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2019-2020学年第二学期高二期末调研考试英语考生注意
1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上写在本试卷上无效
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分听力第一节听下面段对话每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍
1.When shouldthe speakersboard thebusC.At8:
00.A.AtB.AtC.At B.At7:
50.
2.What are the speakerstalking abouteeing amovie together.
3.Where arethe twospeakersA.InB.InC.Int.B.In aclinic.C.In alibrary.
4.What willthe mando inAlaskaA.GoB.GoC.Go B.Go hunting.C.Go sightseeing.
5.Whats the womans attitudeto TomA.Envious.B.Angry.B.Angry.C.Sympathetic.第二节听下面5段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间每段对话或独白读两遍听第6段材料,回答第
6、7题vocabulary.
6.What is the lowestprice relatedtoA.The traveltime.B.The destination.C.The airline.
7.What doesthe womanwant toknowA.Travel companions.B.Luggage limits.C.The holidaylength.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题
8.Who advisedthe manto settlehis accommodationsteachers.
9.How did the manfeel whenhearing the womans replyC.He was a bitsurprised.A.He wascalm.B.lie wasdelighted.
10.What mightthe mando latermightlive offcampus.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题take placeA.In themorning.
8.At noon,buy thedressC.In the afternoon.
8.It isvery attractive.
12.Why doesthe womanwant toA.It isfashionableC.It is a lotcheaperB.By Discover.
13.How doesthewomanpayA.By MasterCard.C.By Visacard.听第9段材料,回答第14至16题
14.What*stheprobable relationshipbetween thespeakersA.Colleagues.B.Teacher andstudent,talk aboutC.Customer andsaleswoman
15.What doesthewomanwant toA.The B.The wordlimit,according to the mandeadline.B.Grasping thewriters points.C.The wordsource.
16.What is a writingtechniqueA.Making writingbriefer.C.Using advanced听第10段材料,回答第17至20题
17.What didBrown dobefore retiring[37题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意我最终成功穿过了终点线A.cross穿过;B.remove开除C.draw拉;D.achieve取得;获得根据下文the finishline finally可知,我最终穿过了终点线故选A【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意有时候,当我们最不期待的时候,生活会给我们上一课A.add增加;B.change改变;C.enjoy喜欢;D.expect期待此处是对上文的总结,对生活期待最少的时候,生活就会给我们上一课故选I【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意通过这次比赛,我想我能完成对我来说似乎不可能的事情A.clear清除;B.figure计算;认为;C.hand传递;D.throw投掷下文I can complete what seems20for me.是我经过这次跑步想到的figure out想出故选B【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意同上A.practical实际的;B.obvious显而易见的;C.unnecessary不必要的;D.impossible不可能的根据上文life teachesus alesson whenwe least18it.可知,作者通过这次比赛,认识到自己能够完成似乎对于自己不可能的事情故选D第二节语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式上The desireto bephysically nearothers ishuman nature.We humansare socialcreatures.Many studieshaveshown thathunter-gatherers formed“bands”as theyfound41more efficientto findenough foodfor42survivethrough jointefforts.They alsofoundstrength innumbers.When43workas a group,they could deal withthreats more44effective.Today,having physicalcontact withother peopleand enjoyingthe companyof otherscan releaseall sortsofchemicals in the brain and body,45essentially giveus feelingsof happinessand evenlove.This is46itys notjust theathletes orthe musiciansthat giveus thesense ofpleasure whenwe goto aconcert ora footballmatch.Being witha lotof other people47add to the happiness.After eventslike this,people saytheyfeel more48bondto one another andthat theyfeel partof somethingwhole.In thesecomp1ex49societywe have developed,we headoneanotherto getby.Inhunter-gatherer days,one personor familymay havebeen responsiblefor findingfood,cooking it,buildinga homeand makingclothes.Now werely heavily50otherpeoplefrom allover the world,with theirown setsofknowledge andskills,to carry out differentfunctions.【答案】
41.it
42.survival/surviving
43.working
44.effectively
45.which
46.why
47.adds
48.bonded
49.societies
