还剩3页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
课时质量评价
(三十四)选择性必修第四册UNIT3主题语境自然环境、自然遗产保护I.阅读理解AScientists visitingtiny Henderson Island in the SouthPacific recentlymade analarmingdiscovery.Although itis one of themost remoteplaces on the Earthandpreviously untouchedby humans,the islandwas coveredin plastic waste.They calculatedtherewere38million piecesof plastic,weighing almost18tons,with thousands of new一pieces washingup eachday.No countryhas afree passwe foundplastic fromeverywhere,“said onescientist.We allhave aresponsibility,and wehave tosit up andpay attention.This isnot anissue toignore.We needto dosomething nowto protect thesea.”Plastic wastein the sea haslong beenknown about,but onlynow arewe discoveringthetrue extentof theproblem.Plastic takeshundreds of years todecompose,so alltheplastic everproduced stillexists somewhere.Around95%of plasticsmade arenot recycled,and largeamounts enterthe sea.Currents collectthis wastein largecircular systemscalled“gyres”.One ofthe largestis in the Pacific Ocean,an areanow knownas the“Great PacificGarbagePatch”.The problemgets worseas plasticbreaks downinto verysmall pieces,or microplastic”.This iseaten byfish andleads tomassive speciesloss.Humans alsoeat thesefish,and microplastic haseven beenfound intap wateraround the world.The problemhasspread toofar toignore.The plasticon HendersonIsland accountsfor just2seconds5worthof globalannual plasticproduction.That productionwill morethan tripleby
2050.Thenthere willbe the same weightof plasticin the sea asfish.However,there aresome youngminds workingto cleanupandprotectthesea forfuturegenerations.While divingin Greece,young BoyanSlat noticedthere wasmoreplastic wastethan fish.He decidedright thento dedicatehis lifeto solvingthis problem.Previously theproblem wasconsidered too big tosolve;collecting theplastic with boatsand netswould beexpensive,would harmsea life,and wouldtake thousandsofyears!But,Boyan thought,why movethrough thesea whentheseacan movethrough youTo workwiththe currentsand gyreswould helpcollect thewaste.So hestarted theOcean CleanupProject,which placesvery longfloating barriersin thePacific.Currents thenconcentratethe wastenaturally soit canbe collectedand recycled.He hopesto reducethe patchby50%in justfive years.“Many problemstoday areside effects of thingspeople didn,t thinkabout in the past,“he says.Sea plasticis asymbol ofthe negativeeffectsofour lifestyleand technology.Our aimshould beto create a newlifestyle forthis century.Protecting thesea fromplasticis a good placeto start.
1.What alarmingdiscovery didthe scientistsmakeA.They discovereda tinyisland in the SouthPacificOcean.B.They discoveredthere wasplastic everywhereon HendersonIsland.C.They discoveredthat therewere nohuman beingson HendersonIsland.D.They discoveredHendersonIslandwas themost remoteplace intheworld.
2..What canwe learnfrom thepassageA.Micro plasticis merelyharmful to the fishinthesea.B.Not allthe countrieshave toface theproblem of plastic trash.C.Nowadays thereis thesame weightof plasticinthesea asfish.D.Most plasticsmade arenot recycled,and largeamounts enterthesea.
3.What isthe mainidea ofParagraph4A.How theOcean CleanupProject works.B.The problemofplasticcleanup is toobigto tackle.C.Let thesea itselfdecompose theplasticwastenaturally.D.Collecting plasticwithboatsand netswould be agoodway.
4.Which ofthe followingwords bestdescribe BoyanSlatA・Considerate andstraightforward.B・Intelligent andresponsible.C.Knowledgeable andsensitive.D・Devoted andcourageous.(•秦皇岛模拟)2023Marathon runnerGerima Mustafaof Ugandawalked some(孚664kilometres acrossEast Africaearlier thisyear tocall attentionto threatsto the shea木果)L nuttree,a sourceof food,medical productsand incomefor themany livingfromWest Africato Somalia.Now researchscientists studyingthe sheatree in Burkina Fasohave foundthat itisthe naturalecosystem thatis gettingdegraded inthis regionthat mightdo harmtothe shea,(木炭)which isoften targetedby charcoaltraders whokill andsell the trees forfar lessthanthe long-term worthof theirbenefits.The habitatsare lostto ever-increasingagricultural shiftstoo,with aclear overalllink tothe impactsof humanactivity.Scientist AoifeDelaney ofthe UK,along withresearchers ofBurkina FasoandBritish ecologists,studied10different parklandlocations inBurkina Fasowhere thetrees(传are planted.They saythetree-able toproduce nutsfor200years-relies onpollinators粉者)(灌木)that thrivewhen othertrees and shrub speciesaround itcreateahabitat tosupportthe pollinators,especially bees.“Consequently,shea productionsare likelyto benefitfrom thepreservation ofarange ofdifferent treeandshrubspecies inparklands,“Delaney andthe researchteam said.Their workwas recentlypublished inthe Journalof AppliedEcology.The authorsrecommend maintaininga rangeof nativewoody speciesthroughouttheir lifespans,and plantingnew onesinto farmlandwhen cleared.The ideaistobeintentional andactive aboutprotecting thetrees.“Only separateparts ofsemi-natural habitatinthesurrounding landscapemay notbesufficient toprovide thenecessary pollination services,“they concluded.In aregionthat issubject tonutritional povertyand wherethe fundrequired tosupply localfoods islackingfor mostfamilies,maintaining naturalecosystem servicesthat supportfoodprovision mustbeapriority.”
5..Why isGerima Mustafamentioned inthe firstparagraphA・To describea marathonrunner,s experience.B・To suggestthe popularityof GerimaMustafa.C.To introducethe importanceof sheanut trees.D.To explainan approachto protectingthe wildlife.
6.What is a greatthreat tothesheanut treesinBurkinaFasoA.The agriculturaldevelopment.B.The illegalhunting ofanimals.C・The disturbanceof humanactivity.D.The pollutionin theirnatural habitat.
7.What doesthe underlinedword“thrive”mean inParagraph3A.Increase.B.Spread.C.Escape.D.Change.
8.What dothe scientistsrecommend localsto doto protectthesheanut treesA.Provide hand-pollinationservices.B.Keep thebiodiversity withinan ecosystem.C.Replace theold sheatrees withnew ones.D.Open upmore naturalhabitats forpollinators.II.语法填空Planting treesisagreat wayto reducecarbon emissions,but protectingour oceansandcoastal ecosystemscan dothesame“Blue carbon^refers toorganic carbonwhich
1.store bythe oceansand coastalecosystems.Mangroves,tidal marshesand seagrassesare thethree maincoastalecosystems thatcan storelarge
2.quantity ofblue carbon.They playa majorrole inreducingcarbon dioxideintheair.
3.compare withecosystems onthe land,coastal ecosystemscan storecarbon
4.constant inthe longterm.When plantsonthecoast die,the organicdepositsthat theybecome willslowly disappearthanks tothe flowingseawater above,
5.means thecarbonwill notescape easilybut remainstored forhundreds andthousandsofyears.China isoneofthe fewblessed
6.all threecoastal ecosystems.Tidal marshesare thelargestcoastal ecosystemin China,
7.occupy anarea of5,448square kilometres.Incomparison,mangroves havea
8.small size.According tothe latestdata,the totalarea ofChinasmangrove forestsin
20209.be289square kilometres,and over70square kilometresof mangrovesare newlyplantedand restorednow.By protectingand restoringthese coastalecosystems,we canavoid enormousamountsof storedblue carbongoing backinto
10.atmosphere,and safeguardwildlifeliving inthese ecosystems.。