结构(语境,为何咱们在这一题型上老是失分较多
1.没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案,不认真分析通篇文章,单纯求快,忽略语篇理解,只看局部的词义辨析.搭配和语法结构表面上解题速度挺快,可是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率娱必然要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和大体脉络后再着手逐个填空.
2.不注意积累答题技能:a.忽略文章首句的提示作用;b.忽略文章中上下文之间的照顾关系;c.碰到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.
3.时间安排不妥:在几个选项上过度纠缠,追求完美,致使许多本可以做出的题来不及做切法正确的做法是由易到难,先做会做的,再考虑较难的强烈推荐如尚有几题题目不肯定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格,然后快速地整句整段地默读,选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.四.解题方式:总的原则先完意,后完形十六字方针上下通气,瞻前顾后,左顾右盼,前后照顾三步曲读一填一读五.完形填空具体解题步骤通览……选填一一复核•1通览一■•速读全文,把握大意跳格快速阅读一下全文,通过通览全文.领会大意,概略地了解文章的文体.背景.内容等等2选填一■•紧扣文意,瞻前顾后先易后难,逐层深切紧扣全文内容,联系上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻找线索,注意辞汇的意义.搭配,惯用法,语法,常识等多个角度进行综合考,选项入格3复核一■•全面检查,确保语意连贯,用词准确复读全文验证答案带着答案把全文再通读一遍,注意看所选答案填入空白处后可否做到文章意思通顺,前后连贯,逻辑严谨.结构完整,首尾呼应完形填空之解题技能-一Basic skillsof cloze细读文章的第一句话高考完形填空选文的第一句话一般是完整的该句往往就是主题句Topic Sentence,这就为咱们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个〃窗口〃,它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息,能直接归纳全文大意.揭露主题充分重视首句的标示作用,利用它为解题找到一个冲破口,据此展开思维,争取开局胜利一辞汇题
1.上下文和前后句的提示复现,同/近义词.反义词(
1.2021北京卷)Mrs.Neidl wouldask mefor my
37.语境原词重现•(
2.2021陕西卷)Ihadsome28in mypocker butI wouldnot give them tohim.f()thinking tomyself hewould29only usethe money to feedhis addictionto drugsoralcohol.
28.A.chocolates B.coinsC.tins D.drugs语境同义词,近义词复现•
3.Many oldpeople dont havegood.They cant watchTV but they canlisten tofmusicor newsover theradio.A hearingB healthC eyesightD time
4.Some partsof thewater arevery shallow.But insome placesit isvery very.fA.deepC.cold D.dangerous
5.Chinese governmentchallenged localshools toconduct experimentsin-educationreform.And thenRenda FuzhongXisan Schoolin Beijingstepped uptothe.・A.charges BexchangeC.challenge D.experience语境■原词重现(词性转变)
6....and thenboth endedup fromthe samehigh school.Just threeweeks before,()Bill askedMark ifthey couldtalk.2021北京A graduation B movementC separationD vacation7•The amountof usablewater hasalways beenof greatinterest inthe world.Holding springsand streamssometimes meanscontrol,particularly inthe22areaslike thedesert.
22.A•dry B.distant C.deserted D.wild
8.The correctwater supplyforecast isbased moreonthewater fromthe34thanfrom thebelow.
34.A.clouds B.sky C.air D.above
9.In1964Shirley graduatedfrom Gallaudetand lookedfor wantedto beindependentand workfull time.job assistant
10.The stonemen face41,rather thanout tosea,and theireyesare focusedupon thesky.・
41.A.forward Boutward C.onward D.inwardart expertswho workat thegallery saytheyused modernchemistry technologyto45the paintonthe picture.These checksfoundtraces(痕迹)of paintdeep inthepicturedating fromabout
1814.
45.A.try B.remove C.wash D.check.词语的习惯用法和固定搭配
21.2021全国I...The nursehad himtake a36inthewaiting area,37telling himitwould beat least40minutes38before someonewould beable tosee him.36A.breath B.testC.seat D.break语境-固定搭配cityWashington wasnamed_George Washington,the firstpresident ofthe UnitedStates.A.by B.for C.as D.after
3.It was4o clockwhen thefront doorbellrang.Mrs Clarkewas teaat thetime.A.cooking B.making C.burning D.serving
4.Mark downand helpedthe boypick upthese articles.2021北京春50小题B.sat D.knelt
2.
1..,buttheyare damageto ourhouses andshops of historical interest/Said JohnNorris,one ofthe protesters.NMET1999第30题A.doing B.raisingC.putting D.producingd36his lifebrewing beerfor localbreweries onlyto makea livinq37had hisfatherfand grand-father beforehim.
37.A.like B.as ifC.so Denor
7.On April12,1888Alfred sbrother Ludwigdied ofheart attack.A majorfFrenchnewspaper_his brotherfor himand…A.found B.misunderstoodC.mistook DJudged能与A for B”搭配的在四个选项中只有选项C,mistake AforB意为“误以为A是B,把A错当做B注意mistake-mistook-mistaken辞汇题.按照辞汇的意义及用法辨析词义
2.2021全国I Thehappiest peopledont53necessarily havethe bestofeverything;they just54the bestof everythingthey have.54A.learn Bmake语境词义辨析•
①②
3.The boywas thewater andhis canoewas__away.
①A.onB.withinC.in D.under2A.running B.floatingC.flowing D.pulling____
4.With herslow andclumsy reactions,she wouldsurely herteam.A.hold onB.hold outC.hold overD.hold up语境+词语辨析trainer decidedit wasuseless tryingto finish.He calledto Trudyto
4545.A keepup B.slow downC.give upD.take upforestbegan todisappear,which53all theanimals dyingout
53.A.resulted inB.resulted fromC.created D.lay in
7.Nobel arrangedin hiswill togivethelargest partofhismoneytoestablish theNobelPrizes,which wouldbe awardedtopeoplewho madegreat tothecauses ofpeace,literature,and thesciences.A.additions B.sacrificesC.changes D.contributionsmake additionsto给.增加make sacrificesfor为.做出捐躯make changesto对・作修改make contributionsto对・作贡献
8.Sol triedhard withmy writingand wentto college.My firstnovel45while Iwas atcollege.
45.A.came onB.came inC.came outD.came backcomeon加油,得了吧;开始come out出来;盛开;出版;显出come in进来come back回来。