50.on/upon【解析】本文是说明文渴望在身体上接近别人是人的天性人类是社会生物,需要依靠彼此生存本文介绍了从古代到现代人际之间的依附关系【41题详解】考查代词句意许多研究表明,狩猎一一采集者形成了“一帮人”,因为他们发现通过共同努力找到足够的食物来生存更有效分析句子可知,此处用it作宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语to findenough food…,故填ito【42题详解】考查名词或动名词for是介词,接名词或者动名词作宾语,故填survival/surviving【43题详解】考查非谓语动词分析句子可知,When3workas a group作时间状语,work与其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系,用现在分词故填working【44题详解】考查副词修饰谓语动词coulddeal with,用副词作状语,故填effectively[45题详解】考查定语从句句意今天,与他人进行身体接触,享受他人的陪伴,大脑和身体中可以释放各种化学物质,这从本质上给我们快乐,甚至爱的感觉分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,指代all sortsofchemicals in the brain and body,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用关系代词which,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故填which【46题详解】考查表语从句句意这就是当我们去看音乐会或足球比赛时,不仅仅是运动员或音乐家给了我们快乐的感觉的原因空格处填连词引导表语从句,this指代上文提到的内容,上文是空格后的原因,why”……的原因;为什么,符合语境故填why[47题详解】考查动词时态句意与许多人在一起增添了快乐动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数,文章主时态是一般现在时,故填addso【48题详解】考查形容词句意在这样的事件之后,人们说他们觉得彼此更紧密地联系在一起,感觉到自己是整体的一部分feel是系动词,接形容词作表语,bonded“(感情上)结为一体的”符合题意,故填bonded【49题详解】考查名词的数society“社会,由these修饰,用复数,故填societies【50题详解】考查固定短语句意现在我们在很大程度上依靠来自世界各地的其他人,用自己的知识和技能,履行不同的职能rely on/upon“依靠”是固定短语,故填on/upon第四部分写作第一节短文改错
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号
(八),并在其下面写出该加的词删除把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉修改在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词注意
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分My motherwas drivingalone to a city192kilometer away.At first,she feelspretty goodabout thetrip.But herjoy wasdisappeared whenshe sawsmoke comingfrom the car.She had to pull over immediate.She wasatloss whatto dowhen atruck stoppedbehind hercar.A gentlemangot offbut cameover tohelp.She checkedthecar,heading to his truckand cameback withtwo firebeaters.He saidthat hesold firebeaters,so histruckwas fulloff them.And hesaid jokinglythat itwas mymother luckyday.【答案】
1.kilometer-^kilometers
2.feels—felt
3.去掉was
4.immediate-^immediately
5.at后加a
6.but fand
7.She-He
8.heading-headed
9.off fof
10.mother frothers【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文作者讲述了妈妈独自开车去192公里以外的一个城市,在路上汽车出了故障,妈妈不知所措,幸好遇到了一位卖灭火器的绅士,帮助了妈妈【详解】L考查名词kilometer“公里”是可数名词,由192修饰,用复数,故将kilometer改为kilometerso
2.考查动词时态根据上文的was driving可知,讲述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,故将feels改为felto
3.考查动词disappear是不及物动词,无被动式,故去掉disappeared前的was
4.考查副词修饰动词hadtopullover,用副词形式作状语,故将immediate改为immediately
5.考查固定短语at aloss“不知所措”是固定短语,故at后加a
6.考查连词句意一位绅士下了车,过来帮忙前后文是并列关系,不是转折关系,故将but改为ando
7.考查代词句意他检查了汽车,走向他的卡车,拿了两个灭火器回来了此处指上文提到的gentleman,是位男士,故将She改为He
8.考查谓语动词句意同上分析句子可知,check,head和come back表示一系列动作,是并列谓语,表示过去的一系列动作,用一般过去时,故将heading改为headedo
9.考查固定短语句意他说他卖灭火器,因此他的卡车装满了灭火器be fullof“充满”是固定短语,故将off改为of
10.考查名词所有格修饰名词day,用名词所有格故将mother改为mother s第二节书面表达
52.假定你是李华,你的英国网友Mick向你咨询如何预防新冠肺炎请你用英语写一封rmail,要点如下
1.不要去人群聚集处,外出时要佩戴口罩;
2.注意个人卫生(勤洗手;保持居所清洁……);
3.提高免疫力(多休息、适度运动、均衡饮食…….)注意
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计人总词数参考词汇sanitizer洗手液immunity免疫力Dear Mick,Good luck.Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Mick,Now,I will give yousome tipsfor preventingCOVID-
19.First of all,during theemergency periodof COVID-19prevention,try toreduce outdooractivities,suchas playingoutside,participating in all kindsof parties,shopping inmalls andother publicactivities.Whereveryou go,you shouldwear amask,which is the mostbasic measureto preventthe infectionof COVID-
19.Secondly,wash handsfrequently withrunning water,using handsanitizer orsoap.Keep yourroom cleanand oftenopenwindows.Thirdly,in orderto improveindividual immunity,drink morewater,rest more,avoid stayingup lateanddo moderateexercise.Last butnot least,follow anutritional andbalanced dietand eatfoods aftertheyare fullycooked.Good luck.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲类写作【详解第1步根据提示可知,假定你是李华,你的英国网友Mick向你咨询如何预防新冠肺炎请你用英语写一封e-mail,要点如下
1.不要去人群聚集处,外出时要佩戴口罩;
2.注意个人卫生(勤洗手;保持居所清洁……);
3.提高免疫力(多休息、适度运动、均衡饮食…….)第2步根据写作要求,确定关键词(组)emergency(紧急情况);prevention(预防);all kindsof(各种各样的);sanitizer(洗手液)等第3步根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题此处文章主要应用一般现在时第4步连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰,保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的【点睛】范文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如Firstof all,during theemergency periodof COVID-19prevention,try toreduce outdooractivities,such asplayingoutside,participating in all kindsof parties,shopping inmalls andother publicactivities.非谓语动词的运用;Wherever you go,you shouldwear amask,which isthe mostbasic measureto preventthe infectionofCOVID-
19.运用非限制性定语从句全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力另外文章思路清晰、层次分明,上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩A.Teaching.B.Gardening.C.Engineering.
