文本内容:
Questions:
1.Please describethe conceptsof TD-Ag andTl-Ag respectivelyand compare the differencesbetweenTD-Ag andTl-Ag.Thymus-dependent antigensare thosethat donot directly stimulate theproduction of antibodywithout thehelp ofT cells.B cellepitope+T cell epitopeHumoral immunityand cellularimmunityAntibody:five typesImmunememoryProteins arethymus-dependent antigens.Thymus-independent antigensare antigenswhich candirectlystimulatethe B cells toproduceantibody withoutthe requirementfor T cell helpIn general.only BcellepitopeHumoralimmunityAntibody:IgMNo Immunememorypolysaccharides areTl-antigens.
2.Please describethe generalproperties ofcytokine.General propertiesof CKs■Small proteinsMW:approx.15-30KD■Extremely potent,acting atpM orfM■The productionis transientand tightlyregulated■Autocrine,paracrine orendocrine■Non-specific andnon-MHC restricted
3.What arethe rulesofantibodyproduction in vivo Whatarethe general featuresofantibody responsesinvivo.表格作参考,表格下的文字为主Bcelland HMIppt P65@Primary responseSecondary responseLagafter immunizationUsually5-10days Usually1-3daysPeak responseSmaller LargerAntibodyisotype UsuallylgMlgG Relativeincrease inIgG and,under certainsituations,in IgAorIgEheavy chainclass switchingAntibodyaffinity Loweraverage affinity,more Higheraverage affinityaffinityvariable maturationPrimaryimmune response-longer latentphase;-smaller peakresponse lowerAb titer;-remaining inthe serumat detectablelevels formuch shorterperiods;-lower averageaffinity;-usually IgM;Secondary immuneresponseThe immuneresponse followedby secondaryantigenic challenge-shorter latentphase;-bigger peakresponse higherAb titer;-remaining inthe serumat detectablelevels formuch longerperiods;-higher averageaffinity;-usually IgG.
4.Please describethegeneralprocess ofCD4+Tcellmediated immuneresponse.
5.Please describethe componentsand pathogenicmechanism involvedin typeI hypersensitivity.Components involvedin typeI hypersensitivity•Allergens areproteins orchemicals boundto proteinsthat induceIgE antibodyresponsesand elicitan immediatehypersensitivity allergicreaction inatopic individuals.•Allergin isa specificIgE thatgives riseto immediatehypersensitivity.•Atopy:People whohave allergiesto environmentalantigens,such aspollen orhouse dust,are saidto beatopic.•IgEits receptor•mast cells,basophils andeosinophilsPathogenic mechanismsFirstexposure toallergenAntigen activationof Th2cells andstimulation of IgE classswitching inB cellsProductionof IgEBindingofIgEto Fce RI onmast cellsRepeatexposure toallergenActivation ofmast cell:release ofmediators
6.Whats thedifference betweenArtificial ActiveImmunization andArtificial PassiveImmunizationPlease give2-3examples foreach.Artifical activeimmunity Artificalpassive immunityAdministrationAg vaccines,toxoid Abantitoxin,y-globulinProduction ofimmunity slowlyimmediatelyDuration ofimmunity Longfromseveral monthsto Short2weeks tomonthsyearsUsage ImmunoprophylaxisEmergency prophylaxisandtherapyExamples deadvaccineinactivated Antitoxins,humanvaccine,live immunoglobulin,cytokines andvaccineattenuatedvaccine,monoclonal antibodytoxoid。