18.Why doesBrown drivea taxiA.To makefriends.B.To keephealthy.C.To helpothers.
19.What isBrown,s daughterC.An IASofficer.A.A student.B.A professor.
20.What doesBrown valuemostC.Education.A.Friendship.B.Quality.第二部分阅读理解选出最佳选项第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,ATheatresThe USA,s BestDrive-in MovieGatheryour friends,pile into thecar,and enjoyan eveningof Americaat theseclassic theatres.Fort Lauderdale Swap Shop-Fort Lauderdale,FloridaThe Fort Lauderdale Swap Shop holdsthe titlefor theworld,s largestdrive-in theatre.The drive-in theatreopenedon22November1963with onescreen.Now,the theatrehas13new screensand nearly12million peoplevisitit annually.The originalscreen isstill upin running,although itsnow calledscreen nine.Thanksto Floridasamazing weather,the theatreis open365days ayear.Harvest Moon Twin Drive-In-Gibson City,IllinoisBuilt in1954,this two-screen drive-in ismaking aname for itself thanks to a decision to switch to windpower.The ownersat Harvest MoonTwin Drive-In startedusing windpower asa wayof keepingthe costsof runningthe theatre down.By doingso,the drive-in is able to keep their prices consistentand ifyou wantto catchafilm atthis greentheatre,its openfrom Marchuntil October.Coyote Drive-In-Fort Worth,TexasOpened in2013,Coyote Drive-In wasbuilt with the goal of bringing back the drive-in magicto thecommunity(社区).One ticketwillgiveyou accessto nightlydouble features-two moviesback toback-available onfourdifferent screens.A uniquefeature of thetheatreis thatpets of all shapesand sizesare welcome,includinghorses.Field of Dreams-Liberty Center,OhioPaying honourtothe film FieldofDreams,Rod andDonna Saundersbuilt theField ofDreams drive-in theatreon their farmland in Liberty Center,Ohio in
1989.The Saundersproject providescost-effective family
1.What isspecial aboutHarvest MoonTwin A.It hasDrive-Inthe mostscreens.B.Its ticketprice issteady.C.It hasa quietenvironment.D.It hasnewly importedequipment.Field ofDreams
2.What inspiredthe Saundersto buildthe A.A B.Their famousfarmland in the countryside.wonderful filmof the same name.D.The culturalpromotion of their community,historyC.The locals,demands forentertainment.B.Harvest MoonTwin Drive-In.
3.Which drive-in theatrehas theshortest A.Fort D.Field ofDreams.LauderdaleSwapShop.C.Coyote Drive-In.【答案】
1.B
2.A
3.Centertainment for the localsof theircountryside community.【解析】本文是一篇应用文文章介绍了美国几家最好的汽车影院【1题详解】细节理解题根据Harvest MoonTwin Drive-In-Gibson City,Illinois中“By doingso,the drive-in isable tokeeptheirpricesconsistent(这样一来,免下车影院的票价就能保持始终如一)”可知,此汽车影院的票价很稳定故选B【2题详解】细节理解题根据Field ofDreams-Liberty Center,Ohio中^Paying honourtothefilm Field ofDreams,Rod andDonna Saundersbuilt theField ofDreams drive-in theatreon theirfarmlandin Liberty Center,Ohioin
1989.(为了向电影《梦想之地》致敬,罗德和唐娜•桑德斯于1989年在俄亥俄州自由中心的农田里建造了“梦想之地”汽车影院)”可知,桑德斯夫妇建造“梦想之地”汽车影院是受到电影《梦想之地》的启发故选A【3题详解】细节理解题根据Fort LauderdaleSwapShop-FortLauderdale,Florida中“The drive-in theatreopenedon22November1963with onescreen.(这家汽车影院于1963年11月22日开业,当时只有一个屏幕)“;HarvestMoonTwinDrive-In-Gibson City,Illinois41uBuilt in1954,this two-screen drive-in ismakinga namefor itselfthankstoadecisiontoswitchtowindpower.(这座建于1954年的双屏幕汽车影院由于决定改用风力发电而声名鹊起);Coyote Drive-In-Fort Worth,Texas中uOpened in2013,Coyote Drive-Inwas builtwith thegoalofbringingback thedrive-in magictothecommunity(社区).(Coyote汽车影院于2013年开业,旨在将汽车影院的魔力带回社区)”和Field ofDreams-LibertyCenter,Ohio中“Payinghonour tothefilmField ofDreams,Rod andDonna Saundersbuilt theFieldofDreams drive-in theatreon theirfarmlandinLibertyCenter,Ohio in
1989.(为了向电影《梦想之地》致敬,罗德和唐娜•桑德斯于1989年在俄亥俄州自由中心的农田里建造了“梦想之地”汽车影院”对比四个汽车影院可知,Coyote汽车影院建立的历史最短故选CBAs thethree of them approachedthe waterfallslate in theafternoonof thethird dayof theircamping trip,Curtis Whitsoncould tellfrom theincreasing roar(轰鸣)of waterinthenarrowing valleythat theywere inserioustrouble.Heavy snowand springrains hadturned theusually manageablefalls intosomething fierce.There wasno waytheyd beable tosail downthe waterfallas planned.“Weve gotto dosomething!”Whitson yelledtohiswife,Krystal Ramirez,and his13-year-old son,Hunter.Then henoticed andgrabbed hisbright redwater bottle and carved“Help!”on it.Ramirez alsoreminded himthatHunter hada penand paperin hisbackpack,with which they playeda game.Whitson wrote“We arestuckherethe waterfall.Get helpplease!”on thepaper,put thenote into the bottleand threw it over the waterfalls.They hadthought theyprobably weren,t goingto getrescued thatnight.However,at midnight,they heardahelicopter abovethem.Unfortunately,the pilotdidnt finda goodplace toland.The crewannounced thattheywould comebackthenext day.The nextmorning,the helicopterreturned andlowered acrew memberon acable.Then rescuerslifted Hunter,Ramirez,and Whitsonout of the valleyone byone and put them and their gear(装备)on theclosest cliff(悬崖)where thehelicopter couldsafely land.When theofficers droppedthem backat the campground,they learnedmore about the eventsthat hadsavedthem:Two menhad seenthe waterbottle floatinginthewater.When theypicked itup,they noticedthe writingonit-Help!”-which inspiredtheir curiosity.Then theyrealized therewasanote inside.After theyreadit,they broughtit tothe campground,turned thebottle in,and tookoff withoutleaving theirnames.
4.What troubledid the Whitsons meetwithA They were trappedat thetop ofwaterfalls.B.They werelost inthe travelina small boat.C.They werefloodedby therising riverwater.D.They hadrun out ofalltheir drinkingwater.
5.Whitson usedhis waterbottleto.A.play gamesB.send amessageC.make atime reminderD.defend thefamily
6.What canwe inferabouttheplace where the WhitsonsstayedA.It wason aflat hillside.B.It wason thewide water.C.It wasbetween steepcliffs.D.It wasat thetop ofa mountain.
7.How weretheWhitsonsfinally savedA.They gotback tothecampgroundby themselves.B.They wereguided toclimb fromthe valleysafely.C.They wererescued bytwo passers-by accidentally.D.Theywerefound andsaved byprofessional rescuers.【答案】
4.A
5.B
6.C
7.D【解析】本文是记叙文文章主要讲述了Whitson一家野营时,被困在瀑布边,最终获救的故事【4题详解】细节理解题根据第一段的Heavy snowand springrains hadturned theusually manageablefalls intosomethingfierce.There wasno waytheyd beabletosail downthe waterfallas planned.(大雪和春雨使通常可以控制的瀑布变成了某种凶猛的东西他们不可能按计划沿着瀑布航行)可知,他们被困在瀑布的顶部故选A【5题详解】细节理解题根据第二段的Whitson wroteWe arestuck herethewaterfall.Get helpplease!”on thepaper,putthe noteintothebottleandthrewitoverthewaterfalls.(惠特森在名氏上写道“我们被困在瀑布这里请帮帮忙!”把纸条放进瓶子里,扔到瀑布上)可知,惠特森用他的水瓶发送了一个求救信息故选B【6题详解】推理判断题根据第三段的Unfortunately,the pilotdidnt finda goodplace toland.(不幸的是,飞行员没有找到降落的好地方)和第四段的Then rescuerslifted Hunter,Ramirez,and Whitsonoutof the valleyoneby oneandput themand theirgear(装备)on theclosest cliff(悬崖)wherethehelicopter couldsafely land.(然后救援人员把亨特、拉米雷斯和惠特森一个接一个地从山谷中拉出来,把他们和他们的装备放在最近的悬崖上,在那里直升机可以安全着陆)可推断,惠特森一家待的地方,位于陡峭的悬崖之间故选C【7题详解】推理判断题根据最后两段可知,两个人发现漂浮在水里的瓶子,捡起了它,发现了写的求助信息,看到了里面有纸条,读过以后把瓶子交给了宿营地,后来专业救援人员使用直升机救出了惠特森一家由此推知,最后,惠特森一家被发现并被专业救援人员救了下来故选DCIf nothingis doneto stoprising sealevels,the homesof200million people could beunderwater bytheyear
2100.That,s accordingtoastudy publishedinthescientific magazineNatureCommunications.The globalsealevel hasbeen risingfor morethan acentury,and morequickly overthe lastseveral decades.Thats becauseclimatechange ismelting glaciers(冰Jl|)and icesheets.Higher sealevels floodcoastlines.If stepsaren,t takento protectcities andtowns,people couldbe forcedto move inland.One Europeancountry isespecially vulnerableto flooding:the Netherlands.More thana quarterof the countryalready sitsbelow sealevel.But the Netherlands hasdeveloped tactics(策略)for dealingwith water.Forthat reason,many expertsbelieve thateven thoughits vulnerableto risingseas,thecountry is well-equippedto dealwith them.In theregion thatis nowthe Netherlands,people havebeen inventingways tokeep outwater forat least900years.The countryis famousfor itsdikes(堤坝),which arelong wallsthat preventflooding.But inrecentyears,experts therehavedevelopednew techniquesthat gofar beyonddikes,some ofwhich arehigh-tech.For example,the Maeslantkeringis amassive storm-surge barrierthat protectsthe cityof Rotterdam from seawater.Its controlledby asupercomputer.It closesautomatically whenRotterdam isthreatened by floods.Other projectslook tonature for inspiration.The DakAkkeris afarm locatedon topof anoffice buildingin Rotterdam.The building,s roofholds rainwaterto preventrunoff.Another exampleisthe Floating Farm.Itsdesigners wantedto makeroom foragriculture ina waterfloodedcity.More than30dairy cowslive onthe farm,which floatsin Rotterdams waterways.The farmgenerates(生产)its ownenergy usingfloating solarpanels.It snot that our solutions arethe best,for theDutch says Henk Ovink,who workson waterissues for yourgovernment.But weprovide ideas
8.What doesthe countrys solutions.”paragraph2probably meanunderlinedword“vulnerable”in Easyto beattacked.A.Heavily independent.B.Totally unconcerned.C.Experienced insolving.D.
9.What canwe learnabout uthe Maeslantkering^Its ahigh-tech life-saving ship.A.Its atactic todealwithglaciers.B.Its ahigh buildingfor escape.C.Its acomputer-controlled dike.D.
10.Where istheFloatingFarmA.On theriver.B.Under thewater.C.On thelong dikes.D.On topofabuilding.
11.What doesHenk Ovinkthink ofDutch,s tacticsto fightfloodsA.An outline.B.An instruction.C.An assumption.D.An inspiration.【答案】
8.B
9.C
10.A
11.D【解析】本文是说明文科学杂志“自然通讯”上发表的一项研究表明,如果不采取任何措施来阻止海平面上升,到2100年,2亿人的家园可能会被淹没文章介绍了荷兰为应对这一现象采取的行动【8题详解】词句猜测题根据第一段最后一句If stepsaren,t takento protectcities andtowns,peoplecouldbe forcedtomoveinland.(如果不采取措施保护城镇,人们可能会被迫搬到内陆)可推断One Europeancountryisespeciallyvulnerable toflooding:theNetherlands.句意是一个欧洲国家特别容易受到洪水的攻击荷兰说明荷兰最有可能受到洪水的影响,“vulnerable”的意思是容易被攻击,划线词与B项意思相近故选B【9题详解】细节理解题根据第三段的For example,theMaeslantkeringisamassive storm-surge barrierthat protectsthecity ofRotterdamfromseawater.Its controlledby asupercomputer.It closesautomatically whenRotterdamis threatenedbyfloods.(例如,Maeslantmeding是一个巨大的风暴扩张屏障,保护鹿特丹市免受海水的侵袭它由一台超级计算机控制当鹿特丹受到洪水威胁时,它会自动关闭)可知,Maeslantkering是由一台超级电脑控制的堤坝故选C【10题详解】细节理解题根据倒数第二段的More than30dairy cowslive onthe farm,which floatsinRotterdam,swaterways.(超过30头奶牛生活在农场上,农场漂浮在鹿特丹的水道上)可知,漂浮农场在河上故选Ao【11题详解】推理判断题根据最后一段Its notthatoursolutionsarethebest,saysHenk Ovink,who workson waterissuesfor theDutch government.But weprovide ideasforyourcountry,ssolutions.(“我们的解决方案不是最好的,”致力于为荷兰政府处理水问题的Henk Ovink说“但我们为贵国的解决方案提供了想法”)可推断,HenkOvink认为荷兰应对洪水的策略是一个启发,是对未来的启发故选DDHow thelanguages oftheworldappeared islargely amystery.Considering thatit mighthave takenthousandsof years,it isattractive tosee howdeaf peoplecan createnovel sign languages unconsciously.Interestingly,children playedan importantrole inthe developmentof thesenovel languages.However,how exactly this happenedhasnot beendocumented.In aseries ofstudies,researchers attemptedto recreateexactlythisprocess.Children wereinvited tostayin twodifferent roomsand anonline connectionwas setup between them.After abrief familiarizationwiththe set-up,the researcherssneakily(偷偷地)turned offthe soundand watchedas the children foundnew ways of communicating that go beyondspoken language.The children,s task was to describe an image with different themesinacoordination game.With concretethings-like ahammer ora fork-children quicklyfound asolution by imitating thematching action,for example,eating,inagesture.But the researchers repeatedlychallenged the children withnew,more abstractpictures.In thecourse ofthe study,the imagesto bedescribed becamemore andmore complex,which wasalso reflectedinthe gesturesthat thechildren produced.In orderto communicate,thechildreninvented separategesturesfor actorsand actions and began to combinethem-thus creatinga kindof smalllocal grammar.How doesa languagecome intobeing Based onthe present study,the followingsteps appearreasonable:first,people createreference to actionsand objects through signs that resemble things.The preconditionforthis isa commonground ofexperience betweeninteraction partners.Partners alsocoordinate(酉己合)byimitating eachother sothat theyuse thesame signsfor thesame things.The signsthus gaininterpersonaland eventuallycommon meaning.Over time,the relationshipsbetween thesigns andthings becomemore abstractand the meaning oftheindividual signsbecomes morespecific.Grammatical structuresare graduallyintroducedwhen there isaneed tocommunicate morecomplex facts.However,the mostremarkable aspectofthecurrent studiesisthat theseprocesses canbe observedunder controlledcircumstances andwithin30minutes.
12.How didthe researcherscarryoutthe experimentA.By makingthe communicationin totalsilence.B.By inferringto andcopying thedocumented scene.C.By observingchildren communicateface toface.D.By listeningsecretly tothe communicationof children.
13.What shouldchildren dointhestudiesA.Show howto dodifferent thingswithdifferenttools.B.Take severaloral examinationson foreignlanguages.C.Describe thingsto otherswithout spoken languages.D.Name someabstract objectswhichtheyhave neverseen.
14.What isthe processof creatinga languageA.Signsf Accepted meaning-Interpersonal meaning—LanguageB.Interpersonal meaning^Accepted meaningfSignsf LanguageC.Acceptedmeaning-*^Interpersonal meaningfSignsf LanguageD.Signs-Interpersonal meaning-*Acceptedmeaning-Language
15.What isthe textmainly aboutA.The developmentof novelsignlanguages.B.The firststeps ofthe makingof languages.C.The rolechildren playin creatinglanguages.D.The circumstancesof languagescoming intobeing.【答案】
12.A
13.C
14.D
15.B【解析】本文是说明文世界语言是如何出现的仍旧是一个谜,儿童在这些新语言的发展中起着重要的作用,这是如何发生的呢?文章介绍了为揭开这个谜底进行的研究,阐述了语言产生的过程【12题详解】细节理解题根据第二段的After abrief familiarizationwiththeset-up,theresearcherssneakily(偷偷地)turned offthe soundand watchedas thechildren found newways ofcommunicating thatgo beyond spokenlanguage.(在对这套装置进行了短暂的熟悉之后,研究人员偷偷地关掉了声音,观察孩子们找到不用口语就能交流的方式)可知,实验是在完全沉默的交流中进行的故选A【13题详解】细节理解题根据第二段最后的thechildrenfoundnewwaysofcommunicatingthatgobeyondspokenlanguage.(孩子们发现了不用口语就能交流的方式)第三段的The childrenstaskwastodescribeanimagewith differentthemesinacoordination game.(孩子们的任务是在一个协调游戏中描述不同主题的图像)可知,儿童在研究中不使用口语描述事情给他人故选C【14题详解】细节理解题根据最后一段的Basedonthepresentstudy,the followingsteps appearreasonable:first,peoplecreate referencetoactionsandobjectsthroughsignsthatresemblethings.The preconditionfor thisisacommonground ofexperience betweeninteraction partners.Partners alsocoordinate(酉己合)byimitatingeach othersothat theyuse thesame signsforthesame things.The signsthus gaininterpersonal andeventually commonmeaning.Over time,the relationshipsbetweenthesigns andthings becomemore abstractandthemeaningoftheindividual signsbecomes morespecific.Grammatical structuresare graduallyintroduced whenthereisa needtocommunicate morecomplex facts.可知,首先,人们通过类似事物的符号来创造对行为和物体的参照这样做的前提是互动伙伴之间有共同的经验基础合作伙伴也通过互相模仿来协调,这样他们就可以在同样的事情上使用相同的符号这些符号因此获得了人际关系和最终的共同意义随着时间的推移,符号和事物之间的关系变得更加抽象,单个符号的含义也变得更加具体当需要交流更复杂的事实时,语法结构会逐渐引入因此创造语言的过程是符号一一人与人之间的意义一一被接受的意义一一语言故选D15题详解】主旨大意题第一段讲述以问题的形式提出语言如何产生的这一话题,
二、三两段通过一项研究说明语言产生的过程,最后一段总结了语言形成的基本步骤因此推断本文主要讲述语言产生的最初的步骤故选Bo第二节根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Every littlething youdo reallymakes adifference!There areclasses andclubs focusedon varioussocialproblems.16One causethat hasbeen popularin recentyears ishelping the environment andpreserving ourresources.There areseveral waysthat youcan helpprotect thisplanet wecall Earth.Using reusable bags isone of thosevital waysto protectthe worldsresources.Plastic grocery-type bagsthat getthrown outend upin landfillsor inother partsoftheenvironment.These canmake animalsstuck inthem ormistake them for food.17Whether youare shoppingfor food,clothes orbooks,use areusablebag.This cutsdown onrubbish andpreventsanimals fromgetting ahold ofthem.There areeven somestores thatoffer discountsfor usingreusablebags!18I haveheard of people usingreusable bagswhen theymove!If youforget yourreusable bagsat home,buy anew one.19Just makesure youremember toput themthereand never leave home without them!If youare ina positionwhere youneed touse theplastic bags,reuse themnext timeyougoshopping,or usethemforsomething else.Just donot beso quickto throwthem out!There aresome statesthat areoutlawing(宣布不合法)or chargingextra forusing plasticbags.20A.Also,it takesa whilefor themto breakdown.B.Students areconstantly learningwhat they can do.C.However,you hadbetter keepa coupleof bagsin yourcar.D.These bagsare usefulfor thingsother thanshopping aswell.E.Using reusable bags helpstheenvironmentand yourbudget!F.They teachstudents howtheycanhelp dealwith theseproblems.G.When buyingdrinks,consider buyingthose withreusable waterbottles.【答案】
16.F
17.A
18.D
19.C
20.E【解析】这是一篇说明文近年来帮助环境和保护我们的资源很流行,有几种方法可以帮助保护我们称为地球的这个星球使用可重复使用的袋子是保护世界资源的重要方法之一文章主要介绍了使用可重复使用袋子的一些好处和注意事项【16题详解】根据上文There areclasses andclubs focusedon varioussocial problems.可矢口有关注各种社会问题的班级和俱乐部由此可知,本句承接上文说明这些班级和俱乐部成立的目的,是教学生如何处理问题F选项中they指代上文classes andclubso故F选项“他们教学生如何帮助处理这些问题”符合上下文语境,故选F【17题详解】根据上文Plastic grocery-type bagsthat getthrown outend upin landfillsorinother partsoftheenvironment.These canmake animalsstuck inthem ormistake themfor food.可矢口被扔掉的塑料杂货袋最终会被扔进垃圾填埋场或其他环境中这些会让动物们卡在里面或者误以为它们是食物由此可知,本段是在说明塑料垃圾对周围动物和环境的影响故A选项“而且,它们需要一段时间才能分解”符合上下文语境,故选A【18题详解】根据后文I haveheard ofpeople usingreusable bagswhen theymove!可知我听说有人在搬家时使用环保袋!由此可知,可重复使用塑料袋除了购物,还可以用作其他用途故D选项“这些袋子除了用来购物外,还可以用来做其他事情”符合上下文语境,故选D【19题详解】根据上文If youforget yourreusablebagsat home,buy anew one.可知如果你把环保袋忘在家里了,买一个新的以及后文Just makesure youremember toputthemthere andneverleavehomewithoutthem!可知一定要记得把它们放在那里,出门一定要带着它们!由此可知,本段主要是在说明存放环保袋子的场所,如果忘在家里了,也可以买新的放在车里,这样就可以随时带着他们出门了故C选项“但是,你最好在你的车里放几个袋子”符合上下文语境,故选C【20题详解】袋或收取额外费用由此可知,上文说明了使用塑料袋的缺点,那么本句应当是再次强调使用可重复使用袋子的好处故E选项“使用可重复使用的袋子既环保又省钱!”符合上下文语境,故选E第三部分语言知识运用阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项For thepast three years,I havebeen workingfull-time,attending school,and raisingafamily.To sayI amtired isan understatement(保守的陈述).My teenagedaughter21to runa5K thisSaturday morning.When wearrived atthe start,it occurredto methat Ishould runwith her,22___I believedthat I couldn,t doit.In fact,I wasnt23active atall duringthe lastthreeyears.I wasnot24forit,nor didI have the proper nutrition and diet.Despite these25,I foundmyself26for therace.Ill justwalk it,I reasonedto myself.Standing ina crowdofpeoplein_______27clothes,I heardthe gun_28to signifythestart ofthe race.Everyone elsewas running,so I:ran too.The seaof runners29over aJhill,and I was left with only one other woman.It wasn,t longbefore Ibegan to30,andtheother womandidthe
31.Icouldtell shewas much32than me.Then shebegan to run again.I couldn,t lether33me,so Ibegan to run too.We continuedthisseries ofrunning and walking,and________34__I gotahead ofher.Then Ikept runningand walkinguntil I35agroupof womenrunning witha smallchild,n lydaughters pregnantteacher,oneofmy daughters36and thenI didthesamewith her another classmate.I managedto37the finishline finally.Sometimes,life teachesus alesson whenwe least38it.Through therace,I39it outthat Icancompletewhatseems40for me.
21.A.signed upB.gave inC.moved onD.paid off
22.A.unless B.because C.even thoughD.as if
23.A.mentally B.socially C.politically D.physically
24.A.excited B.known C.marked D.dressed
25.A.advantages B.barriers C.profits D.differences
26.A.searching B.changing C.registering D.blaming
27.A.sports B.school C.formal D.traditional
28.A.go outB.go offC.go acrossD.go down
29.A.disappeared B.dropped C.flew D.approached
30.A.run B.walk C.jump D.quit
31.A.right B.opposite C.same D.next
32.A.younger B.taller C.stronger D.older33A.control B.cheat C.beat D.catch
34.A.deliberately B.fortunately C.eventually D.unconsciously
35.A.passed B.missed C.visited D.admired
36.A.drivers B.classmates C.volunteers D.neighbors
37.A.cross B.remove C.draw D.achieve
38.A.add B.change C.enjoy D.expect
39.A.clear B.figure C.hand D.throw
40.A.practical B.obvious C.unnecessary D.impossible【答案】
21.A
22.C
23.D
24.1D
25.B
26.C
27.A
28.B
29.A
30.B
31.C
32.D
33.C
34.C
35.A
36.B
37.A
38.D
39.B
40.D【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文作者过去三年生活的很累十几岁的女儿参加5千米跑步,作者突然也想参加,经过不懈的努力最终成功到达终点线通过这次比赛,作者认为自己能完成对自己来说似乎不可能的事情【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析句意这个星期六上午,我十几岁的女儿报名跑5千米A.signed up报名;B.gave in屈服;C.moved on继续前进;D.paid off付清根据下文toruna5K可推断,报名参加跑5千米故选Ao[22题详解】考查连词词义辨析句意当我们到达起点,我突然想到我应该和她一起跑,即使我认为我做不到A.unless除非;B.because因为;C.even though即使;D.as if似乎根据句意,可知前后文是让步关系,故选Co[23题详解】考查副词词义辨析句意实际上,在过去三年里,我身体一点也不活跃A.mentally心理上地;B.socially社会上地;C.politically政治上地;D.physically身体上地上文提到陪女儿跑5千米,因此推断此处是说身体上不活跃故选D【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意我穿的衣服不适合它,我也没有适当的营养和饮食A.excited兴奋的;B.known出名的;C.marked显着的;D.dressed穿衣根据卜文nor didIhavethepropernutritionanddiet说明,我没有为跑5千米做好准备,我穿的衣服也不适合跑步故选D[25题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意尽管有这些障碍,我还是注册了这次比赛A.advantages优势;B.barriers障碍;C.profits利益;D.differences不同上文讲到那些,都是参加跑步比赛的障碍故选B【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意同上A.searching寻找;B.changing改变;C.registering登记;注册;D.blaming责怪根据下文“Ill justwalk it,I reasonedto myself.可知,作者注册参加了比赛故选Co【27题详解】考查形容词义辨析句意站在一群穿着运动衣的人之中,我听到预示着比赛开始的枪响了A.sports运动;B.school学校;C.formal正式的;D.traditional传统的根据常识可知,参加跑步比赛的人都穿着运动衣故选A【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析句意同上A.go out熄灭;B.go off爆炸;C.go across穿过;D.go down下降;沉下根据to signifythe startoftherace可知,标志着开始的枪响了故选B【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意跑步者的海洋越过小山消失了A.disappeared消失;B.dropped放弃;停止;C.flew飞行;D.approached接近根据下文Iwasleftwithonlyoneotherwoman.可知,乘『卜我和另一个妇女,其他跑步者消失了故选A【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意不久以后,我开始走,另一个女士做着同样的事情A.run跑;B.walk走;C.jump跳;D.quit放弃;离开根据下文so Ibegantorun too可知,跑了不久之后,我开始走故选Bo【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意同上A.right正确的;B.opposite对立的;C.same同样的;D.next下一个根据Then shebegantorunagain,可知,另一个女士也和我一样在走故选C【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意我能够辨别出她比我年老的多A.younger更年轻的;B.taller更高的;C.stronger更强壮的;D.older更老的根据下文I gotahead ofher可知,女士比我年老故选D【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意我不能让她打败我,因此我也开始跑A.control控制;B.cheat欺骗;C.beat打败;D.catch捕捉上文说女士开始再跑,结合下文因此我也开始跑,可推断我不能让她打败我故选Co【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析句意我们继续跑跑走走,最终我领先了她A.deliberately故意地;B.fortunately幸运地;C.eventually最终;D.unconsciously无意识地根据下文Then Ikept runningandwalkinguntilI15agroupof womenrunning withasmallchild可知,我最终领先了她故选C[35题丽1考查动词词义辨析句意然后我一直跑跑走走,直到我经过一群带着一个孩子的妇女,我女儿怀孕的老师,我女儿同学中的一个,然后我与她的另一个同学做了同样的事A.passed经过;B.missed错过;思念;C.visited拜访;D.admired赞赏;称赞由until可知,此处描写我一路跑步的情形,我一直跑跑走走直到经过一群妇女故选A【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意同上A.drivers司机;B.classmates同学;C.volunteers志愿者;D.neighbors邻居根据下文heranotherclassmates可知,此处指我女儿的一个同学故选B。